Objective: To explore sex difference in the cardiovascular health (CVH) status of 6-8 year old children in Beijing, so as to inform the early intervention of CVH related lifestyles. Methods: Based on the Beijing Children s Growth and Health Cohort (PROC), baseline physical examination, sequential questionnaire survey, and laboratory tests were conducted among 1 914 grade 1 students. Children s CVH and its subscales (health behaviors and health factors) scores were calculated according to the Life s Essential 8 (LE 8) index and categorized into high, moderate, and low CVH. CVH scores were reported as medians and interquartile ranges; sex differences were compared using the Chi square test and Wilcoxon test. Results: Among the 1 914 participants, the percentages of high, moderate, and low CVH were 35.7%, 63.5%, and 0.8%, respectively, and the percentages of high, moderate, and low health behavior scores were 25.9%, 67.5%, and 6.6%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between sex ( χ 2=2.30, 0.07, P >0.05). The rates of high, moderate, and low health factor scores for boys and girls were 61.1%, 36.0%, 2.9% and 71.1%, 28.4%, 0.5%, respectively, with a statistically significant sex difference ( χ 2=31.88, P < 0.01). The overall CVH score was 76.0(70.0, 83.0), 76.0(69.0, 82.0) for boys, and 77.0(71.0, 83.0) for girls. Among the health behavior metrics, sleep scores were the best and physical activity scores were the worst[100.0(90.0,100.0), 40.0(20.0, 80.0 )]; among the health factor metrics, blood glucose scores were the best and lipid scores were the worst[100.0(100.0,100.0), 60.0(40.0,100.0)]. In respect to health factors, there were significant gender differences in body mass index, blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood pressure scores ( Z =-6.92, 3.01, -6.60, -2.30, <0.05), but there were no significant gender differences in diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, or sleep scores with regards to health behaviors ( Z =0.99, 0.88, -0.13, 0.36, P > 0.05 ). Compared to boys, girls in the low and moderate CVH groups had high health factor scores despite low health behavior scores. Conclusion Most 6 to 8-year-old children in Beijing were found to have relatively good CVH, and optimization of children s CVH status can be achieved by promoting healthier lifestyles and monitoring health factors, especially among boys.

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with gastric cancer who developed cytokine release syndrome after using immune checkpoint inhibitors.Key points of nursing care:development of nursing assessment decisions with a holistic view to guide safe nursing care;taking into account the contradiction between bleeding and thrombosis and providing good care for upper gastrointestinal bleeding;implementing a nursing strategy focusing on cleaning and anti-infection for IV oral mucositis;implementing risk management for severe pulmonary lesions;providing good hormone medication care and discharge follow-up management.The patient was successfully discharged on 52nd day with a 3-month follow-up in good condition.

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with multiple enterostomies after segmental small bowel resection for acute mesenteric vein embolism.Nursing points:early identification of necrosis of retained intestinal tubes and improvement of early warning care;active improvement of tissue perfusion for retained indeterminate necrotic intestinal tubes;relay enteral nutritional support for 4 stomas based on the collaborative care model;implementation of combined dressing changes for surgical incisions and stomas,control of incisional infections and peristoma dermatitis;attention to the psychological aspects of the patients and their families and provision of psychological support.The patient successfully underwent stoma retraction on the 42nd day after surgery,and no obvious short bowel syndrome occurred in the postoperative period.

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with median arcuate ligament compression syndrome.Nursing points:to implement effective measures to relieve local compression and improve gastrointestinal symptoms;to establish a monitoring and evaluation plan focusing on abdominal pain to prevent serious adverse vascular events;to implement pre-rehabilitation care with psychological and nutritional support to reduce surgical risks;to actively provide postoperative gastroparesis care and discharge follow-up care.The patient was discharged from the hospital 22 days after surgery and was followed up for 6 months.His weight increased and his quality of life was high.

Objective: To explore the association of body fat mass and distribution indices including fat mass percentage (FMP), visceral fat area (VFA) and percentage of trunk fat mass (%TFM) with blood pressure in children to inform early management of blood pressure in children. Methods: Based on the Beijing Child Growth and Health Cohort in Shunyi District, lifestyle questionnaire survey, baseline and follow up physical examination were conducted among children from October to November 2018 and September 2020. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure the body composition, and 1 098 participants with completed data were finally included. Results: Both body fat indices and blood pressure increased with age in boys and girls. For FMP, VFA, and %TFM, no significant differences presented between sex at baseline, while FMP, VFA, and %TFM were significantly higher in boys than girls at follow up ( t=2.73, 3.76, 3.41, P <0.01). Before and after adjusting for age, height and lifestyles or not, linear mixed effect models showed longitudinal associations existing between body fat indices and blood pressure in both boys and girls ( β=0.64-3.48, P <0.05). The association coefficients of body fat indices with systolic blood pressure were ranked as %TFM>FMP>VFA in both boys and girls. The association coefficients of body fat indices with diastolic blood pressure were ranked sequentially as FMP>%TFM>VFA in boys, and VFA>FMP>%TFM in girls. Conclusion Longitudinal associations are observed between body fat indices and blood pressure in children. Primordial prevention of high pressure should pay attention on body fat distribution.

Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity.Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach.The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation,which has gained extensive consideration.Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy,automation,ease of sample preparation,storage,and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade.Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations.In addition,how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples.Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques,including sorbent-based microextraction techniques,are primarily emphasized.

Objective To establish a LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous determination of 25 psychotropic drugs in human blood and apply the method to analyze the relationship between(driving under the inference of drugs, DUID)and traffic violations. Methods Acetonitrile was added to the sample for precipitating the protein, the mixture was centrifuged for 10min at 4℃ , 14000r/min, the supernatant was filtered, and then the filtrate was analyzed with LC-MS/MS. The separation was performed on C18 chromatography column (50mm×3.0mm, 2.6μm), the mobile phase was consisted of 0.1% formic acid (phase A), acetonitrile:methanol=1:1 (phase B) with gradient elution. Results The calibration curves for 25 psychotropic drugs were linear over the ranges of 0.05~20ng/mL, R=0.9944~0.9996, the assay recoveries were 83.0%~99.7%, the method recoveries were 80.2%~97.4%, the intraday and interday precious were 1.6%~14% and 3.1%~14% respectively. The method was applied to analyze 3140 human samples stored by Center of Forensic Sciences of Hangzhou. Conclusion The method is sensitive and accurate for fast detection of 25 psychotropic drugs in human blood.

To establish single- and double-transfected transgenic cells stably expressing hMATE1, hMATE1 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from human cryopreserved kidney tissue, and subcloned into pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid by virtue of both HindIII and Kpn I restriction enzyme sites. Subsequently, the recombined pcDNA3.1(+)- hMATE1 plasmid was transfected into MDCK, MDCK-hOCT1 or MDCK-hOCT2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent. After a 14-day-cultivation with hygromycin B at the concentration of 400 µg · mL(-1), all clones were screened with DAPI and MPP+ as substrates to identify the best candidate. The mRNA content of hMATE1, the cellular accumulation of metformin with or without cimetidine as inhibitor, or transportation of cimetidine was further valuated. The results showed that all of the three cell models over expressed hMATE1 mRNA. The cellular accumulation of metformin in MDCK-hMATE1 was 17.6 folds of the control cell, which was significantly inhibited by 100 µmol · L(-1) cimetidine. The transcellular transport parameter net efflux ratios of cimetidine across MDCK-hOCT1/hMATE1 and MDCK-hOCT2/hMATE1 monolayer were 17.5 and 3.65, respectively. In conclusion, cell models with good hMATE1 function have been established successfully, which can be applied to study the drug transport or drug-drug interaction involving hMATE1 alone or together with hOCT1/2 in vitro.

RNA interference (RNAi) is useful for selective gene silencing. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes approximately 50% of drugs in clinical use, plays an important role in drug metabolism. In this study, we aimed to develop a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to modulate CYP3A4 expression. Three new shRNAs (S1, S2 and S3) were designed to target the coding sequence (CDS) of CYP3A4, cloned into a shRNA expression vector, and tested in different cells. The mixture of three shRNAs produced optimal reduction (55%) in CYP3A4 CDS-luciferase activity in both CHL and HEK293 cells. Endogenous CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells was decreased about 50% at both mRNA and protein level after transfection of the mixture of three shRNAs. In contrast, CYP3A5 gene expression was not altered by the shRNAs, supporting the selectivity of CYP3A4 shRNAs. In addition, HepG2 cells transfected with CYP3A4 shRNAs were less sensitive to Ginkgolic acids, whose toxic metabolites are produced by CYP3A4. These results demonstrate that vector-based shRNAs could modulate CYP3A4 expression in cells through their actions on CYP3A4 CDS, and CYP3A4 shRNAs may be utilized to define the role of CYP3A4 in drug metabolism and toxicity.

Objective To investigate the infection rates of mycoplasma penetrans (Mpe),mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and mycoplasma ferments (Mf) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),chronic kideny disease (CKD),and heathy people,to compare the difference of infection rate,and to analyze the association of mycoplasma infection and clinicopathological features in IgAN.Methods Blood samples were collected from 118 patients in IgAN group,90 patients in CKD group,and 89 cases in health control group.DNA of Mpe,Mp and Mf was detected in plasma by PCR.Positive cases were confirmed by Southern blot.According to mycoplasma infection,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,then analyzed the clinicopatholgical features.Results (1)Genus,Mpe,Mp,and Mf positive rates were 33.05％,16.1％,25.45 ％,and 8.47％ in IgAN group,respectively; 5.56％,2.22％,5.56％,and 2.22％ in CKD group,respectively; and 3.33 ％,1.11％,2.22％,and 0 in health group,respectively.Compared with CKD and health group,patients in IgAN group had a higher infection rate in Genus,Mpe,and Mp (P ＜ 0.05).In IgAN group,10 patients had three kinds of mycoplasmas infection at the same time,and positive rate was 8.47％ much higher than CKD group (positive rate was 2.22％) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Based on mycoplasm detection results,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,overlapping infection group and mycoplasma negative group.In overlapping infection group,the mean age of onset was much younger than negative group.Compared with negative group,overlapping infection group had higher tonsillitis and urinary tract infection rate,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with IgAN had higher infection rate of Genus,Mpe and Mp,compared with CKD patients and health people.Compared with mycoplasma negative group in IgAN patients,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion in overlapping infection group,which suggested that infection of Mpe might have some possible connection with IgAN.