Late-onset sepsis(LOS)is commonly seen in neonates who are hospitalized for extended periods,particularly in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI)and extremely low birth weight infants(ELBWI).Currently,the management of LOS in preterm infants faces dual challenges of delayed diagnosis and treatment,as well as antibiotic overtreatment.To address these issues,the Hunan Neonatal Medical Quality Control Center and the Neonatology Group of Perinatal Medical Committee of Hunan Medical Association organized a group of neonatal experts from Hunan Province to formulate recommendations based on published literature and statistical data from the Hunan Neonatal Medical Quality Control Center,as well as real-world practices in most neonatal intensive care units in Hunan Province.The group of neonatal experts proposed 15 recommendations for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of LOS in hospitalized preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.