Objective:To study the effects of the combined application of NaF and Nisin on Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans).Meth-ods:The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of Nisin and NaF against S.mutans was determined by microdilution method respec-tively.The fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC)was calculated by checkerboard method.The inhibition effect of the combination of NaF and Nisin at(NF)the same MIC concentration on acid production and acid resistance of S.mutans was detected.Crystal violet staining was used to detect the effects of NF in the inhibition of the biofilm formation,and the damage and dispersion of the established biofilms.The changes of the biofilms were observed by CLSM.Results:The MIC of NaF and Nisin was 0.6 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL re-spectively.The FIC was 0.75.The 1/8×MIC NF showed significantly higher inhibition on acid production and biofilm formation than 1/4×MIC NaF or Nisin(P＜0.05),but it has no obvious dispersion effect on established biofilms.The 1/2×MIC NF showed stronger in-hibition effect on the acid resistance of S.mutans in the membrane than 1×MIC NaF or Nisin(P＜0.05).At the concentration of 2x MIC,any component didn't cause obvious damage on the established biofilm structure.Conclusion:Nisin and NaF have synergistic in-hibitory effects on the proliferation,acid production,acid resistance and biofilm formation of S.mutans.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preventive application of PEG-rhG-CSF on the prevention of neutropenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with lung cancer.Methods:A total of 149 patients with lung cancer who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy at Peking University Cancer Hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 79 cases in the prevention group, including 48 cases of primary prevention group (preventive application of PEG-rhG-CSF in all concurrent chemoradiotherapy cycles) and 31 cases of secondary prevention group (preventive application of PEG-rhG-CSF in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy cycles after neutropenia occurred). There were 70 cases in non-prevention group. The incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia, the completion rate of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the rate of chemoradiotherapy dose reduction and treatment delay, and the rate of hematological toxicities related hospitalization were compared between the prevention group and the non-prevention group.Results:The incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia in the whole group was 32.2% (48/149), including 6.3% (3/48) in the primary prevention group, 9.7% (3/31) in the secondary prevention group, and 35.7% (25/70) in the non-prevention group. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=17.81, P<0.001) in the incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 3.4% (5/149) in the whole group, but none of them occurred in the primary prevention group. The full completion rate of concurrent chemotherapy was 96.2% (76/79) in the prevention group, which was significantly higher than 82.9% (58/70) in the non-prevention group ( χ2=7.30, P=0.007). The incidence of treatment delayed and dose reduction of chemoradiotherapy was 19.0% (15/79) in the prevention group and 40.0% (28/70) in the non-prevention group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.98, P=0.005). Conclusions:The preventive application of PEG-rhG-CSF can effectively reduce the incidence of neutropenia and better ensure the concurrent chemoradiotherapy in lung cancer patients on schedule.

An on-line HPLC-DPPH system was developed to determine the antioxidant activity of 16 batches of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. By analyzing the chromatographic and biological activity fingerprints of 16 batches of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata, the dose-effect relationship was established and the total antioxidant activity was quantified by activity addition.The results suggested that the online HPLC-DPPH method can evaluate the antioxidant activity of different bathches of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata, with different processing methods, aiming to provide datasupport and scientific basis forquality evaluation of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).Methods:Clinical data of 103 patients with ADPKD first admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 2017 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics of patients in different renal function stages were analyzed, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors reflecting the severity of the disease.Results:Among the 103 patients with ADPKD, there were 49 males (47.6%), aged (51.23±10.99) years old. The extrarenal manifestation was mainly polycystic liver (64/71). The main clinical symptoms were gross hematuria (25 cases, 24.3%), lumbar distend and pain (37 cases, 35.9%) and hypertension (69 cases, 67.0%), appearing in the whole course of the disease. Early treatment was mainly drug conservative treatments (58 cases, 56.3%), followed by renal cyst aspiration (34 cases, 33.0%), and surgical treatments (11 cases, 10.7%). Patients in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 were mainly treated with conservative treatments (28/34). Laboratory examination results showed that hemoglobin, platelet, lymphocyte percentage and albumin in CKD stage 4-5 were lower than those in CKD stage 1-3 (all P<0.05) ; prothrombin time (PT), PT-international standardized ratio and plasma osmotic concentration in CKD stage 4-5 were higher than those in CKD stage 1-3 (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hemoglobin ( β=0.249, P=0.005), platelet ( β=0.207, P=0.005), lymphocyte percentage ( β=0.305, P<0.001) and plasma osmotic concentration ( β=-0.362, P<0.001) were correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of ADPKD patients are hypertension, lumbar distend and pain, and gross hematuria, which can run through the whole stage of CKD. Polycystic liver is more common in extrarenal system. Hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocyte percentage and concentration osmotic concentration may be related to the disease progression of ADPKD.

Clinical data of 43 patients who underwent endoscopic resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) of length ≤1.2 cm at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of the 909th Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the endoscopic ligation resection (ELR) group ( n=27) and the endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE) group ( n=16). The general, perioperative and follow-up data of the two groups were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the general data between the two groups. The operation time was 20.0 (18.0,25.0) min in the ELR group and 27.5 (23.0,37.5) min in the ESE group, showing significant difference ( U=92.5, P=0.001). The en bloc resection rates were 100.0% (27/27) in the ELR group and 81.3% (13/16) in the ESE group, showing significant difference ( P=0.045). The postoperative hospital stays were 3 (2,4) days in the ELR group and 5 (4,6) days in the ESE group, showing significant difference ( U=125.5, P=0.020). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative bleeding rate, intraoperative hemorrhage volume, intraoperative perforation rate, number of hemostatic clips or postoperative complications including hemorrhage, fever and peritonitis between the two groups ( P>0.05). During the follow-up, there was no recurrence or metastasis of GIST in both groups. ELR and ESE can be safe and effective for small GIST ≤1.2 cm in diameter. Compared with the ESE group, the operation time and postoperative hospital stay are shorter with higher en bloc resection rate in the ELR group.

Objective To explore the association between lipid profiles and left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese general population. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the relationship between lipid markers [including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein[a], and composite lipid profiles] and left ventricular hypertrophy. A total of 309,400 participants of two populations (one from Beijing and another from nationwide) who underwent physical examinations at different health management centers between 2009 and 2018 in China were included in the cross-sectional study. 7,475 participants who had multiple physical examinations and initially did not have left ventricular hypertrophy constituted a longitudinal cohort to analyze the association between lipid markers and the new-onset of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was measured by echocardiography and defined as an end-diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum or left ventricle posterior wall > 11 mm. The Logistic regression model was used in the cross-sectional study. Cox model and Cox model with restricted cubic splines were used in the longitudinal cohort. Results In the cross-sectional study, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [odds ratio (OR): 1.250, 95％CI: 1.060 to 1.474], HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0.780, 95％CI: 0.662 to 0.918), and lipoprotein(a) (OR: 1.311, 95％CI: 1.115 to 1.541) had an association with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the longitudinal cohort, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker at the baseline compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [hazard ratio (HR): 3.277, 95％CI: 1.720 to 6.244], HDL-cholesterol (HR: 0.516, 95％CI: 0.283 to 0.940), non-HDL-cholesterol (HR: 2.309, 95％CI: 1.296 to 4.112), apolipoprotein B (HR: 2.244, 95％CI: 1.251 to 4.032) showed an association with new-onset left ventricular hypertrophy. In the Cox model with forward stepwise selection, triglycerides were the only lipid markers entered into the final model. Conclusion Lipids levels, especially triglycerides, are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Controlling triglycerides level potentiate to be a strategy in harnessing cardiac remodeling but deserve to be further investigated.

A questionnaire was used to investigate the emergency training needs of novel coronavirus pneumonia of disease prevention and control institutions in provinces, deputy provincial level regions and cities specifically designated in the state plan, and the effect evaluation of emergency training activities conducted by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). The results showed that 67.4% of 47 disease prevention and control institutions (31/46) believed that the emergency training at the initial stage of the epidemic should be conducted as soon as possible, and the form of network training should be given priority. The training should focus on the urgently needed technologies such as epidemiological investigation, formulation and response of prevention and control strategies, laboratory testing, etc. The teaching materials should highlight pertinence and practicability and be presented in the form of electronic video. The average satisfaction score of the video training conducted by China CDC was (8.81±1.125) and the score of audio-video courseware was (8.97±0.893). The needs analysis and evaluation of novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control in disease prevention and control institutions could provide reference for the follow-up training and improve the emergency training management.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Pneumonia/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of sphincter-preserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with consolidation chemotherapy in the interval period or total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for low rectal cancer.Methods:A descriptive case series study was carried out. Clinical data of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer (LALRC) who achieved complete clinical response (cCR) or nearly cCR (near-cCR) after nCRT at the Department of Colorectal Surgery of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from May 2015 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Case inclusion criteria: (1) Low rectal adenocarcinoma within 6 cm from the anal verge. (2) After nCRT, tumor presented markedly regression as mucosal nodule or abnormalities, superficial ulcer, scar or a mucosal erythema (< 2 cm); no regional lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis was found in rectal ultrasonography, pelvic MRI and PET-CT; MRI showed obvious fibrosis in the original tumor site; and post-treatment CEA was normal. (3) The patient and the family members adhered to receive the transanal full-thickness local excision with informed consent. (4) When the residual lesions were difficult to detect after nCRT, patients received the watch and wait (W&W) strategy. Exclusion criteria: (1) Before nCRT, pathological results showed poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell carcinoma; lateral lymph node metastasis was suspected. (2) When the residual lesion size was more than 3 cm after nCRT, it was difficult to perform local excision. The consolidation nCRT group received 3-4 cycles of CAPOX regimen (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) or six cycles of mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil) combined with the long-course radiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiation therapy with a total dose of 50.4Gy). Patients with concurrent chemotherapy more than or equal to five cycles of CAPOX or eight cycles of mFOLFOX6 were defined as total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) group. Local resection was recommended for patients who were near-cCR according to modified MSKCC criteria 8-33 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Patients with a near-cCR, who were judged as ycN0 according to PET-CT and MRI and were ypT0 after local excision, could enter the W&W strategy. Patients with pathologic stage more advanced than ypT1, and those with positive resection margin, or lymphovascular invasion were recommended for salvage radical surgery after local excision. The ypT1 patients with a negative resection margin and without lymphovascular invasion might receive the W&W management carefully if they refused radicalsurgery to sacrifice the sphincter for low rectal cancer.Results:Of 32 patients, 14 were males and 18 were females with the average age of 59 years old. Twenty-three patients underwent consolidation nCRT, and 9 received TNT. The first evaluation after treatments showed 19 cases with cCR and 13 with near-cCR. Twenty-nine patients received local excision while 3 patients with undetectable lesions received W&W policy. Four cases (12.5%) underwent salvage radical surgery with abdominoperineal resection. After local excision, 3 cases underwent salvage radical surgery immediately, and the final pathologic result was ypT3N0, ypT2N0, and ypT2N0 respectively, of whom 2 cases were in the group of consolidation CRT and 1 was in the TNT group. Of these 3 cases, 1 case with an initial cT3 stage showed a pathologic stage of ypT1 and a negative circumferential resection margin after consolidation nCRT and local excision, however, the final pathologic stage was ypT3 with fragmented tumor deposits in the mesorectum after the salvage radical surgery. Meanwhile 1 patient in the TNT group receiving W&W suffered from intraluminal regrowth after 7.4 months follow-up and underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection. One patient in the consolidation nCRT group died of stroke 42.5 months after local resection. Another patient in the TNT group had cerebral metastasis 10 months after the W&W policy, but no local recurrence was found in the pelvic cavity, then received resection of the metastatic tumors. The average follow-up for all the patients was 23 (5-51) months. The cumulative local regrowth rate was 5.0%. The overall survival rate was 85.7%, and the sphincter-preservation rate was increased from 25.0% (28/32) in the original plan to 87.5% (28/32) actually. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 89.7%. The 3-year organ-preserving survival rate was 85.7%, and the 3-year stoma-free survival rate was 82.5%. At present, 31 patients still survived.Conclusions:After nCRT with consolidation chemotherapy or TNT for low rectal cancer, patients with cCR, ycN0 according to PET-CT and MRI, and ypT0 after local excision, can consider the W&W strategy. Strict patient selection with a near-cCR for local resection and sphincter-preserving strategy can reduce the local regrowth of cancer, and the short-term outcomes are satisfactory.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of sphincter-preserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with consolidation chemotherapy in the interval period or total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for low rectal cancer.Methods:A descriptive case series study was carried out. Clinical data of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer (LALRC) who achieved complete clinical response (cCR) or nearly cCR (near-cCR) after nCRT at the Department of Colorectal Surgery of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from May 2015 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Case inclusion criteria: (1) Low rectal adenocarcinoma within 6 cm from the anal verge. (2) After nCRT, tumor presented markedly regression as mucosal nodule or abnormalities, superficial ulcer, scar or a mucosal erythema (< 2 cm); no regional lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis was found in rectal ultrasonography, pelvic MRI and PET-CT; MRI showed obvious fibrosis in the original tumor site; and post-treatment CEA was normal. (3) The patient and the family members adhered to receive the transanal full-thickness local excision with informed consent. (4) When the residual lesions were difficult to detect after nCRT, patients received the watch and wait (W&W) strategy. Exclusion criteria: (1) Before nCRT, pathological results showed poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell carcinoma; lateral lymph node metastasis was suspected. (2) When the residual lesion size was more than 3 cm after nCRT, it was difficult to perform local excision. The consolidation nCRT group received 3-4 cycles of CAPOX regimen (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) or six cycles of mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil) combined with the long-course radiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiation therapy with a total dose of 50.4Gy). Patients with concurrent chemotherapy more than or equal to five cycles of CAPOX or eight cycles of mFOLFOX6 were defined as total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) group. Local resection was recommended for patients who were near-cCR according to modified MSKCC criteria 8-33 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Patients with a near-cCR, who were judged as ycN0 according to PET-CT and MRI and were ypT0 after local excision, could enter the W&W strategy. Patients with pathologic stage more advanced than ypT1, and those with positive resection margin, or lymphovascular invasion were recommended for salvage radical surgery after local excision. The ypT1 patients with a negative resection margin and without lymphovascular invasion might receive the W&W management carefully if they refused radicalsurgery to sacrifice the sphincter for low rectal cancer.Results:Of 32 patients, 14 were males and 18 were females with the average age of 59 years old. Twenty-three patients underwent consolidation nCRT, and 9 received TNT. The first evaluation after treatments showed 19 cases with cCR and 13 with near-cCR. Twenty-nine patients received local excision while 3 patients with undetectable lesions received W&W policy. Four cases (12.5%) underwent salvage radical surgery with abdominoperineal resection. After local excision, 3 cases underwent salvage radical surgery immediately, and the final pathologic result was ypT3N0, ypT2N0, and ypT2N0 respectively, of whom 2 cases were in the group of consolidation CRT and 1 was in the TNT group. Of these 3 cases, 1 case with an initial cT3 stage showed a pathologic stage of ypT1 and a negative circumferential resection margin after consolidation nCRT and local excision, however, the final pathologic stage was ypT3 with fragmented tumor deposits in the mesorectum after the salvage radical surgery. Meanwhile 1 patient in the TNT group receiving W&W suffered from intraluminal regrowth after 7.4 months follow-up and underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection. One patient in the consolidation nCRT group died of stroke 42.5 months after local resection. Another patient in the TNT group had cerebral metastasis 10 months after the W&W policy, but no local recurrence was found in the pelvic cavity, then received resection of the metastatic tumors. The average follow-up for all the patients was 23 (5-51) months. The cumulative local regrowth rate was 5.0%. The overall survival rate was 85.7%, and the sphincter-preservation rate was increased from 25.0% (28/32) in the original plan to 87.5% (28/32) actually. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 89.7%. The 3-year organ-preserving survival rate was 85.7%, and the 3-year stoma-free survival rate was 82.5%. At present, 31 patients still survived.Conclusions:After nCRT with consolidation chemotherapy or TNT for low rectal cancer, patients with cCR, ycN0 according to PET-CT and MRI, and ypT0 after local excision, can consider the W&W strategy. Strict patient selection with a near-cCR for local resection and sphincter-preserving strategy can reduce the local regrowth of cancer, and the short-term outcomes are satisfactory.

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of aspirin on the growth and autoghagy of human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and BGC-823. METHODS： SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were selected as research objects， with phosphate buffer （PBS） as negative control treated for 48 h， MTT assay was used to detect the effects of 1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10 mmol/L aspirin， 5 mmol/L aspirin alone or combined with 2.5 μmol/L chloroquine， 2.5 μmol/L 3-methyladenine （3-MA） on survival rate of gastric cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of 2 and 5 mmol/L aspirin， 5 mmol/L aspirin alone or combined with 2.5 μmol/L chloroquine and 2.5 μmol/L 3-MA on the apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution of gastric cancer cells. Hoechst33258 staining was used to observe the effects of 5 mmol/L aspirin on morphology of gastric cancer cell nucleus； Transwell chamber test was adopted to detect the effects of 5 mmol/L aspirin on the migration of gastric cancer cell. Laser confocal scanning microscopy was used to observe the effects of 5 mmol/L aspirin on autophagy formation in gastric cancer cells. Western blot method was used to detect the effects of 2 and 5 mmol/L aspirin on the protein expression of autophagy markers LC3-Ⅱin gastric cancer cells. RESULTS： Compared with negative control group， aspirin could inhibit the survival rates of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells in dose-dependent manner， but had no significant effects on apoptosis rate of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells； SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were blocked in G1 phase. Compared with aspirin alone group， the survival rates of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 were increased significantly after treated with aspirin+chloroquine and aspirin+3-MA， while the distribution rate of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells at G1 phase were decreased significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with negative control group， there were no obvious DNA fragmentation fragments， apoptotic bodies and fragments of dense bright blue， while the number of migration cells were decreased significantly in SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells after treated with aspirin （P＜0.001）； the number of autophagosome was increased significantly and the protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was enhanced significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Aspirin can significantly inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells， and arrest cell cycle in G1 phase， the mechanism of which may be associated with the activation of autophagy.