As research on the unique effects of space environment, especially microgravity and cosmic radiation, on the cardiovascular system is being conducted, research on the development of cardiovascular therapeutics using the space environment is attracting attention. This review comprehensively analyzes the current status and prospects of cardiovascular therapeutics development research utilizing space environment.Microgravity environment has been shown to have a positive effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardio myocytes. Cardiac tissue culture and organoid technology have enabled more effective drug screening and disease modeling than on the ground, and changes in gene expression such as Aquaporin-4 have been found to play an important role in cardiac function. Cosmic radiation can cause myocardial remodeling, fibrosis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects include increased oxidative stress, promotion of inflammatory responses, deoxyribo nucleic acid damage, and cell death. Currently, the development of drugs that can prevent or treat cardiovascular damage caused by the space environment is in the early stages, and future research is expected to focus on developing personalized treatments and exploring the potential applications of space medicine research results to terrestrial medicine.

As research on the unique effects of space environment, especially microgravity and cosmic radiation, on the cardiovascular system is being conducted, research on the development of cardiovascular therapeutics using the space environment is attracting attention. This review comprehensively analyzes the current status and prospects of cardiovascular therapeutics development research utilizing space environment.Microgravity environment has been shown to have a positive effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardio myocytes. Cardiac tissue culture and organoid technology have enabled more effective drug screening and disease modeling than on the ground, and changes in gene expression such as Aquaporin-4 have been found to play an important role in cardiac function. Cosmic radiation can cause myocardial remodeling, fibrosis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects include increased oxidative stress, promotion of inflammatory responses, deoxyribo nucleic acid damage, and cell death. Currently, the development of drugs that can prevent or treat cardiovascular damage caused by the space environment is in the early stages, and future research is expected to focus on developing personalized treatments and exploring the potential applications of space medicine research results to terrestrial medicine.

As research on the unique effects of space environment, especially microgravity and cosmic radiation, on the cardiovascular system is being conducted, research on the development of cardiovascular therapeutics using the space environment is attracting attention. This review comprehensively analyzes the current status and prospects of cardiovascular therapeutics development research utilizing space environment.Microgravity environment has been shown to have a positive effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardio myocytes. Cardiac tissue culture and organoid technology have enabled more effective drug screening and disease modeling than on the ground, and changes in gene expression such as Aquaporin-4 have been found to play an important role in cardiac function. Cosmic radiation can cause myocardial remodeling, fibrosis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects include increased oxidative stress, promotion of inflammatory responses, deoxyribo nucleic acid damage, and cell death. Currently, the development of drugs that can prevent or treat cardiovascular damage caused by the space environment is in the early stages, and future research is expected to focus on developing personalized treatments and exploring the potential applications of space medicine research results to terrestrial medicine.

As research on the unique effects of space environment, especially microgravity and cosmic radiation, on the cardiovascular system is being conducted, research on the development of cardiovascular therapeutics using the space environment is attracting attention. This review comprehensively analyzes the current status and prospects of cardiovascular therapeutics development research utilizing space environment.Microgravity environment has been shown to have a positive effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardio myocytes. Cardiac tissue culture and organoid technology have enabled more effective drug screening and disease modeling than on the ground, and changes in gene expression such as Aquaporin-4 have been found to play an important role in cardiac function. Cosmic radiation can cause myocardial remodeling, fibrosis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects include increased oxidative stress, promotion of inflammatory responses, deoxyribo nucleic acid damage, and cell death. Currently, the development of drugs that can prevent or treat cardiovascular damage caused by the space environment is in the early stages, and future research is expected to focus on developing personalized treatments and exploring the potential applications of space medicine research results to terrestrial medicine.

As research on the unique effects of space environment, especially microgravity and cosmic radiation, on the cardiovascular system is being conducted, research on the development of cardiovascular therapeutics using the space environment is attracting attention. This review comprehensively analyzes the current status and prospects of cardiovascular therapeutics development research utilizing space environment.Microgravity environment has been shown to have a positive effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardio myocytes. Cardiac tissue culture and organoid technology have enabled more effective drug screening and disease modeling than on the ground, and changes in gene expression such as Aquaporin-4 have been found to play an important role in cardiac function. Cosmic radiation can cause myocardial remodeling, fibrosis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects include increased oxidative stress, promotion of inflammatory responses, deoxyribo nucleic acid damage, and cell death. Currently, the development of drugs that can prevent or treat cardiovascular damage caused by the space environment is in the early stages, and future research is expected to focus on developing personalized treatments and exploring the potential applications of space medicine research results to terrestrial medicine.

The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity, exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, affects school-aged children and preschoolers. Early-onset obesity, which carries a high risk of metabolic complications, may contribute to a lower age at the onset of cardiovascular disease. As metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease observed in adulthood are increasingly recognized in the pediatric population, there is an emphasis on moving disease susceptibility assessments from adulthood to childhood to enable early detection. However, consensus is lacking regarding the definition of metabolic diseases in children. In response, various indicators such as the pediatric simple metabolic syndrome score, continuous metabolic syndrome score, single-point insulin sensitivity estimator, and fatty liver index have been proposed in several studies. These indicators may aid the early detection of metabolic complications associated with pediatric obesity, although further validation studies are needed. Obesity assessments are shifting in perspective from visual obesity to metabolic health and body composition considerations to fill the gap in health impact assessments. Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the muscle- to-fat ratio, has been proposed in pediatric populations and is associated with metabolic health in children and adolescents. The National Health Screening Program for Children in Korea has expanded but still faces limitations in laboratory testing. These tests facilitate timely intervention by identifying groups at a high risk of metabolic complications. Early detection and intervention through comprehensive health screening are critical for mitigating long-term complications of childhood obesity.

The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity, exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, affects school-aged children and preschoolers. Early-onset obesity, which carries a high risk of metabolic complications, may contribute to a lower age at the onset of cardiovascular disease. As metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease observed in adulthood are increasingly recognized in the pediatric population, there is an emphasis on moving disease susceptibility assessments from adulthood to childhood to enable early detection. However, consensus is lacking regarding the definition of metabolic diseases in children. In response, various indicators such as the pediatric simple metabolic syndrome score, continuous metabolic syndrome score, single-point insulin sensitivity estimator, and fatty liver index have been proposed in several studies. These indicators may aid the early detection of metabolic complications associated with pediatric obesity, although further validation studies are needed. Obesity assessments are shifting in perspective from visual obesity to metabolic health and body composition considerations to fill the gap in health impact assessments. Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the muscle- to-fat ratio, has been proposed in pediatric populations and is associated with metabolic health in children and adolescents. The National Health Screening Program for Children in Korea has expanded but still faces limitations in laboratory testing. These tests facilitate timely intervention by identifying groups at a high risk of metabolic complications. Early detection and intervention through comprehensive health screening are critical for mitigating long-term complications of childhood obesity.

The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity, exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, affects school-aged children and preschoolers. Early-onset obesity, which carries a high risk of metabolic complications, may contribute to a lower age at the onset of cardiovascular disease. As metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease observed in adulthood are increasingly recognized in the pediatric population, there is an emphasis on moving disease susceptibility assessments from adulthood to childhood to enable early detection. However, consensus is lacking regarding the definition of metabolic diseases in children. In response, various indicators such as the pediatric simple metabolic syndrome score, continuous metabolic syndrome score, single-point insulin sensitivity estimator, and fatty liver index have been proposed in several studies. These indicators may aid the early detection of metabolic complications associated with pediatric obesity, although further validation studies are needed. Obesity assessments are shifting in perspective from visual obesity to metabolic health and body composition considerations to fill the gap in health impact assessments. Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the muscle- to-fat ratio, has been proposed in pediatric populations and is associated with metabolic health in children and adolescents. The National Health Screening Program for Children in Korea has expanded but still faces limitations in laboratory testing. These tests facilitate timely intervention by identifying groups at a high risk of metabolic complications. Early detection and intervention through comprehensive health screening are critical for mitigating long-term complications of childhood obesity.

The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity, exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, affects school-aged children and preschoolers. Early-onset obesity, which carries a high risk of metabolic complications, may contribute to a lower age at the onset of cardiovascular disease. As metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease observed in adulthood are increasingly recognized in the pediatric population, there is an emphasis on moving disease susceptibility assessments from adulthood to childhood to enable early detection. However, consensus is lacking regarding the definition of metabolic diseases in children. In response, various indicators such as the pediatric simple metabolic syndrome score, continuous metabolic syndrome score, single-point insulin sensitivity estimator, and fatty liver index have been proposed in several studies. These indicators may aid the early detection of metabolic complications associated with pediatric obesity, although further validation studies are needed. Obesity assessments are shifting in perspective from visual obesity to metabolic health and body composition considerations to fill the gap in health impact assessments. Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the muscle- to-fat ratio, has been proposed in pediatric populations and is associated with metabolic health in children and adolescents. The National Health Screening Program for Children in Korea has expanded but still faces limitations in laboratory testing. These tests facilitate timely intervention by identifying groups at a high risk of metabolic complications. Early detection and intervention through comprehensive health screening are critical for mitigating long-term complications of childhood obesity.

We analyzed the manner and cause of death in 1,193 forensic autopsies from the Jungbu province (central part of South Korea) conducted by the National Forensic Service Daejeon Institute in 2022. Analysis of the manner of deaths revealed that 43.1% (514/1,193 cases) were natural deaths; 42.8% (511/1,193 cases) were unnatural deaths; and 14.1% (168/1,193 cases) were unknown. Among the unnatural deaths, the major manner of death was 44.6% (228/511 cases) by accidents, 34.1% (174/511 cases) by suicide, 13.5% (69/511 cases) undetermined, and 7.8% (40/511 cases) by homicide. Among the unnatural deaths, the major causes of death was 38.4% (196/511 cases) by trauma, 20.4% (104/511 cases) by poisoning, and 17.6% (90/511 cases) by asphyxia. Falling was the major cause of death by trauma (58.7%, 115/196 cases), and strangulation was the major cause of death by asphyxia (75.6%, 68/90 cases). Among the natural deaths, heart disease was the major cause (46.7%, 240/514 cases), followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (14.0%, 72/514 cases). A time-series statistical analysis and comparison of the manner and cause of deaths in this province may facilitate more advanced interpretations relating to both public safety and healthcare in the future.