ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the epidemiological trends of birth defects in perinatal infants in Fengxian District, Shanghai from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide a scientific evidence for the formulation of related prevention and control strategies. MethodsBased on the data from the National Birth Defects Surveillance System, statistical analysis was conducted on the perinatal birth defects from monitored hospitals within the region from 2018 to 2022. ResultsFrom 2018 to 2022, a total of 20 870 perinatal infants delivered in the monitored hospitals in Fengxian District, with 472 cases with birth defects, showing a significant increase in the prevalence of birth defects (PRR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.39‒1.59). The risk of birth defects increased with maternal age, especially for advanced maternal age (PRR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.12‒2.25). Infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes had a higher prevalence of birth defects compared to those without gestational diabetes (PRR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.46‒2.70). Infants with birth defects were more likely to be born prematurely (PRR=2.07, 95%CI:1.56‒2.76). The top three types of birth defects were congenital heart disease (CHD), other anomalies of the external ear, and polydactyly. ConclusionThe prevalence of birth defects in Fengxian District monitored hospitals showed an upward trend from 2018 to 2022. Advanced maternal age and gestational diabetes were identified as risk factors for birth defects. CHD is the leading type of birth defect in Fengxian District over the five-year period. To reduce the prevalence of birth defects, it is crucial to implement comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for CHD.

Phakic intraocular lens implantation has become one of the important means of correcting refractive errors today. Among them,the implantable collamer lens(ICL)is favored for its wide range of correction, excellent optical quality, and high safety, but the risks of postoperative complications such as glaucoma and anterior subcapsular opacification still exist. Vault is an important indicator for evaluating the safety after ICL implantation, and its ideal state is crucial for preventing complications. Studies have shown that iris morphology has a significant impact on vault. In order to further optimize surgical outcomes and improve surgical safety, this review comprehensively reviews the research progress of iris-related parameters in ICL implantation and discusses the importance of various parameters in preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up.

Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in Nanning Zhuang blood donors by measuring the concentration of plasma IgA. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the absorbance of 2 000 plasma samples from Zhuang blood donors. The IgA concentration in samples was calculated using the ELISA Calc regression/fitting technology program. Results: The standard curve demonstrated that ELISA detection of plasma IgA concentration exhibited good precision. The frequency of IgA deficiency was 0/2 000. No statistically significant difference in the distribution of IgA concentration was observed between males and females (P>0.05). The distribution of IgA concentration varied significantly across age groups: younger individuals (18-39 years old) had lower plasma IgA levels (mg/dL) compared to older individuals (40-56 years old): 5-89.99 mg/dL group, 8.80% (176/2 000) vs 17.20% (344/2 000); 90-450 mg/dL group,20.65% (413/2 000) vs 51.20% (1 024/2 000); >450 mg/dL group, 0.45%, (9/2 000) vs 1.70% (34/2 000), P<0.05. No significant difference in IgA concentration was found among different ABO blood types in Zhuang blood donors (P>0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and IgA concentration (R =0.114, P<0.05). Conclusion: No individuals with IgA deficiency were screened out among the Zhuang blood donors in Nanning area, and plasma IgA levels progressively increase with age.

Objective: To analyze the implementation status and challenges of sex education in special education schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective promotion strategies. Methods: From November 2023 to January 2024, a census survey was conducted among 120 in service teachers from 7 special education schools in Luzhou. The questionnaire covered the current status of sex education in schools, teachers attitudes and knowledge toward sex education, and their coping methods for students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Results: About 77.5% of teachers reported having provided sex education to students, but 93.2% indicated a lack of specialized sex education textbooks for special children, 90.4% reported no full time teachers for sex education, and the methods of sex education were relatively limited (50.0% mainly based on lecture method). Nearly 95.8% of teachers held a positive attitude toward sex education, with 98.3% supporting its implementation. Only 26.7% of teachers demonstrated a good grasp of sex education knowledge, with the best understood topic being "recognition and protection of private parts" (21.6%). When dealing with students inappropriate sexual behaviors, the active response rate of teachers was 23.9%, with the highest active response rate observed for "intentionally hugging or kissing the opposite sex" (39.7%). Conclusions The special education schools in Luzhou lack comprehensive sex education curricula, teaching materials and full time teachers, sufficient knowledge among teachers, and adequate proactive responses to students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on sex education for special children, including the training of dedicated teachers, to provide comprehensive and high quality sex education services for special children.

Objective:To construct an anticipatory grief intervention scheme for family caregivers of advanced cancer patients based on narrative theory, and to provide reference for anticipatory grief nursing intervention.Methods:From October 2022 to May 2023, through literature research, semi-structured interview and brainstorming method, the first draft of nursing intervention plan was constructed, the Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of correspondence consultation with 15 experts, and the indicators at all levels were modified according to the opinions of experts, and the final draft of intervention plan was formed.Results:The experts were all female, aged (49.67 ± 5.83) years old. The authority coefficient of the two rounds of experts was 0.87. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the first, second, and third level indicators after the first round of expert inquiry were 0.195, 0.113, and 0.093, respectively. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the first, second, and third level indicators after the second round of expert inquiry were 0.200, 0.119, and 0.101, respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 8.76-107.21, all P<0.05).Finally, a nursing intervention plan based on narrative theory was formed, which included 4 primary indicators, 19 secondary indicators and 72 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The anticipatory grief intervention scheme for family caregivers of advanced cancer patients is scientific, practical and feasible, and can be used for psychological nursing of family caregivers.

【Objective】 To analyze the overall situation and main influencing factors of adverse reactions of blood donation of apheresis platelet donors in China by systematic review, and to provide basis for preventing and controlling adverse reactions of platelet donation and improving the quality of blood donation service. 【Methods】 CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, Pubmed and Embase databases were searched to collect cross-section studies on adverse reactions of platelet donation in China. The observation period was ≥6 months, and the retrieval time was from 1998 to March 2023. The studies were independently screened by 2 evaluators according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and literature quality evaluation were carried out, and meta analysis was performed by Stata 14.0 software. 【Results】 A total of 91 literature involving 585 769 apheresis platelet donors were included, and 9 102 of them had adverse reactions. Random effect model meta-analysis showed that the total incidence of adverse reactions of platelet donation was 2.65% [95% CI(2.04, 3.45), P<0.000 1]. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of platelet donation adverse reactions in the eastern, central and western regions were 2.63% [95% CI(1.94, 3.58)], 2.32% [95% CI(1.29, 4.16)] and 4.10% [95% CI(1.90, 8.83)], respectively, with regional differences (P<0. 000 1). The incidence of adverse reactions of different degrees was 3.62% [95% CI (2.69, 4.86)] for non-severe and 0.28% [95% CI(0.18, 0.45)] for severe. The incidence of adverse reactions of blood donation was also different among different apheresis instruments (P<0. 000 1): Amicus 2.73% [95% CI(1.23, 6.06)], CS3000 series 3.59% [95% CI(2.64, 4.89)], MCS+ series 3.42% [95% CI(2.23, 5.25)], Trima 4.86% [95% CI(3.08, 7.66)], other groups 1.71% [95%CI (0.15, 20.02)]. In addition, the incidence of adverse reactions was 4.80% [95% CI(3.05, 7.55)] in females and 1.39% [95% CI(0.90, 2.15)] in males, with the incidence in females higher than that in males (P<0.000 1). The adverse reactions of platelet donors under 30 years old and over 30 years old were 2.31% [95% CI(1.34, 3.98)] and 1.95% [95% CI(1.19, 3.20)], respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions of blood donation for first-time donors and repeat donors was 2.16% [(95%CI (1.18, 3.95)] and 1.12% [(95% CI(0.35, 3.58)], with the former higher than the latter(P<0.000 1). The incidence of adverse reactions for single and double platelet collection was 1.67% [95% CI(0.57, 4.89)] and 3.13% [95% CI(1.11, 8.86)] respectively, with no significant difference(P>0.01). 【Conclusion】 It′s suggested to unify the monitoring standards of adverse reactions of apheresis platelet donation, understand and master the factors that affect the adverse reactions of apheresis platelet donors, so as to improve the quality of apheresis platelet donation service and ensure the safety of donations.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingxuan Zhike granules in improving cough symptoms and shortening the course of influenza (wind-heat invading lung) in children.Methods:In this multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial, a total of 240 outpatient influenza patients from 7 hospitals, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from April 2023 to December 2023 were collected.The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group via SAS software using the block randomization method.The differences between two groups were compared with t test, corrected t test and χ2 test.Subjects in the control group were given Oseltamivir phosphate granules, orally, twice a day (weight ≤15 kg, 30 mg/time; weight >15-23 kg, 45 mg/time; weight >23-40 kg, 60 mg/time; weight >40 kg, 75 mg/time; age≥13 years, 75 mg/time).In addition to Oseltamivir phosphate granules, subjects in the experimental group were also given Qingxuan Zhike granules, orally, 3 times a day (1-3 years old, 1/2 bag each time; >3-6 years old, 3/4 bag each time; >6-14 years old, 1 bag each time).After 5 days of treatment, the medication was suspended for 2 days.The effect of cough, antipyretic effect, clinical recovery rate, clinical recovery time, Canadian Acute Respiratory Illness and Flu Scale (CARIFS) score, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome effect, complication rate, and adverse reactions were evaluated between the two groups. Results:Finally, 232 cases were included in the study, including 115 cases in the experimental group and 117 cases in the control group.Before and after treatment, there were no significant difference in CARIFS cough score between the experimental group and the control group (all P>0.05).After treatment, the change in CARIFS cough score in the experimental group [(-1.00±0.91) scores]was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.75±0.98) scores] ( t=-1.995, P=0.047).After treatment, the change in TCM syndrome cough score in the experimental group [(-1.69±1.51) scores] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.97±1.63) scores] ( t′=-0.035, P=0.001).The time of complete regression of fever in the experimental group [(44.82±22.72) h] was shorter than that in the control group [(51.35±27.07) h], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-1.966, P=0.050).The fever score showed that the area under the curve between the CARIFS symptom fever score and time in the experimental group was 4.40±2.42, while that in the control group was 5.12±2.44, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.252, P=0.025).The clinical recovery rate was 93.91%(108/115) in the experimental group and 92.31%(108/117) in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.233, P>0.05).The clinical recovery time in the experimental group [(2.93±1.21) d] was shorter than that in the control group [(3.29±1.15) d], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.279, P=0.024).After treatment, there was a significant difference in TCM syndrome score variation between the experimental group [(-12.00±4.13) scores] and the control group [(-10.85±4.31) scores] ( t′=-2.067, P=0.040).No complication occurred in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups ( χ2=1.299, P>0.05). Conclusions:Qingxuan Zhike granules combined with Oseltamivir phosphate can effectively improve the cough symptoms associated with influenza in children, shorten the time and course of fever, and improve the TCM syndrome score; thus, they are safe in clinical application.

Objective:To evaluate the regeneration and biomechanical property recovery of semitendinosus tendon(ST)/gracilis tendon(GT) after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using shear wave elastorgraphy (SWE) combined with high-frequency ultrasound(HFUS).Methods:Twenty-five patients who underwent ST/GT autograft reconstruction after ACL rupture at the People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2020 to June 2022 were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent HFUS, SWE and flexion strength assessment at pre-operation and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months postoperatively. The morphology, length, cross-sectional area and SWE of ST/GT and flexion strength of knee were recorded at each time point. Repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to compare the cross-sectional area and elasticity value of regenerated ST/GT at different time points. Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the elasticity value of regenerated ST/GT and flexion strength.Results:The regeneration rates of ST/GT after being harvested for ACL reconstruction were 88% and 92%. The length of the regenerated ST/GT were shorter than before operation(both P<0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the cross-sectional area of regenerated ST/GT, both in terms of time effect and inter-group effect ( F=27.264, 28.980; both P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the interaction effect ( F=0.670, P=0.652). The cross-sectional area of regenerated ST/GT was the largest at 3 months postoperatively ( P<0.05), and restored to the preoperative level at 12 and 24 months postoperatively (both P>0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the elasticity values of the regenerated ST/GT were significantly different in terms of time effect, group effect, and interaction effect ( F=265.402, 33.015, 11.475; all P<0.001). The elasticity of regenerated ST/GT post-operation gradually increased over time. The flexion strength level of knee gradually improved post-operation(χ 2=34.83, P<0.001). The elasticity values of the regenerated ST and GT showed significant positive correlations with the flexion strength ( rs=0.755, 0.761; both P<0.001). Conclusions:HFUS discovers that most of ST/GT can be regenerated after being harvested for ACL reconstruction. The flexion strength and elasticity value of regenerated tendon recover gradually with time. It is suggested that the SWE can predict the recovery of biomechanical property of regenerated ST/GT.

Cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity(CTR-CVT)is gradually becoming a critical factor affecting the prognosis of cancer survivors.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and its receptor inhibitors(VEGFIs),developed as novel anti-cancer drugs targeting VEGF,are now widely used in clinical practice.They can extend the survival period of the cancer patients and improve the prognosis of the patients.However,the hypertension induced by VEGFIs,as the most common CTR-CVT,may limit and impact their use and leads to severe cardiovascular diseases(CVD).It is essential to closely monitor blood pressure in the cancer patients treated with VEGFIs,conduct early assessments,and optimize the management to achieve the best anti-cancer efficacy and minimize the risk of CTR-CVT.This review discusses the clinical manifestations,pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment strategies of VEGFIs-related hypertension,in order to provide better guidances for managing and addressing VEGFIs-related hypertension for the clinicians.

Lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]is a highly polymorphic lipoprotein molecule composed of apolipoprotein A(apo A),apo B100,and cholesterol ester core;calcific aortic valve stenosis(CAVS)is a multifactorial valvular heart disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors.Lp(a)is an independent risk factor for CAVS and can increase the onset risk of CAVS.Lp(a)plays an important role in the treatment of CAVS.Although surgery is currently the main clinical treatment for CAVS,with further exploration into its pathological mechanism,drug therapy targeting Lp(a)has emerged as a new method.This paper reviews studies about the structure and characteristics of Lp(a),its role in the occurrence and development of CAVS,treatment options related to hyperlipoprotein Aemia,and the studies preventing and treating CAVS by combating inflammation,and enhances the clinicians'understanding and awareness of hyperlipoprotein Aemia and provides new insights for the prevention and targeted drug therapy of CAVS.