Purpose: To derive the optimized intraocular lens (IOL) constants from automated and manifest refraction after cataract surgery in Korean patients, and to evaluate whether there is a difference in optimized IOL constants according to the refraction method. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 4,103 eyes of 4,103 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL implantation at 18 institutes. Optimized IOL constants for the SRK/T, Holladay, Hoffer Q, and Haigis formulas were calculated via autorefraction or manifest refraction of samples using the same biometry and IOL. The IOL constants derived from autorefraction and manifest refraction were compared. Results: Of the 4,103 eyes, the majority (62.9%) were measured with an IOLMaster 500 followed by an IOLMaster 700 (15.2%). A total of 33 types of IOLs were used, and the Tecnis ZCB00 was the most frequently used (53.0%). There was no statistically significant difference in IOL constants derived from autorefraction and manifest refraction when IOL constants were optimized with a large number of study subjects. On the other hand, optimized IOL constants derived from autorefraction were significantly smaller than those from manifest refraction when the number of subjects was small. Conclusions It became possible to use the IOL constants optimized from Koreans to calculate the IOL power. However, if the IOL constant is optimized using autorefraction in a small sample group, the IOL constant tends to be small, which may lead to refractive error after surgery.

PURPOSE: The incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been increasing; however, few algorithms are available to identify DILI in electronic health records (EHRs). We aimed to identify and evaluate DILI with an appropriate screening algorithm.METHODS: We collected data from 3 university hospitals between June 2015 and May 2016 using our newly developed algorithm for identifying DILI. Among patients with alanine transferase (ALT) ≤ 120 IU/L and total bilirubin (TB) ≤ 2.4 mg/dL in blood test results within 48 hours of admission, those who either had 1) ALT > 120 IU/L and TB > 2.4 mg/dL or 2) ALT > 200 IU/L at least once during hospitalization were identified. After excluding patients with liver disease-related diagnosis at discharge, medical records were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate epidemiological characteristics of DILI.RESULTS: The total number of inpatients was 256,598, of whom 1,100 (0.43%) were selected by the algorithm as suspected DILI. Subsequently, 365 cases (0.14% of total inpatients, 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.16) were identified as DILI, yielding a positive predictive value of 33.1%. Antibiotics (n = 214, 47.2%) were the major class of causative drug followed by chemotherapeutic agents (n = 87, 19.2%). The most common causative drug was piperacillin-tazobactam (n = 38, 8.4%); the incidence of DILI by individual agent was highest for methotrexate (19.4 cases/1,000 patients administered the drug). Common reasons for excluding suspected DILI cases were ischemic hepatitis and postoperative liver dysfunction.CONCLUSIONS: Using our EHR-based algorithm, we identified that approximately 0.14% of patients developed DILI during hospitalization. Further studies are needed to modify criteria for more accurate identification of DILI.
Alanine ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bilirubin ; Diagnosis ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Electronic Health Records ; Hematologic Tests ; Hepatitis ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Methotrexate ; Pharmacoepidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Transferases

Dermatofibroma is a fibrohistiocytic tumor of the skin that commonly occurs as a solitary lesion on the lower extremities of young women. Multiple eruptive dermatofibromas (MEDFs), defined as the presence of 5 to 8 dermatofibromas appearing within a period of 4 months, are rare, and the etiology of MEDFs remains unknown. However, MEDFs are frequently thought to be associated with altered immunity, such as autoimmune diseases and immunosuppression. It is unclear why MEDFs occur in association with these conditions, but this relationship may suggest that MEDFs are the result of an abortive immunoreactive process. We herein describe a middle-aged woman who developed multiple dermatofibroma. She had myasthenia gravis for 8 years, and developed MEDFs after undergoing oral corticosteroid treatment (245 mg/week) for 3 months. Therefore, our case suggests that the use of immunosuppressants is a more dominant factor for the development of MEDFs than underlying autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lower Extremity ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Skin

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Male

No abstract available.
Syphilis ; Syphilis, Cutaneous

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ; Xanthomatosis

No abstract available.
Hyalin ; Hyaline Cartilage

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma* ; Scrotum*