Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

Objective To screen the active components of total flavonoid extracts of Sarcandra glabra to promote megakaryocyte differentiation.Methods(1)A model of megakaryocyte differentiation disorder was established by co-culturing human megakaryocytic leukaemia cells(Dami)with human bone marrow stromal cells(HS-5)as an evaluation system,and the experimental groupings were as follows:the Dami group(Dami),the control group(Dami+HS-5),and the PMA group[Dami+HS-5+5 ng·mL-1 foprolol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate(PMA)],and model group[Dami+HS-5+1%rabbit anti-rat platelet serum(APS)+5 ng·mL-1 PMA]were cultured for 48 hours.The expressions of megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation surface marker molecules,CD41a and CD61 were detected by flow cytometry.(2)Forty-nine SD male rats were randomly divided into blank plasma group,15-minute group,30-minute group,60-minute group,90-minute group,120-minute group,and 240-minute group,with 7 rats in each group.The rats in each administration group were gavaged with 1.26 g·kg-1 of total flavonoids extracts of Sarcandra glabra,and blood was collected at six set time points(15,30,60,90,120,240 minutes)for the preparation of time-dependent serum-containing plasma of total flavonoids extracts of Sarcandra glabra.(3)Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was used to analyze the plasma of the time-dependent serum-containing plasma of the total flavonoids extracts of Sarcandra glabra,and the peak area was used to construct a matrix(X-matrix)of the amount of chemical composition change over time in the time-dependent serum-containing plasma of the total flavonoids extracts of Sarcandra glabra.The collected time-dependent serum-containing plasma of the total flavonoids extracts of Sarcandra glabra at six different time points was used to intervene in the model of megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation disorder,and the expression of cell surface molecules CD41a and CD61 was detected by flow cytometry to construct the matrix of effect of time-dependent serum-containing plasma of the total flavonoids extracts of Sarcandra glabra(Y-matrix).(4)After the data of X and Y matrices were standardized,partial least squares(PLS)was used to calculate and analyze the quantitative and qualitative effect relationship,and variable importance for projection(VIP)>1 was used as the threshold to screen the effect components related to the changes of cell surface molecules CD41a and CD61,and chemical composition identification,as the potential effector components in the total flavonoid extracts of Sarcandra glabra were used to promote the differentiation of megakaryocytes,and finally the regression evaluation system was used to verify the efficacy of its medicinal effect.Results(1)Compared with the Dami group,the expression level of CD41a on the surface of Dami cells in the control group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the expression levels of CD41a and CD61 on the surface of Dami cells in the PMA group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the PMA group,the expression levels of CD41a and CD61 on the surface of Dami cells in the model group were significantly reduced(P＜0.01).(2)Compared with the blank plasma group,the expression levels of the molecules CD41a and CD61 on the surface of Dami cells at each time point of 15,30,60,90,120,and 240 minutes were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of CD41a and CD61 were both highest in the 30-minute group.The potential effective components with VIP value greater than 1 were screened out in the positive and negative ion mode,and 540.3638@12.25 and 559.2991@11.53 were selected for pharmacodynamic verification.559.2991@11.53 was identified as daucosterol(Dau),540.3638@12.25 was identified as rosmarinic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ros).After Ros and Dau intervened in the megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation disorder model respectively,the expression levels of CD41a and CD61 on the surface of Dami cells in the low-,medium-and high-dose groups(40,60 and 80 μg·mL-1)of Ros and Dau were significantly increased compared with the model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Ros and Dau may be the active components of the total flavonoids extracts of Sarcandra glabra to promote the differentiation of megakaryocytes.

Objective To study the protective effect of polydatin on lipopolysaccharide-induced injury of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs)through the protein Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro,and 500 ng/ml LPS induced their injury and set as a model group;based on the model group,endothelial cells were inter-vened with different concentrations(10,20,and 40 μmol/L)of polydatin for 24 h,and set as polydatin low concentration group,polydatin medium concentration group,and polydatin high concentration group,respectively;a control group was set as another group.CCK-8,monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion,scratch and Transwell assays were used to detect cell viability,adhesion,migration and invasive ability;ELISA was used to detect interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels in the cell supernatant;Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway levels of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway relat-ed proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the model group showed decreased cell survival(P＜0.01),increased cell adhesion,migration and invasion(P＜0.001,P＜0.05,P＜0.01),increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant(P＜0.001),and increased levels of phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 pro-teins in the cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,LPS damage to cells was attenuated after polydatin intervention,cell survival was increased in polydatin low-,medium-and high-concentration groups(P＜0.05),cell adhesion,migration,and invasion decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.001),IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cell supernatants decreased(P＜0.05),and the levels of cellular JAK2 and STAT3 protein phosphorylation lev-els decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Polydatin seems to reduce the inflammatory injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by LPS,reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors,and inhibiting the ability of cell ad-hesion,migration and invasion,which may be related to the down-regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway by polydatin.

Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity. However, cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol, plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8

Objective: To analyze the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)exposure and rheumatoid arthritis(RA)based on large sample data. Methods: The RA patients(RA group)and non-RA patients(non-RA group)with complete data were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey Database in the United States(NHANES)(2005—2014). The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between 8 monohydroxylated(OH-)PAH metabolites in the urine and RA. Results: A total of 357 RA patients and 5, 256 non-RA participants were included.After adjusting the confounding factors by logistic analysis, the level of OH-PAHs mixture at the highest quartile(Q4)was associated with increased risk of RA compared with that at the lowest quartile(Q1)(OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.16-2.23). For a single kind of OH-PAHs, the Q4 levels of 1-hydroxynaphthalene(OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.14-2.23), 2-hydroxynaphthalene(OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.19-2.32), 2-hydroxyfluorene(OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.17-2.22), 3-hydroxyfluorene(OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.18-2.27)and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene(OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.00-1.94)were all associated with significantly increased risk of RA compared with the Q1 level(all P<0.05). However, the Q2 level of 1-hydroxypyrene(OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.43-0.83)was related to a decreased incidence of RA(P<0.01). Conclusions OH-PAHs mixed exposure is a risk factor for RA.The association between the level of individual OH-PAH and the rate of RA is bidirectional and is depended on the type and concentration of OH-PAHs.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell transplantation is an effective means of treating chronic liver injury, fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. However, extensive studies have found that only a small number of transplanted cells migrate to the site of injury or lesion, and repair efficacy is very limited. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were generated that overexpressed the erythropoietin (EPO) gene using a lentivirus. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the viability of BM-MSCs after overexpressing EPO. Cell migration and apoptosis were verified using Boyden chamber and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the anti-fibrosis efficacy of EPO-MSCs was evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: EPO overexpression promoted cell viability and migration of BM-MSCs without inducing apoptosis, and EPO-MSC treatment significantly alleviated liver fibrosis in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) induced mouse liver fibrosis model. CONCLUSION EPO-MSCs enhance anti-fibrotic efficacy, with higher cell viability and stronger migration ability compared with treatment with BM-MSCs only. These findings support improving the efficiency of MSCs transplantation as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell transplantation is an effective means of treating chronic liver injury, fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. However, extensive studies have found that only a small number of transplanted cells migrate to the site of injury or lesion, and repair efficacy is very limited. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were generated that overexpressed the erythropoietin (EPO) gene using a lentivirus. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the viability of BM-MSCs after overexpressing EPO. Cell migration and apoptosis were verified using Boyden chamber and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the anti-fibrosis efficacy of EPO-MSCs was evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: EPO overexpression promoted cell viability and migration of BM-MSCs without inducing apoptosis, and EPO-MSC treatment significantly alleviated liver fibrosis in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) induced mouse liver fibrosis model. CONCLUSION EPO-MSCs enhance anti-fibrotic efficacy, with higher cell viability and stronger migration ability compared with treatment with BM-MSCs only. These findings support improving the efficiency of MSCs transplantation as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.

Objective To compare the quality of Rheum palmatum L. in different areas and ages in Gansu Province by comparing five components in Rheum palmatum L. through fingerprints and QAMS (quantitative analysis of multi-components) methods; To determine the most suitable growing areas and the best development areas in Gansu Province. Methods The water content, total ashes, and water-soluble extract content in 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L. from different areas and ages in Gansu Province were determined according to the approaches listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. The contents of five index components were determined through HPLC and the quality of 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L were evaluated by fingerprint and QAMS method. Results The results from 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L. showed that the water content was less than 15％, total ashes less than 10％, and water-soluble extract content less than 25％, conforming to Pharmacopoeia. There were 23 common peaks in the fingerprints of 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L.. Five of them were identified as aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion, which showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.0122–0.7344 μg (r=0.9999), 0.00714–5.7120 μg (r=0.9999), 0.0088–0.7040 μg (r=1.0000), 0.1224–3.6720 μg (r=0.9999) and 0.0148–5.9200 μg (r=0.9997), respectively. There was no significant difference between the calculated value and the measured value by using the relative correction factor (RCF), and the reproducibility of RCF was good. The quality of Rheum palmatum L. from different areas and ages in Gansu Province significantly differed (P<0.05). Two year old Rheum palmatum L. from Pingxiang village of Li county and Rushu village of Tanchang county had the best quality, and that of three years old was better than two years old from Tanchang county. Conclusion The established fingerprints and QAMS method is accurate, feasible, and can be used for the quality comparison of Rheum palmatum L. from different areas and ages in Gansu Province. Li County and Tanchang County areas in Gansu Province can be used as suitable planting areas and development industry. Therefore, it is recommended to select more than two yeas old Rheum palmatum L. from Tanchang County and Li County in Gansu Province for medicinal application.

Purpose To evaluate the correlation between neovascularization in femoral artery plaque and cerebral infarction by using contrast enhanced ultrasound,and to assess the predictive value of femoral artery plaque stability in cerebral infarction and its clinical significance.Materials and Methods Sixty-two patients with femoral artery hypoechoic plaques were retrospectively studied.The patients were divided into cerebral infarction group and control group,and all of them underwent two-dimensional ultrasound and contrast enhanced ultrasound.The parameters such as the maximum thickness,the stenosis rate of cross-sectional area,the enhanced intensity (EI),the area under the curve (AUC) and the grading of the neovascularization in the plaque were detected and compared.Results The EI and AUC of the cerebral infarction group were higher than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Many grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ neovascularizations were found in cerebral infarction group,while the grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ neovascularizations were mostly in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the maximum thickness and stenosis rate of cross-sectional area between the two groups (P＞0.05).The neovascularization grade,EI and AUC in the plaque were positively correlated with cerebral infarction (r=0.331,0.416 and 0.410,P＜0.05).Conclusion ① The chara-cteristics of femoral artery hypoechoic plaques in patients with cerebral infarction are rich of neovascularization and instable by using contrast-enhanced ultrasonic imaging.② The neovascularization of femoral artery hypoechoic plaque has positive correlation with cerebral infarction,which may provide a new method for clinical prediction and prevention of intracranial atherosclerosis.