Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective To investigate the effect of proanthocyanidins(PC)on the neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons.Methods In vitro,primary rat DRG neurons were cultured wtih a series of concenteation of PC to assess the effect of PC on the number and length of neurites as well as the morphology of growth cone.In vivo,the expression of growth associated protein 43(GAP43)in the early stage of injury was detected using the sciatic nerve crush model.Finally,the impact of PC on nerve growth factor(NGF)expression in DRG neurons was evaluated in vitro using immunofluorescence and ELISA.Results PC significantly increased the number and length of neurites and the number of pseudopodium in growth cones of DRG neurons.PC also promoted the expres-sion of GAP43 in the early stage of sciatic nerve injury in rats and enhanced the expression of NGF in DRG neurons.Conclusion PC may promote the neurite outgrowth by increasing the expression of NGF in DRG neurons.

Objective To study the mechanism of Chufeng Yisun Decoction in the treatment of corneal injury based on network pharmacology combined with experimental validation.Methods The active components and targets of Chufeng Yisun Decoction were obtained from TCMSP and TCMID databases.Related targets of corneal injury were searched through GeneCards,OMIM,TTD and NCBI-Gene databases.Chinese materia medica-active components-key target network was established.The main active components of Chufeng Yisun Decoction for the treatment of corneal injury were analyzed.The core targets were predicted through PPI network.CCK-8 method was used to screen the optimal concentration of serum containing Chufeng Yisun Decoction for promoting cell growth.Western blot was used to detect autophagy related protein expressions of LC3,LAMP1 and ERK2.Results The main active components of Chufeng Yisun Decoction in the treatment of corneal injury were kaempferol,wogonin,quercetin and paeoniflorin.The core targets were AKT1,TP53,MAPK1,JUN and TNF.The intervention of serum containing Chufeng Yisun Decoction on human corneal fibroblasts could increase the LC3I/LC3II ratio and LAMP1 protein expression,while decrease ERK2 protein expression,which was consistent with the prediction of network pharmacology.Conclusion Chufeng Yisun Decoction treats corneal injury through multiple components,targets and pathways.The mechanism of promoting autophagy therapy for corneal injury is achieved by down-regulating the expression of ERK2 and up-regulating the expression of LC3 and LAMP1.

An elderly female patient was admitted to Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital on May 4, 2023, due to recurrent cough for 4 years and aggravation with fever for 6 days. Chest CT showed bronchiectasis with pulmonary infection. Sputum smear microscopy indicated the possibility of Nocardia, and sputum fungal culture revealed Aspergillus fumigatus. After several days of anti- Nocardia and anti- Aspergillus fumigatus treatment, the patient′s inflammatory index decreased but she still had a low-grade fever. Effective communication between the laboratory and clinicians facilitated the culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the detection of metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The patient made progress after receiving anti-infection treatment for three suspected pathogenic bacteria- Nocardia amamiensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Aspergillus fumigatus-detected by the above methods. For the diagnosis of coinfection, the combination of multiple methods can improve the accuracy of pathogen identification, thereby better guiding clinical treatment.

自噬是细胞内一种高度保守的生理过程，可通过溶酶体系统降解过量或受损的细胞器、有毒的蛋白聚集体和病原体等。最新研究表明，海马钙素样1（HPCAL1）可作为特异性自噬受体和铁死亡的正调节因子。HPCAL1可选择性降解钙粘素2（CDH2），加速脂质过氧化，促进癌细胞铁死亡。iHPCAL1是抑制HPCAL1的小分子化合物，可抑制Erastin诱导的肿瘤细胞铁死亡。此外，它还可以抑制铁死亡诱导的急性胰腺炎。本文通过对HPCAL1在铁死亡中的具体作用机制进行概述，为HPCAL1作为铁死亡相关疾病的潜在治疗靶点提供新思路和理论依据。
Ferroptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Autophagy

Objective:To analyze the gene mutation, clinical manifestations and prognosis of children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and to provide reference for the treatment of hereditary SRNS in children.Methods:The clinical data of 29 patients with SRNS and whole exon sequencing (WES) diagnosed in Xi′an Children′s Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In 29 cases of SRNS with genetic testing, 10 cases (34.5%) were gene mutations, including 2 cases of congenital nephrotic syndrome. The onset age of the patients with gene mutation ranged from 0.1 to 10.7(4.06±3.73)years, and the median age of onset was 3.3 years. The clinical type was mainly nephritis (8/10), and the pathological type was mainly focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (5/7). The main mutant genes were NPHS1 (2 cases), NPHS2 (2 cases), WT1 (2 cases), SMARCAL1 (1 case), COQ8B (1 case), TRPC6 (1 case) and COL4A3 gene (1 case). The main types of genetic variation were missense mutations, and 6 (60%) cases were new mutations that had never been reported in the database containing human pathogenic mutations before. Compared with the non-gene mutation group, 24 hour urinary protein was higher [(177.92±164.59)mg/(kg·24 h) vs (84.99±40.79)mg/(kg·24 h)] in gene mutation group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). In the gene mutation group, there were 2 cases of complete remission, including 1 case of complete remission treated with coenzyme Q10, 1 case of partial remission, and 8 cases of immunosuppression treatment, with an effective rate of 2/8, while in the non-gene mutation group, the effective rate of immunosuppression treatment was 17/19, with statistically significant difference in prognosis between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The pathological type of children with hereditary SRNS is mainly FSGS, which are often ineffective to immunosuppressive therapy, poor prognosis and easy to progress to end-stage renal disease. Gene detection is of great significance for etiological diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation in children with SRNS.