Objective To explore the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of difficult airway during labor and delivery through grading changes of Mallampati test (MT). Methods A total of 354 primiparous women who delivered at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from October 2020 to April 2021 were enrolled and categorized into low BMI, normal BMI, and high BMI groups based on pre-pregnancy BMI. Changes in MT grading were analyzed during early labor, postpartum (20 minutes to 1 hour after placental delivery), and 48 hours postpartum. A multifactor logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors increased MT grading postpartum. Results Among the 354 participants, 97 (27.4%) exhibited increased MT grading postpartum, with the proportion of women classified as MT grade 3-4 rising from 39 (11.0%) during early labor to 77 (21.8%) postpartum. By 48 hours postpartum, the number of women with MT grade 3-4 decreased to 21 (5.9%). Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that low pre-pregnancy BMI (vs high BMI: OR＝2.15, 95%CI 1.02-4.53, P＝0.045) and snoring history during pregnancy (OR＝2.32, 95% CI 1.38-3.90, P＝0.001) were independent risk factors for postpartum MT grading elevation. Conclusions MT grading might increase postpartum in parturients, with low pre-pregnancy BMI and prenatal snoring history identified as significant risk factors for elevated MT grading after delivery.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the pregnancy outcomes during frozen-thawed embryo transfer(FET)cycles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients'data from 882 FET cycles.According to the pregnancy outcome,the patients were divided into non-implantation group(Group A),abortion group(Group B1)and live birth group(Group B2).Clinical data and laboratory parameters were compared among the three groups,and ordered Logistic regression analysis was used to study the factors influencing pregnancy outcomes after FET.Patients were also divided into four groups(C1-C4)based on the number of high-quality embryos obtained(0-3,4-6,7-10,≥11),and their clinical data and laboratory parameters were compared.Results The clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate,and miscar-riage rate in the 882 treatment cycles were 71.09%(627/882),61.68%(544/882),and 13.24%(83/627),respectively.Single-factor analysis showed significant differences in body mass index(BMI),infertility type,hu-man chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)day estradiol(E2)level,number of retrieved oocytes,and number of high-quality embryos among Groups A,B1,and B2(P<0.05).Further multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.001-1.093,P=0.044)and a history of previous pregnancy(OR=1.417,95%CI:1.030-1.950,P=0.032)were independent risk factors for successful FET in PCOS patients,while an in-creased number of high-quality embryos was an independent protective factor for successful pregnancy.Based on the results of Group B2,compared to Group A,OR=0.920,95%CI:0.880-0.962,P=0.000;compared to Group B1,OR=0.923,95%CI:0.862-0.988,P=0.022.Compared with the other three groups(C1-C3),the total amount of gonadotropin(Gn)in the C4 group was the lowest and the number of oocytes obtained was the high-est(P<0.05).Multiple comparisons showed that Group C4 had lower BMI,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),very low-density lipoprotein(vLDL)levels,a higher luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone(LH/FSH)ratio compared to Group C1(P<0.05).Group C4 had lower fasting insulin(FINS)and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)levels compared to Group C3,and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)and apolipoprotein A1(Apo A1)levels compared to Groups C2 and C3(P<0.05).Con-clusion BMI,the history of previous pregnancy and the number of high-quality embryos were both independent factors for predicting pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients undergoing FET cycles.Patients with a higher number of high-quality embryos have a higher clinical pregnancy rate during FET cycles.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between genetic polymorphism of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) and susceptibility to occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL). Methods A total of 229 ONIHL workers were selected as the case group and 229 healthy workers with similar age, years of noise exposure, and noise exposure levels were selected as the control group using the case-control study method. Occupational health examinations were conducted on both groups, and peripheral blood of individuals was collected for DNA extraction. The genotypes of three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HSP70 were detected using the MassArray system. Results The allele frequency distribution of HSP70 rs2227956, rs1043618, and rs1061581 in the control group was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (all P>0.05). The genotype and allele frequency distribution of rs2227956 was significantly different between the two groups (all P<0.05), while no significant difference was found for rs1043618 and rs1061581 (all P>0.05). After adjusting for age, years of noise exposure, individual noise exposure level, smoking, and drinking, individuals with AG and AG+GG genotypes of rs2227956 had a higher risk of ONIHL than those with AA genotype (all P<0.05). The risk of ONIHL was higher in individuals with G allele of rs2227956 than in those with A allele (P<0.05). No correlation was found between rs1043618 and rs1061581 polymorphisms and the risk of ONIHL (all P>0.05). Conclusion The rs2227956 polymorphism of the HSP70 gene is correlated with susceptibility to ONIHL in noise-exposed workers, and the G allele is a risk factor for ONIHL in this population.

Objective To investigate the incidence and severity of enamel demineralization during clear aligner treatment and provide reference for clinical medical nursing work.Methods A total of 151 patients(3 507 teeth)undergoing clear aligner treatment in our hospital from 2015 to 2022 were collected.The enamel demineralization before and after treatment was compared,and the enamel demi-neralization index(EDI)was calculated to evaluate the severity of demineralization.The incidence and severity of enamel demineraliza-tion were analyzed statistically,and the differences among different genders,ages and dental positions were compared.Results Enam-el demineralization occurred in 84 patients during treatment,with an incidence rate of 55.63%.Gender and treatment time had no effect on the incidence,and the incidence of adolescent patients was higher than that of adult patients.Among the investigated 3 507 teeth,601 teeth had enamel demineralization,and the incidence rate was 17.14%.The incidence of maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular posterior teeth was higher;the incidence of right teeth was significantly higher than that of left teeth,and the incidence of teeth with ad-hesive attachments was also significantly increased.88%of the enamel demineralization lesions were 1－2 degrees,and the degree of enamel demineralization was similar in male and female patients.But the degree in adolescents was significantly higher than that in adult patients.The average EDI value of maxillary anterior teeth was significantly higher than that of mandible,but that of maxillary posterior teeth was significantly lower than that of mandible.The average EDI value of right teeth was significantly higher than that of left.Conclusion The incidence of enamel demineralization is high in the process of clear aligner treatment,and teenagers are suscep-tible to it.The demineralization of teeth is significantly different among different tooth positions,and adhesive attachments will increase the risk of enamel demineralization.Therefore,medical staff should take active and effective measures in the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and molecular charac-teristics desmoid fibromatosis the breast(DFB).Methods The clinicopathological data and prognostic information of 26 pa-tients with desmoid fibromatosis of the breast were collected.Their clinical characteristics,histological morphologies,immu-nophenotypes and molecular characteristics were analyzed.Re-sults All the 26 patients were female,with a median age of 34.5 years and an average age of 36.8 years(range from 13 to 69 years).There were 10 cases in left breast,14 cases in right breast and 2 cases in bilateral breast.Isolated and painless breast masses were found in all patients,and 3 cases were ac-companied by nipple depression.Grossly,most of them showed a poorly circumscribed tan-white to gray mass with a trabeculated appearance.Microscopically,all the tumors were composed of mild spindle cells with varying intervals of collagen fiber bun-dles.The boundary between the tumor and the surrounding breast tissue was not clear,and the tumor cells infiltrated adja-cent tissues,such as breast ducts,lobules,adipose tissue,and skeletal muscle.Uniform spindle or oval cells formed in fascicles and interwoven,without atypical or polymorphism;the nuclear chromatin was sparse or vacuolar,with small nucleoli,but mito-ses were rare or absent.Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin was present in 20 of 26 tumors,SMA was variously positive in 20 of 26,desmin was focally positive in 6 of 26;CKpan,CK5/6,p63,CD34,CD10 and S-100 were all negative.The Ki67 index was 5％-10％.The gene mutations of CTNNB1 exon 3 were found in 18 of 26 by Sanger sequencing,including T41A(83.3％),S45P(11.1％)and S45F(5.6％).Two patients also had familial adenomatous polyposis.Local resection was performed in 23 cases,mastectomy was performed in 2 cases,and one case did not require any additional treatment after core needle biopsy.20 cases were followed up for 1-108 months,and no recurrence occurred.Conclusion Desmoid fibromatosis of the breast is rare,and can mimic breast cancer clinically,ra-diologically and histologically.It should be always considered in differential diagnosis for the spindle cell proliferations of the breast.A diagnosis of DFB can be achieved basing on the typi-cal histopathology,immunohistochemistry,history and gene se-quencing.

Purpose Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the brain metabolism of menstrual-related migraine(MRM)in different states,and to investigate its correlation with clinical features and estrogen and progesterone.Materials and Methods We recruited 36 patients with MRM diagnosed by neurology outpatient experts of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from April 2019 to August 2022,and also recruited 29 normal women with age-and education-matched.Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess neurochemical brain changes during interictal period(late follicular phase)and ictal period(perimenstrual phase)in them.The point resolved spectroscopic sequence was used to focus on the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and bilateral thalamus.Sex hormone levels were collected on the same day of MRI acquisition.The ratios of NAA/Cr,GABA/Cr,Glx/Cr and Cho/Cr were observed.Metabolite changes and hormone levels were investigated among two groups.Furthermore,metabolite changes were investigated in a longitudinal design during the interictal period and ictal period.Results There were no significant differences in the levels of estrogen and progesterone both in the late follicular and perimenstrual periods.There were no significant differences in decline rate of them in perimenstrual periods between patients and normal people(P>0.05).During interictal period,the ratio of Cho/Cr in the region of left mPFC was lower significantly in the MRM group than that of control group(U=-2.957,P=0.003)and showed a significant negative correlation with attack frequency(r=-0.398,P=0.018).During ictal period,the women with MRM had significantly lower the ratio of GABA/Cr in the left mPFC and higher the ratio of Glx/Cr in the left thalamus compared to those of controls(U=-2.015,P=0.044;t=2.213,P=0.033).We found no significant correlations between these results and magraine characteristics(P>0.05).In addition,we found the ratio of GABA/Cr did not change(P>0.05),the ratio of Glx/Cr and Cho/Cr in right thalamus increased from interictal towards the ictal state for MRM patients(t=-2.181,P=0.038;Z=-2.414,P=0.016).Conclusion The present study suggests the existence of distinct cerebral metabolism states between MRM and control,and there are dynamic changes in cerebral metabolism with headache attacks.However,there is no significant difference in estrogen and progesterone from normal women,and its neural mechanism still needs to be further studied.

Objective:To study the clinical effects of portal vein embolization (PVE) with N-butyl cyanoacrylate copolymer (NBCA) and with gelatin sponge (GS) as embolization materials in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:Clinical data of 90 patients with initial unresectable HCC who underwent PVE treatment at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from November 2014 to April 2020 were included. There were 77 males and 13 females, aged 48 (25, 67) years old. Patients were divided into two groups according to the embolization materials selected in PVE: NBCA group ( n=60) and GS group ( n=30). Forty-eight and 18 patients finally underwent secondary hepatectomy in NBCA group (resectable NBCA group) and GS group (resectable GS group), respectively. Clinical data including future liver remnant (FLR) growth rate and secondary hepatectomy rate were analyzed. Survivals after hepatectomy was followed up by telephone, WeChat, and outpatient review. Results:The secondary hepatectomy rate in NBCA group was higher than that in GS group [80%(48/60) vs. 60%(18/30), P=0.043]. The waiting time from primary intervention to secondary hepatectomy in resectable NBCA group was 15 (7, 96) d, which was shorter than that in resectable GS group [40 (28, 118) d, P<0.001]. The FLR growth rate of resectable NBCA group was 9.03 (1.24, 29.64) ml/d, which was faster than that in resectable GS group [3.76 (0.08, 8.03) ml/d, P<0.001]. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of patients in resectable NBCA group were 69.1%, 62.0% and 44.7% at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, and the overall survival (OS) rates were 76.4%, 69.5% and 59.6%, respectively. The RFS rates of patients in resectable GS group were 60.6%, 48.5% and 35.4% at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, and the OS rates were 66.7%, 60.6% and 42.4%, respectively. There were no significant differences in RFS and OS between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:PVE with NBCA and GS as embolization material showed good efficacy in patients with initially unresectable HCC. The FLR growth rate and secondary hepatectomy rate of patients using NBCA were better than those of patients using GS.

Objective:To investigate the changes of inflammation and immune function in children with chronic tonsillitis after tonsillotomy. Methods:Prospectively collected 60 children with obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） diagnosed as chronic tonsillitis with adenoids and tonsillar hypertrophy from January to June 2021. Two groups were divided, the experimental group （n=30） underwent bilateral partial tonsillectomy + adenoidectomy by hypothermia plasma ablation, and the control group （n=30） underwent adenoidectomy by using the same hypothermia plasma ablation method. The number of tonsillitis attacks before surgery and within one year after surgery was recorded, and the serum immunoglobulin IgM, IgG, IgA, complement C3 and complement C4 levels before operation, one month and three months after operation were measured. Results:The number of tonsillitis attacks in the experimental group and the control group at one year after surgery was lower than that before surgery（P<0.05）; The number of inflammatory attacks in the experimental group was （0.50±0.63） times/year, which was lower than that of （1.33±0.80） times/year in the control group. There was no significant difference in the five immunization results of the two groups at one month and three months after operation compared with before operation, and there was also no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusion:Partial tonsillectomy can be applied to children with chronic tonsillitis, which can effectively reduce the number of tonsillitis attacks and has no effect on the immune function of children.
Child ; Humans ; Tonsillectomy/methods* ; Hypothermia ; Tonsillitis/surgery* ; Adenoidectomy ; Palatine Tonsil/surgery* ; Inflammation ; Chronic Disease ; Immunity

Objective:To explore the relationship of infertility-related stress and depression of infertility women, and the effect of coping style and resilience in it.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in 230 infertility women who treated with Assisted Reproductive Technology in Reproductive Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University using convenience sampling method from April 2020 to April 2021 with self-made general information questionnaire, Fertility Problem Inventory, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item. And correlation and effect analysis was conducted.Results:Two hundred and nineteen questionnaires were finally collected, the effective recovery rate was 95.2%(219/230). The score of Fertility Problem Inventory was (136.21 ± 27.38) points, the score of Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire was (34.26 ± 7.66) points, the score of 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was (27.50 ± 6.78) points, the score of Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item was (4.26 ± 3.83) points. Correlation analysis results showed that infertility-related stress of infertility women was positively correlated with negative coping ( r=0.20, P<0.01) and depression ( r=0.26, P<0.01), negative coping was positively correlated with depression ( r=0.23, P<0.01). Effect analysis results showed that negative coping had a partial mediating effect between infertility-related stress and depression, and the mediating effect size was 0.05, accounting for 15.63% of the total effects. Resilience moderated the second half path of the mediation relationship ( β=-0.137, t=-2.11, P<0.05). Conclusions:The infertility-related stress is a positive predictor of depression. Negative coping has a mediating effect between infertility-related stress and depression, and resilience moderates the effect of negative coping on depression.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by eosinophilic transparent inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and internal organs. NIID clinical characteristics are varied, including cognitive impairment, muscle weakness, episodic symptoms, movement disorders and autonomic dysfunction. This article reports a patient with NIID who manifested with episodes of aphasia, dysgraphia and dyslexia without fever, headache, nausea and vomiting confirmed by genetic testing. The patient was a 62-year-old female with acute onset who was diagnosed with transient ischemic attack. This article aims to improve the knowledge of NIID with stroke-like onset by this case presentation and avoid misdiagnosis.