Purpose: To analyze the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blowout fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma. Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial computed tomography scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered. After applying exclusion criteria, 568 patients with 581 affected eyes were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of old blowout fractures, identified on computed tomography scan. The clinical characteristics and the frequency of ocular injuries were compared between the two groups. The risk of ocular injury according to the presence of old blowout fracture ware studied using multiple logistic regression after controlling age and sex. Results: Among the 581 eyes examined, 140 (24.1%) had old blowout fractures. The incidence of intraocular complications was significantly higher in the no orbital fracture group compared to the old blowout fracture group (20.4% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). Specifically, the incidence of complications such as gross hyphema (p = 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.006), and vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.027) was significantly greater in the group without old blowout fractures than in those with them. Multiple logistic regression showed that the presence of old blowout fractures was significantly associated with reduced risk of ocular injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions The patients with old blowout fractures had a lower risk of ocular injuries following subsequent blunt trauma. The findings suggest that old fractures may provide protective effect. These results may have important implications for the clinical management of patients at risk of recurrent orbital trauma.

Connective tissue disease (CTD), comprising a range of autoimmune disorders, is often accompanied by lung involvement, which can lead to life-threatening complications. The primary types of CTDs that manifest as interstitial lung disease (ILD) include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, mixed CTD, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. CTD-ILD presents a significant challenge in clinical diagnosis and management due to its heterogeneous nature and variable prognosis. Early diagnosis through clinical, serological, and radiographic assessments is crucial for distinguishing CTD-ILD from idiopathic forms and for implementing appropriate therapeutic strategies. Hence, we have reviewed the multiple clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches for each type of CTD-ILD, acknowledging the diversity and complexity of the disease. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing the management of CTD-ILD is emphasized by recent therapeutic advancements, which include immunosuppressive agents, antifibrotic therapies, and newer biological agents targeting specific pathways involved in the pathogenesis. Therapeutic strategies should be customized according to the type of CTD, the extent of lung involvement, and the presence of extrapulmonary manifestations. Additionally, we aimed to provide clinical guidance, including therapeutic recommendations, for the effective management of CTD-ILD, based on patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) analysis.

Purpose: Considering the high disease burden and unique features of Asian patients with breast cancer (BC), it is essential to have a comprehensive view of genetic characteristics in this population. An institutional targeted sequencing platform was developed through the Korea Research-Driven Hospitals project and was incorporated into clinical practice. This study explores the use of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and its outcomes in patients with advanced/metastatic BC in the real world. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the results of NGS tests administered to BC patients using a customized sequencing platform—FiRST Cancer Panel (FCP)—over 7 years. We systematically described clinical translation of FCP for precise diagnostics, personalized therapeutic strategies, and unraveling disease pathogenesis. Results: NGS tests were conducted on 548 samples from 522 patients with BC. Ninety-seven point six percentage of tested samples harbored at least one pathogenic alteration. The common alterations included mutations in TP53 (56.2%), PIK3CA (31.2%), GATA3 (13.8%), BRCA2 (10.2%), and amplifications of CCND1 (10.8%), FGF19 (10.0%), and ERBB2 (9.5%). NGS analysis of ERBB2 amplification correlated well with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RNA panel analyses found potentially actionable and prognostic fusion genes. FCP effectively screened for potentially germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutation. Ten point three percent of BC patients received matched therapy guided by NGS, resulting in a significant overall survival advantage (p=0.022), especially for metastatic BCs. Conclusion Clinical NGS provided multifaceted benefits, deepening our understanding of the disease, improving diagnostic precision, and paving the way for targeted therapies. The concrete advantages of FCP highlight the importance of multi-gene testing for BC, especially for metastatic conditions.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

Purpose: To analyze the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blowout fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma. Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial computed tomography scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered. After applying exclusion criteria, 568 patients with 581 affected eyes were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of old blowout fractures, identified on computed tomography scan. The clinical characteristics and the frequency of ocular injuries were compared between the two groups. The risk of ocular injury according to the presence of old blowout fracture ware studied using multiple logistic regression after controlling age and sex. Results: Among the 581 eyes examined, 140 (24.1%) had old blowout fractures. The incidence of intraocular complications was significantly higher in the no orbital fracture group compared to the old blowout fracture group (20.4% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). Specifically, the incidence of complications such as gross hyphema (p = 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.006), and vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.027) was significantly greater in the group without old blowout fractures than in those with them. Multiple logistic regression showed that the presence of old blowout fractures was significantly associated with reduced risk of ocular injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions The patients with old blowout fractures had a lower risk of ocular injuries following subsequent blunt trauma. The findings suggest that old fractures may provide protective effect. These results may have important implications for the clinical management of patients at risk of recurrent orbital trauma.

Connective tissue disease (CTD), comprising a range of autoimmune disorders, is often accompanied by lung involvement, which can lead to life-threatening complications. The primary types of CTDs that manifest as interstitial lung disease (ILD) include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, mixed CTD, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. CTD-ILD presents a significant challenge in clinical diagnosis and management due to its heterogeneous nature and variable prognosis. Early diagnosis through clinical, serological, and radiographic assessments is crucial for distinguishing CTD-ILD from idiopathic forms and for implementing appropriate therapeutic strategies. Hence, we have reviewed the multiple clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches for each type of CTD-ILD, acknowledging the diversity and complexity of the disease. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing the management of CTD-ILD is emphasized by recent therapeutic advancements, which include immunosuppressive agents, antifibrotic therapies, and newer biological agents targeting specific pathways involved in the pathogenesis. Therapeutic strategies should be customized according to the type of CTD, the extent of lung involvement, and the presence of extrapulmonary manifestations. Additionally, we aimed to provide clinical guidance, including therapeutic recommendations, for the effective management of CTD-ILD, based on patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) analysis.