There have been rare reports of damage to the blood vessels surrounding the bile duct during the gallstone removal process, causing hemobilia. In cases of severe hemobilia with unstable vital signs, insertion of a fully covered self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) may be considered as salvage therapy. This case reports a patient with common bile duct stones and acute cholangitis who developed massive hemobilia during attempts to resolve basket device incarceration by performing mechanical lithotripsy. Endoscopic hemostasis was successfully achieved by insertion of a SEMS. However, during follow-up, the stent distally dislocated, resulting in rebleeding with a pseudoaneurysm in the surrounding blood vessels. Ultimately, hemostasis failed despite vascular intervention and additional hemostatic procedures, leading to death. Even if a stent is inserted in an appropriate location, hemostasis may not be achieved well, and if the stent migrates, hemobilia may worsen, so close monitoring is required to determine whether bleeding occurs again.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones are estrogen-like compounds found in plants and their health effects remain equivocal. We investigated dietary isoflavone intake and its associated factors in Korean breast cancer survivors, with a comparison to cancer-free women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The usual dietary intake of breast cancer survivors (n = 981, mean age 52 yrs) in 9 hospitals between 2012 and 2019 was assessed using 3-day food records or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). They were age-matched to 2,943 cancer-free women who completed FFQs as part of a nationwide study conducted between 2012 and 2016. We used the flavonoid database of common Korean foods and the Phenol-Explorer database to estimate isoflavone intake. The contribution of each food or food group to the total isoflavone intake was calculated. The adjusted least-squares means of dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle and clinical factors were calculated using generalized linear models. RESULTS: Breast cancer survivors had a higher mean dietary isoflavone intake (23.59 mg/day) than cancer-free women (17.81 mg/day). Major food sources, including tofu, soybeans, and doenjang, contributed to over 70% of the isoflavone intake in both groups. When we estimated dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle characteristics, isoflavone intake increased with higher scores of adherence to the American Cancer Society dietary guidelines but decreased with increasing body mass index in both groups. Among cancer-free women, dietary isoflavone intake was higher among those who had never smoked and among dietary supplement users. Among breast cancer survivors, dietary isoflavone intakes did not vary with clinical characteristics, including time since surgery and estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSION Breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume isoflavones than agematched cancer-free women. Dietary isoflavone intake was associated with healthy lifestyle characteristics in women both with and without breast cancer. Further research is needed to understand the role of the higher isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors compared to cancer-free women on their prognosis.

There have been rare reports of damage to the blood vessels surrounding the bile duct during the gallstone removal process, causing hemobilia. In cases of severe hemobilia with unstable vital signs, insertion of a fully covered self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) may be considered as salvage therapy. This case reports a patient with common bile duct stones and acute cholangitis who developed massive hemobilia during attempts to resolve basket device incarceration by performing mechanical lithotripsy. Endoscopic hemostasis was successfully achieved by insertion of a SEMS. However, during follow-up, the stent distally dislocated, resulting in rebleeding with a pseudoaneurysm in the surrounding blood vessels. Ultimately, hemostasis failed despite vascular intervention and additional hemostatic procedures, leading to death. Even if a stent is inserted in an appropriate location, hemostasis may not be achieved well, and if the stent migrates, hemobilia may worsen, so close monitoring is required to determine whether bleeding occurs again.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones are estrogen-like compounds found in plants and their health effects remain equivocal. We investigated dietary isoflavone intake and its associated factors in Korean breast cancer survivors, with a comparison to cancer-free women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The usual dietary intake of breast cancer survivors (n = 981, mean age 52 yrs) in 9 hospitals between 2012 and 2019 was assessed using 3-day food records or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). They were age-matched to 2,943 cancer-free women who completed FFQs as part of a nationwide study conducted between 2012 and 2016. We used the flavonoid database of common Korean foods and the Phenol-Explorer database to estimate isoflavone intake. The contribution of each food or food group to the total isoflavone intake was calculated. The adjusted least-squares means of dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle and clinical factors were calculated using generalized linear models. RESULTS: Breast cancer survivors had a higher mean dietary isoflavone intake (23.59 mg/day) than cancer-free women (17.81 mg/day). Major food sources, including tofu, soybeans, and doenjang, contributed to over 70% of the isoflavone intake in both groups. When we estimated dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle characteristics, isoflavone intake increased with higher scores of adherence to the American Cancer Society dietary guidelines but decreased with increasing body mass index in both groups. Among cancer-free women, dietary isoflavone intake was higher among those who had never smoked and among dietary supplement users. Among breast cancer survivors, dietary isoflavone intakes did not vary with clinical characteristics, including time since surgery and estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSION Breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume isoflavones than agematched cancer-free women. Dietary isoflavone intake was associated with healthy lifestyle characteristics in women both with and without breast cancer. Further research is needed to understand the role of the higher isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors compared to cancer-free women on their prognosis.

There have been rare reports of damage to the blood vessels surrounding the bile duct during the gallstone removal process, causing hemobilia. In cases of severe hemobilia with unstable vital signs, insertion of a fully covered self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) may be considered as salvage therapy. This case reports a patient with common bile duct stones and acute cholangitis who developed massive hemobilia during attempts to resolve basket device incarceration by performing mechanical lithotripsy. Endoscopic hemostasis was successfully achieved by insertion of a SEMS. However, during follow-up, the stent distally dislocated, resulting in rebleeding with a pseudoaneurysm in the surrounding blood vessels. Ultimately, hemostasis failed despite vascular intervention and additional hemostatic procedures, leading to death. Even if a stent is inserted in an appropriate location, hemostasis may not be achieved well, and if the stent migrates, hemobilia may worsen, so close monitoring is required to determine whether bleeding occurs again.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones are estrogen-like compounds found in plants and their health effects remain equivocal. We investigated dietary isoflavone intake and its associated factors in Korean breast cancer survivors, with a comparison to cancer-free women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The usual dietary intake of breast cancer survivors (n = 981, mean age 52 yrs) in 9 hospitals between 2012 and 2019 was assessed using 3-day food records or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). They were age-matched to 2,943 cancer-free women who completed FFQs as part of a nationwide study conducted between 2012 and 2016. We used the flavonoid database of common Korean foods and the Phenol-Explorer database to estimate isoflavone intake. The contribution of each food or food group to the total isoflavone intake was calculated. The adjusted least-squares means of dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle and clinical factors were calculated using generalized linear models. RESULTS: Breast cancer survivors had a higher mean dietary isoflavone intake (23.59 mg/day) than cancer-free women (17.81 mg/day). Major food sources, including tofu, soybeans, and doenjang, contributed to over 70% of the isoflavone intake in both groups. When we estimated dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle characteristics, isoflavone intake increased with higher scores of adherence to the American Cancer Society dietary guidelines but decreased with increasing body mass index in both groups. Among cancer-free women, dietary isoflavone intake was higher among those who had never smoked and among dietary supplement users. Among breast cancer survivors, dietary isoflavone intakes did not vary with clinical characteristics, including time since surgery and estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSION Breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume isoflavones than agematched cancer-free women. Dietary isoflavone intake was associated with healthy lifestyle characteristics in women both with and without breast cancer. Further research is needed to understand the role of the higher isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors compared to cancer-free women on their prognosis.

There have been rare reports of damage to the blood vessels surrounding the bile duct during the gallstone removal process, causing hemobilia. In cases of severe hemobilia with unstable vital signs, insertion of a fully covered self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) may be considered as salvage therapy. This case reports a patient with common bile duct stones and acute cholangitis who developed massive hemobilia during attempts to resolve basket device incarceration by performing mechanical lithotripsy. Endoscopic hemostasis was successfully achieved by insertion of a SEMS. However, during follow-up, the stent distally dislocated, resulting in rebleeding with a pseudoaneurysm in the surrounding blood vessels. Ultimately, hemostasis failed despite vascular intervention and additional hemostatic procedures, leading to death. Even if a stent is inserted in an appropriate location, hemostasis may not be achieved well, and if the stent migrates, hemobilia may worsen, so close monitoring is required to determine whether bleeding occurs again.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones are estrogen-like compounds found in plants and their health effects remain equivocal. We investigated dietary isoflavone intake and its associated factors in Korean breast cancer survivors, with a comparison to cancer-free women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The usual dietary intake of breast cancer survivors (n = 981, mean age 52 yrs) in 9 hospitals between 2012 and 2019 was assessed using 3-day food records or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). They were age-matched to 2,943 cancer-free women who completed FFQs as part of a nationwide study conducted between 2012 and 2016. We used the flavonoid database of common Korean foods and the Phenol-Explorer database to estimate isoflavone intake. The contribution of each food or food group to the total isoflavone intake was calculated. The adjusted least-squares means of dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle and clinical factors were calculated using generalized linear models. RESULTS: Breast cancer survivors had a higher mean dietary isoflavone intake (23.59 mg/day) than cancer-free women (17.81 mg/day). Major food sources, including tofu, soybeans, and doenjang, contributed to over 70% of the isoflavone intake in both groups. When we estimated dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle characteristics, isoflavone intake increased with higher scores of adherence to the American Cancer Society dietary guidelines but decreased with increasing body mass index in both groups. Among cancer-free women, dietary isoflavone intake was higher among those who had never smoked and among dietary supplement users. Among breast cancer survivors, dietary isoflavone intakes did not vary with clinical characteristics, including time since surgery and estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSION Breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume isoflavones than agematched cancer-free women. Dietary isoflavone intake was associated with healthy lifestyle characteristics in women both with and without breast cancer. Further research is needed to understand the role of the higher isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors compared to cancer-free women on their prognosis.

There have been rare reports of damage to the blood vessels surrounding the bile duct during the gallstone removal process, causing hemobilia. In cases of severe hemobilia with unstable vital signs, insertion of a fully covered self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) may be considered as salvage therapy. This case reports a patient with common bile duct stones and acute cholangitis who developed massive hemobilia during attempts to resolve basket device incarceration by performing mechanical lithotripsy. Endoscopic hemostasis was successfully achieved by insertion of a SEMS. However, during follow-up, the stent distally dislocated, resulting in rebleeding with a pseudoaneurysm in the surrounding blood vessels. Ultimately, hemostasis failed despite vascular intervention and additional hemostatic procedures, leading to death. Even if a stent is inserted in an appropriate location, hemostasis may not be achieved well, and if the stent migrates, hemobilia may worsen, so close monitoring is required to determine whether bleeding occurs again.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones are estrogen-like compounds found in plants and their health effects remain equivocal. We investigated dietary isoflavone intake and its associated factors in Korean breast cancer survivors, with a comparison to cancer-free women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The usual dietary intake of breast cancer survivors (n = 981, mean age 52 yrs) in 9 hospitals between 2012 and 2019 was assessed using 3-day food records or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). They were age-matched to 2,943 cancer-free women who completed FFQs as part of a nationwide study conducted between 2012 and 2016. We used the flavonoid database of common Korean foods and the Phenol-Explorer database to estimate isoflavone intake. The contribution of each food or food group to the total isoflavone intake was calculated. The adjusted least-squares means of dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle and clinical factors were calculated using generalized linear models. RESULTS: Breast cancer survivors had a higher mean dietary isoflavone intake (23.59 mg/day) than cancer-free women (17.81 mg/day). Major food sources, including tofu, soybeans, and doenjang, contributed to over 70% of the isoflavone intake in both groups. When we estimated dietary isoflavone intake according to lifestyle characteristics, isoflavone intake increased with higher scores of adherence to the American Cancer Society dietary guidelines but decreased with increasing body mass index in both groups. Among cancer-free women, dietary isoflavone intake was higher among those who had never smoked and among dietary supplement users. Among breast cancer survivors, dietary isoflavone intakes did not vary with clinical characteristics, including time since surgery and estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSION Breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume isoflavones than agematched cancer-free women. Dietary isoflavone intake was associated with healthy lifestyle characteristics in women both with and without breast cancer. Further research is needed to understand the role of the higher isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors compared to cancer-free women on their prognosis.