OBJECTIVE

To determine the perceptions of persons with tuberculosis (TB) and health workers on Care TB – a mobile application for the community-led monitoring (CLM) of TB services.

We used a qualitative research method. Six people with tuberculosis and ten health workers were chosen through purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews. The narrative data produced from the interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis in order to uncover salient themes and patterns.

The community-led monitoring mobile application was shown to be acceptable both to TB healthcare providers and patients. It enhances information access and streamlines the process of reporting care barriers. The application also allows persons with TB to interact with one another, potentially eliminating stigma and discrimination. Potential challenges to implementing the CLM program include issues with internet connectivity, costs, and human resources.

This study provides preliminary evidence of the acceptability and perceived feasibility of a mobile application for the community-led monitoring of TB services. For the CLM initiative to be scaled up across the country, more financial and technical support is required.

Objective: To understand the current situation and influencing factors of cervical and lumbar spine diseases of the express delivery employees, and provide scientific basis for carrying out their occupational health protection in a targeted manner. Methods: From February 2020 to January 2021, the current situation research method was used to obtain 527 express delivery employees by cluster sampling. Online questionnaires were used to investigate sociodemographic characteristics and emotional characteristics, and clinical data were obtained by digital X-ray (DR) examination of the neck and waist. Pearson χ(2) test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of cervical and lumbar spine diseases in express delivery employees. Results: The prevalence rates of cervical spine and lumbar spine diseases among express delivery employees were 49.15% (259/527) and 67.74% (357/527) , respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of cervical and lumbar spine disease among express delivery employees with different ages, length of service, working hours per week, and different degrees of distress due to emotional factors (P<0.05) . Multivariate analysis showed that express delivery employees aged ≥25 years old had a higher risk of cervical spine disease (P<0.05) , the express delivery employees who worked 49-55 hours per week had a lower risk of cervical spine disease (P<0.05) . Express delivery employees aged≥35 years old had a lower risk of lumbar spine disease (P<0.05) , and the risk of lumbar spine disease was higher among express delivery workers who suffered moderate or more distress due to emotional factors (such as anxiety, depression, or irritability) in the past 4 weeks (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The prevalence of cervical and lumbar spine diseases is relatively high among express delivery employees. It is recommended to adjust the weekly working hours of express delivery employees, organize psychological counseling training, and effectively protect the occupational health rights of express delivery employees.
Adult ; Health Services Accessibility ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020, and to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategy. Methods: In April 2021 , the cases of pneumoconiosis were monitored by the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020. The distribution of pneumoconiosis, the composition of diseases and the working years exposed to dust were analyzed. Results: All 1026 cases of pneumoconiosis were newly diagnosed in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020, silicosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis were the main diseases (78.36% ,804/1026). Stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis were 484 (47.17%,484/1026) cases. 359 (34.99%,359/1026) cases, 315 (30.70%,315/1026) cases and 252 (24.56%, 252/1026) cases had been diagnosed respectively in Xining City, Haidong City and Haixi Prefecture; 628 (61.21%,628/1026) cases and 418 (40.74%, 418/1026) cases engaged in mining industry and large-sized enterprise, respectively. The working years exposed to dust in silicosis cases were shorter than that in coal worker pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis (P <0.05). Conclusion: The pneumoconiosis area and industry focus in Qinghai Province is obvious. The supervision and adninistration of small and micro scale employers should be strengthened to protect the health rights and interests of workers, especially for the key area and industry.
Anthracosis/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Coal Mining ; Dust ; Health Services Accessibility ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology* ; Silicosis/epidemiology*

Under current law, there are two paths for death investigations: administrative and judicial. A proper death investigation system is essential to the establishment and maintenance of the human rights of those involved and to enhance the credibility of the judicial system as a source of ensuring the security of society. These objectives are accomplished through the accurate, professional, and systematic management of death investigations by qualified experts. The present study aims at reviewing and uncovering the limitations of the current legal codes governing administrative death investigations and autopsy by administrative order. The main problem being that no clear legal statements exist regarding the qualifications of persons responsible for administrative postmortem inspections and administrative autopsies; the problem is the same for any death related to crime. At the conclusion of this paper, the authors propose that legal codes regarding the scope of postmortem inspections or autopsies to determine the cause and manner of death should be clearly defined, and that the qualification standards for experts examining any desceased individual should be legislated.
Autopsy ; Cadaver ; Crime ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Jurisprudence

Along with the advances in medical technology and the economic development, more terminally ill patients are receiving hospice and palliative care services. Moreover, hospice and palliative care clinicians have been showing considerable interest in studies that aim to improve the quality of said care for patients and their families. Meanwhile, after the government has strengthened its policy to protect research participants, the institutional review boards (IRBs) are more closely examining various ethical issues related to patients' vulnerability when reviewing protocols for hospice and palliative care research. However, terminally ill patients should be provided with guaranteed qualities of hospice and palliative care to improve and maintain their quality of life. To that end, support should be provided for efforts to conduct ethical and safe studies with hospice and palliative care patients. Thus, this review paper proposes ethical guidelines for hospice and palliative care research. The guidelines could be appropriately used as a reference for researchers who should prepare for ethically safe and scientifically valued research protocols and the IRBs that will review the protocols.
Economic Development ; Ethics ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Palliative Care ; Patient Rights ; Quality of Life ; Terminally Ill

No abstract available.
Human Rights ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of perception of nursing students' rights participating in clinical practice.METHODS: This descriptive study carried out purposeful sampling. The participants were 17 nursing students, who had experience of participating in clinical practice for more than 12 weeks. Data were collected through focus group interviews. Twelve subjects were in their third year and five in their fourth year. All were practicing in secondary general and tertiary university hospitals. The data were analyzed using classical content analysis method.RESULTS: The researchers extracted 23 codes representing the nursing students' rights of clinical practice, which were grouped into 4 categories and 11 subcategories. The 4 categories were ‘deep disappointment as an alienated person in a clinical field’, ‘clinical practice experience that cannot be given up despite difficulties’, ‘need for a practice environment that takes care of nursing students’, and ‘hope for support, advocacy and respect’.CONCLUSION: Nursing students cannot claim rights at this time, but expressed the desire to build a support system so that these parts can be improved in the future. Therefore, nursing education institutions and clinical fields should maintain diverse efforts through reciprocal relationships.
Education, Nursing ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Focus Groups ; Hospitals, University ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND: Mystery shopping is a method in which a company monitors quality of service and employee conduct and compliance with regulations using an evaluator posing as a customer. It is a typical tool of customer-centered bureaucratic control insofar as it provides overall and standardized evaluation of intangible elements of customer service as well as physical elements of service environments. The purpose of this study is to examine how mystery shopping is related to the health status of service workers in South Korea.METHODS: Data from semistructured interviews with 15 workers were collected from January to April 2019 to obtain information on service worker experiences with mystery shopping. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method.RESULTS: Mystery shopping limits worker autonomy and stiffens the workplace environment by standardizing and monitoring labor processes for service workers. In addition, mystery shopping heightens work stress through increased labor intensity. Five mechanisms by which mystery shopping affects service worker health are identified and comprise (1) multifaceted and multilayered surveillance, (2) evaluator subjectivity and irrational requirements, (3) standardized rules combined with high pressure to achieve sales, (4) self-esteem degradation because of evaluator results, and (5) musculoskeletal disorders because of strict adherence to labor processes based on evaluator results.CONCLUSION: Mystery shopping as an evaluation method should be reconsidered not only in terms of health problems but also in terms of organizational efficiency and issues of human rights.
Commerce ; Compliance ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Human Rights ; Korea ; Methods ; Social Control, Formal

Although seclusion and restraint are required for the treatment of mentally ill patients in psychiatric hospitals, these procedures involve potential violations of human rights and pose a potential risk to patients' physical condition. Nursing staffs in psychiatric hospitals often have to manage psychiatric patients who display aggressive, violent, or challenging behavior. However, the guidelines for the use of seclusion and restraint in Korea are too broad to apply in clinical situations. The guidelines in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand emphasize that patients' basic needs have to be met and stipulate that patient–staff interaction must be continued during seclusion and restraint procedures. Mental health workers in psychiatric hospitals should pay close attention to patients' verbal and non-verbal expressions while communicating with them. This study reviews the guidelines for seclusion and restraint used in foreign countries to improve current Korean guidelines and provides strategies of the nursing activities to be implemented when patients require seclusion and restraint.
Australia ; Great Britain ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Mentally Ill Persons ; New Zealand ; Nursing Staff ; Nursing ; Psychiatric Nursing ; United States

Under new mental health and welfare law, involuntary admission is allowed only for persons with mental illness based on the narrowed criteria of mental illness when they meet both need for treatment and danger to themselves and others. These stringent danger criteria along with narrowed definition of mental illness may prevent timely intervention for people with acute psychosis. It is claimed that the danger criteria is essential to keep up with international (UN, WHO) principles for legislation of mental health acts and laws of advanced countries. The international principles, however, do not necessarily call for stringent danger criteria for involuntary hospitalization. Danger criteria are not also prerequisites for involuntary hospitalization in many advanced countries. In countries with strict danger criteria, complementary measures seem to be taken for the drawback of danger criteria. As for the involuntary hospitalization by legal guardians, the complicated qualification for legal guardians may hinder prompt admission. The required number of legal guardians also needs to be changed from two to one person. Even in the situation where involuntary hospitalization is deemed urgent, there is no way to transport the patients to the hospital for assessment or temporary admission unless the police judges the patients to be dangerous to themselves or others. Outpatient treatment order can be an alternative to involuntary admission. However, it is rarely used since the order cannot be applied to those who do not have history of admission due to danger. For voluntary admission, status conversion to involuntary admission needs to be allowed in case of aggravation of symptoms to meet involuntary admission criteria. In addition, informal admission needs to be introduced to avoid unnecessary formal procedures for patients admitting voluntarily to open ward. In view of all these issues with new mental health and welfare law, entire revision of new mental health law is urgent to balance the rights to proper treatments and protection of human rights of persons with mental disorder.
Evaluation Studies as Topic* ; Hospitalization* ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Jurisprudence* ; Korea* ; Legal Guardians ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health* ; Outpatients ; Patient Admission ; Police ; Psychotic Disorders