BACKGROUND: The PANA RealTyper HPV kit (PANAGENE, Korea; PANA RealTyper) was developed to genotype human papillomavirus (HPV) and was based on multiplex real-time PCR amplification and melting curve analysis. In this study, we compared PANA RealTyper to the AdvanSure HPV GenoBlot assay (LG Life Sciences, Korea; AdvanSure assay) and attempted to evaluate the performance of PANA RealTyper. METHODS: A total of 60 cervical specimens were collected from women undergoing routine cervical cancer screening. The AdvanSure assay and PANA RealTyper kit identified the same 20 high-risk genotypes. However, the AdvanSure assay identified 15 low-risk genotypes, while the PANA RealTyper kit identified only 2 but detected 18 low-risk genotypes. RESULTS: Among the total 60 specimens, 54 high-risk genotypes (40 specimens) and 20 low-risk genotypes (18 specimens) were detected. The agreement rates of the assays ranged from 94.4 to 100% for high-risk genotypes. Among 9 genotypes that were positive in the PANA RealTyper kit but negative in the AdvanSure assay, 7 were confirmed as true positive (HPV genotypes 16 (n=1), 39 (n=1), 52 (n=1), 58 (n=2), 68 (n=2)). Among 4 genotypes that were negative in the PANA RealTyper kit but positive in the AdvanSure assay, 3 were confirmed as HPV genotype 59. Among the 19 low-risk genotypes positive in the AdvanSure assay, there were 2 cases of HPV 6 and 1 case of HPV 11. In comparison, only 1 positive case of HPV 6 was determined by the PANA RealTyper kit. CONCLUSION: The PANA RealTyper kit was comparable with the AdvanSure assay. The PANA RealTyper kit would be useful and suitable for HPV genotyping in the clinical laboratory.
Biological Science Disciplines ; Female ; Freezing ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans* ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been known to be an important factor in the development of cervical cancer. In 2006, two vaccines were made available in the Philippines, one covering two subtypes (HPV 16 and 18) and the other covers four subtypes (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18) of the virus.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitude, and practices of obstetrics and gynecology residents from both government and private sector regarding HPV vaccination as well as determine barriers to vaccination. It also aimed to determine if there is any disparity between the private and government setting, and between residency year levels which may create a discrepancy in the vaccination coverage of their patients.

METHODS: Data will be collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The survey to be used in this study was adapted from the form used in a similar study done in Hong-Kong. The questionnaire will consist of five sections: 1) items regarding the respondents' demographics (age; sex; institution type; residency training year level; number of patients seen in a typical week; number of patients seen in a week aged 10-17, 18-26, and 27-45; number of pap smears performed in a typical week), 2) Knowledge on human papillomavirus infection, 3) Attitude towards HPV vaccine, 4) HPV vaccination practice, and 5) Perceived barriers in HPV vaccination.

RESULTS: This study found that the knowledge of residents about human papilloma virus was generally poor to fair with no significant difference between the knowledge of residents from government institutions compared to those from the private sector. Majority of the residents believe that the vaccine should be administered to 10-17 years old, prior to sexual debut and exposure to the human papilloma virus but were not able to prescribe vaccination for this age group. The perceived barriers of residents in prescribing and vaccinating their patients differ between age groups. For 10-17 years old, parental refusal for vaccinating their children is due to the notion that in doing so, their child is being singled out as being at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. For patients 18-26 years old, residents believe that their reluctance to discuss and talk about issues of sexuality are likely to hinder them from getting vaccinated. For the 27-45-year-old age group, the residents believe that the patient's belief that they do not have HPV infection is likely to hinder them being vaccinated.

CONCLUSION: Proper education and good communication skills among residents and patients should be developed to properly employ and promote vaccination.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Human Papillomavirus 16 ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Papanicolaou Test ; Human Papillomavirus 6 ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

BACKGROUND: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been known to be an important factor in the development of cervical cancer. In 2006, two vaccines were made available in the Philippines, one covering two subtypes (HPV 16 and 18) and the other covers four subtypes (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18) of the virus.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitude, and practices of obstetrics and gynecology residents from both government and private sector regarding HPV vaccination as well as determine barriers to vaccination. It also aimed to determine if there is any disparity between the private and government setting, and between residency year levels which may create a discrepancy in the vaccination coverage of their patients.

METHODS: Data will be collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The survey to be used in this study was adapted from the form used in a similar study done in Hong-Kong. The questionnaire will consist of five sections: 1) items regarding the respondents' demographics (age; sex; institution type; residency training year level; number of patients seen in a typical week; number of patients seen in a week aged 10-17, 18-26, and 27-45; number of pap smears performed in a typical week), 2) Knowledge on human papillomavirus infection, 3) Attitude towards HPV vaccine, 4) HPV vaccination practice, and 5) Perceived barriers in HPV vaccination.

RESULTS: This study found that the knowledge of residents about human papilloma virus was generally poor to fair with no significant difference between the knowledge of residents from government institutions compared to those from the private sector. Majority of the residents believe that the vaccine should be administered to 10-17 years old, prior to sexual debut and exposure to the human papilloma virus but were not able to prescribe vaccination for this age group. The perceived barriers of residents in prescribing and vaccinating their patients differ between age groups. For 10-17 years old, parental refusal for vaccinating their children is due to the notion that in doing so, their child is being singled out as being at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. For patients 18-26 years old, residents believe that their reluctance to discuss and talk about issues of sexuality are likely to hinder them from getting vaccinated. For the 27-45-year-old age group, the residents believe that the patient's belief that they do not have HPV infection is likely to hinder them being vaccinated.

CONCLUSION: Proper education and good communication skills among residents and patients should be developed to properly employ and promote vaccination.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Human Papillomavirus 16 ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Papanicolaou Test ; Human Papillomavirus 6 ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Further understanding of male human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary to prevent infection in men, as well as transmission to women. In our current study, we investigated patterns of HPV infection and genotype distributions in male genital warts using the Anyplex II HPV28 Detection kit. We reviewed the medical records of 80 male patients who presented to 5 neighborhood clinics in Ulsan, Korea, for the treatment of genital warts between April 2014 and January 2015. All patients underwent HPV genotyping. The prevalence and characteristics of HPV infection were analyzed, and the patterns of HPV infection according to age were assessed. Among the study patients, 13 (16.3%) were negative for HPV infection, 46 (57.3%) were infected with low-risk HPV, and 21 (26.3%) were infected with high-risk HPV. Patients with multiple HPV infection were more likely to have high-risk HPV infection (P = 0.001). The prevalence of HPV infection was much higher in samples obtained by tissue excision due to a definite lesion (P = 0.001). There were no differences in high-risk HPV infection (P = 0.459), multiple HPV infection (P = 0.185), and recurrence at diagnosis (P = 0.178) according to age. HPV-6 and HPV-11 were the most common type overall (39.7% and 13.8%, respectively). HPV-16 and HPV-18 were the most common high-risk infections (both 3.4%). HPV infection is not only commonly encountered in male genital warts, but is also accompanied by high-risk HPV and multiple infections.
Adult ; Condylomata Acuminata/epidemiology/*pathology/virology ; DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 11/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics/isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18/genetics/isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

After human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine guidelines published by Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2011, new studies have been published, leading to additional data regarding efficacy, safety, number of vaccination rounds, and ideal age of vaccine administration. We searched and reviewed the literatures focused on the efficacy of 2-dose schedule vaccination, the efficacy of 3-dose schedule vaccination in middle-aged women, the ideal age of 3-dose schedule vaccination, the safety of HPV preventive vaccine, and the ability of cross-protection of each HPV preventive vaccine. The KSGO has revised the previous guideline based on the results of the above studies.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic u ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Republic of Korea ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the most widely used methods for the detection of viruses. PCR is known to be a more sensitive and specific method than the immunohistochemical method at this time, but PCR has the disadvantages of high cost and skilled work to use widely. With the progress of technology, the immunohistochemical methods used in these days has come to be highly sensitive and actively used in the diagnostic fields. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the usefulness of immunohistochemistry and PCR for detection human papilloma virus (HPV) in wart lesions. METHODS: Nine biopsy samples of verruca vulgaris and 10 of condyloma accuminatum were examined. Immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody to HPV L1 capsid protein and PCR were done for the samples. DNA sequencing of the PCR products and HPV genotyping were also done. RESULTS: HPV detection rate was 78.9% (88.9% in verruca vulgaris, 70.0% in condyloma accuminatum) on immunohistochemistry and 100.0% for PCR. HPV-6 genotype showed a lower positivity rate on immunohistochemistry (50.0%) as compared to that of the other HPV genotypes. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry for HPV L1 capsid protein showed comparable sensitivity for detection HPV. Considering the high cost and great effort needed for the PCR methods, we can use immunohistochemistry for HPV L1 capsid protein with the advantage of lower cost and simple methods for HPV detection.
Biopsy ; Capsid Proteins ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Methods ; Papillomaviridae* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Warts*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of submucosal resection by CO2 laser in the treatment of recurrent laryngeal papilloma and the effect on prognosis. METHOD: A total of 11 patients diagnosed as recurrent laryngeal papilloma were included in this review. Papilloma was marked before operation and checked under fibro-laryngoscope. Papilloma was resected completely including the submucosal tissure with CO2 laser or microequipment. In widespread papilloma, false membrane in raw surface were cleared 7-10 days after operation. Surgical specimens (including membrane) were detected by routine pathology, HPV typing and immunohistochemical pathologic examination. The patients were checked once a month in the first 3 months after operation, and then once for every 3 months. Once the hoarseness and other symptoms aggravated or the disease was recurrent, the patients were treated immediately. RESULT: HPV viral DNA was found in 10/11 cases, with HPV11 (7/11 cases) and HPV6 (3/11 cases). Cases with regards to follow-up, from 6 months to 1 year, 3 cases were followed up 1 year after operation, without recurrence. Five patients including 2 children were followed up 6 to 12 months after operation, without recurrence. Two children underwent 2 or 3 operations, were followed-up more than 6 months withouting recurrence. CONCLUSION Papilloma submucosal resection could decrease postoperative recurrence and is worth to be further investigated.
Child ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Laryngoscopes ; Lasers, Gas ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Papilloma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; virology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and precancerous lesion with HPV infection subtypes and possible clinical relationship. METHOD: Eighty-three cases in paraffin embedded tissues were detected with thirty seven HPV subtypes by flow-through hybridization and gene chip (HybriMax), including 31 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 52 cases of precancerous lesions (29 cases of vocal cord leukoplakia and 23 cases of laryngeal papilloma), and 36 cases of vocal cord polyp as normal vocal mucosa were used as control. RESULT: The total positive rate of HPV was 19.4% in the group of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (6/31), 0 in vocal cord leukoplakia, 65.2% in laryngeal papilloma (15/23), and the control group were all negative, HPV virus subtype of HPV-positive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were all high-risk HPV16; and there were 6 HPV virus subtypes in laryngeal papilloma (8: HPV6,4: HPV52, 1: HPV11, 1: HPV18, 2: HPV45, 3: HPV16), individual mixing two or more subtypes infection. HPV infection of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions has no statistically significant difference according to gender, high low-risk subtypes. CONCLUSION HPV infection related to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions, but no significant correlation with the subtype distribution of high and low risk; HPV detection is making positive sense to clinical diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions as well as the development of specific HPV subtype vaccine.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; complications ; virology ; Genotype ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; complications ; virology ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; virology ; Papilloma ; complications ; virology ; Papillomaviridae ; classification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; complications ; virology ; Precancerous Conditions ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

The epidemiology on human papillomavirus (HPV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women in Korea is not well established. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among HIV-infected women in Korea. HPV DNA genotype and cervical cytology were examined in 60 HIV-positive women and 1,938 HIV-negative women. HPV genotypes were analyzed by using a HPV DNA chip. HIV-infected women had higher prevalence of high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) infection (30% vs 4.9%, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.63-13.34, P<0.001) and abnormal cervical cytology (18.3% vs 1.8%, AOR, 10.94; 95% CI, 5.18-23.1, P<0.001) compared with controls. The most common hr-HPV genotype detected in HIV-infected women was HPV 16 (10%), followed by 18 (6.7%) and 52 (5%). Prevalence of quadrivalent vaccine-preventable types (HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18) was 21.7% and 2.3% in HIV-positive women and HIV-negative women, respectively. Age was a significant risk factor for hr-HPV infection in HIV-infected women (P=0.039). The presence of hr-HPV was significantly associated with abnormal cervical cytology (P<0.001). These findings suggest that HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in HIV-infected women would be necessary, particularly among young age group.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Cervix Uteri/virology ; DNA Probes, HPV/diagnostic use ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology/genetics ; HIV-1/genetics ; Human papillomavirus 11/genetics/isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics/isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18/genetics/isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6/genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology/*genetics ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics/virology

Buschke-Lowenstein tumor(BLT) is a rare sexually transmitted disease triggered by human papillomavirus type 6 or 11. It presents as an anogenital exophytic tumor characterized by its size, local infiltration, high recurrence rate and risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. A 45-year-old heterosexual male presented with a 22-year history of slow-growing, multiple, dark brown, verrucous, exophytic nodules and plaques over the trunk, extremities, inguinal and gluteal areas. Two years prior to consult, there was coalescence of lower abdominal plaques with rapid growth of a pinkish cauliflower-like tumor. Pelvic MRI showed that the tumor was limited to the skin. Biopsy of the lower abdominal mass was consistent with BLT and positive for HPV DNA. There was no internal organ involvement or metastasis. Pulsed dye and erbium:YAG lasers were done on the gluteal area test sites followed by wide excision and split-thickness skin graft of the lower abdominal and pubic area.

Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Biopsy ; Brassica ; Buschke-lowenstein Tumor ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dna ; Erbium ; Heterosexuality ; Human Papillomavirus 6 ; Lasers, Solid-state ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Torso