Objective:To investigate the correlation between the uterine incisional hematoma following cesarean section and scar diverticulum.Methods:This is a retrospective study involving 1 939 women who underwent cesarean section for the first time at the People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen from January 2020 to December 2021. Women with uterine incisional hematoma were selected as the hematoma group ( n=149) and were further divided into the dehiscence group, including patients with uterine incisional dehiscence caused by hematoma, and non-dehiscence group, including those without uterine incisional dehiscence. The patients without uterine incisional hematoma during the same period were selected as the control group ( n=110). The incidence of scar diverticulum after uterine incision healing and the long-term outcomes in the two groups were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test or Chi-square test. Results:(1) The incidence of uterine incisional hematoma was 7.7% (149/1 939). In the 149 cases with uterine incisional hematoma detected by postoperative ultrasonography, 74 were in the dehiscence group and 75 in the non-dehiscence group. (2) The number of women developing cesarean section scar diverticulum was 41, with an incidence of 2.1% (41/1 939), and all of them were in the hematoma group, accounting for 27.5% (41/149). The proportion of women who developed scar diverticulum in the dehiscence group was higher than that of the non-dehiscence group [52.7% (39/74) vs. 2.7% (2/75), χ2=35.96, P<0.001]. (3) The incidence of scar diverticulum in patients with uterine incisional dehiscence caused by intra-incision hematoma, intra- and posterior incision hematoma, as well as a combination of intra-, anterior, and posterior incision hematoma were 10/18, 55.1% (27/49), and 2/2, respectively. None of the five patients with uterine scar diverticulum were caused by anterior incision hematoma plus partial intra-incision hematoma. The incidence of scar diverticulum was 2.7% (2/75) in the non-dehiscence group. (4) Among the 41 cases with scar diverticulum, ultrasound re-examination by postpartum 6-24 months found that the results of 40 (97.6%) cases were consistent with the last ultrasound findings. A small "v"-shaped scar diverticulum was observed in another patient by ultrasound 42 d after delivery, which disappeared in a re-examination 13 months after surgery. Conclusions:Uterine incisional hematoma is associated with scar diverticulum following cesarean section. Uterine incisional dehiscence due to hematoma may be an influencing factor for diverticulum formation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with aspergillus spondylitis, and to provide reference for timely diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical manifestations, imaging performance, laboratory examination results, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of six patients with confirmed aspergillus spondylitis in Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital during April 30, 2015 and May 1, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The main manifestations of six patients were fever and neck pain or low back pain. The time from the onset of clinical manifestations to diagnosis was more than two months to 14 months. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed long T1 and T2 signals on vertebral body, high pressure lipid signal, obvious enhanced scan enhancement, and paravertebral abscess formation might be presented. Among the six patients, C-reactive protein increased in four patients, erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in five patients, β-D-glucan test (G test) increased in three patients, galactomannan antigen test (GM test) increased in four patients. Six patients with aspergillus spondylitis were all confirmed by biopsy of diseased tissue for fungal smear, tissue culture or metagenomics next generation sequencing. After treatment with voriconazole or itraconazole, five patients recovered and one patient was still under treatment.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations and imaging examination of patients with aspergillus spondylitis are nonspecific. Peripheral blood G test and GM test need to be combined for diagnosis. The diagnosis depends on tissue puncture pathology examination, and the metagenomics next generation sequencing is needed if necessary.

Objective:To screen the differential proteomic of plasma exosomes before and after magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods:Plasma samples were collected from 36 cases with chronic hepatitis B before and after MgIG treatment (2 ml/case). Plasma exosomes were extracted by ultracentrifugation. Exosomal particles concentration and inner diameter were detected by Nanosight NS300 particle size analyzer. Three cases of plasma exosomes were randomly selected before and after MgIG treatment. Proteins were extracted after lysis and digested with trypsin. Label-free differential proteomics analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to screen out differential proteins that changed more than 1.5 times. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to verify the quantitative differential protein expression ( n = 30). Measurement data were compared by paired sample t-test. Results:The average particle concentration of the extracted exosomes was 2.2×10 9/ml, and the average size was (107 ± 52) nm, which was consistent with the theoretical value of plasma exosome size, proving that the plasma exosomes were successfully extracted. Proteomics results showed that before and after MgIG treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients, a total of 153 differentially expressed proteins were screened, including 85 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that compared with the MgIG before and after treatment group of chronic hepatitis B patients, the differences in the concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor activator and hepatocyte growth factor like protein in plasma exosomes were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Hepatocyte growth factor activator concentration in the plasma exosomes before and after MgIG treatment group was (45.9 ± 9.4) μg/ml and (13.9 ± 2.0) μg/ml, respectively, and it was down-regulated by about 3 times. Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein concentration in the plasma exosomes before and after MgIG treatment group was (23.4 ± 4.9) μg/ml and (13.8 ± 2.2) μg/ml, respectively, and it was down-regulated by about 2 times. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results had consistency with the proteomics results. Conclusion:This study successfully screened the differential proteomic of plasma exosomes before and after MgIG treatment in chronic hepatitis B, and provided experimental basis for studying the molecular mechanism of MgIG treatment for chronic hepatitis B.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of miR-196b in regulating the growth and apoptosis of hepatoma cells by targeting nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (NAIF1). MethodsReal-time PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-196b in hepatoma HuH-7, SNU-449, HepG2, and SMCC7721 cells versus normal human HL7702 hepatocytes. The hepatoma HepG2 cells were collected and divided into Control group (blank control), Anti-NC group (transfected with inhibitor control), Anti-miR-196b group (transfected with miR-196b inhibitor), si-NC group (transfected with siRNA control), si-NAIF1 group (transfected with NAIF1 siRNA), Anti-miR-196b+si-NAIF1 group (co-transfected with miR-196b inhibitor and NAIF1 siRNA), and Anti-miR-196b+si-NC group (co-transfected with miR-196b inhibitor and siRNA control). MTT assay was used to measure the change in proliferation, plate colony formation assay was used to measure colony formation ability, flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of Bax and C-caspase-3. Target gene prediction software predicted that NAIF1 might be a target gene of miR-196b, and the luciferase reporting system was used to identify the targeting relationship. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups; a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the SNK-q test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsThere was a significant difference in the expression level of miR-196b between hepatoma HuH-7, SNU-449, HepG2, and SMCC7721 cells and normal human HL7702 hepatocytes (1.85±0.16/1.63±012/2.36±0.25/1.92±0.13 vs 1.00±0.09, F=29.05, P＜0.001). Compared with the Anti-NC group, the Anti-miR-196b group had significant reductions in the expression level of miR-196b (0.42±0.03 vs 1.02±0.10, P＜0.05), cell proliferation (0.20±0.02 vs 0.30±0.05, P＜0.05), and colony formation ability (64.35±6.97 vs 119.54±11.82, P＜0.05) and significant increases in apoptosis rate (22.30%±2.09% vs 4.26%±0.35%, P＜0.05) and relative protein expression of Bax (0.69±0.08 vs 0.30±0.05, P＜0.05) and C-caspase-3 (0.63±0.05 vs 0.21±0.04, P＜0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the si-NAIF1 group had significant increases in proliferation ability (0.46±0.05 vs 0.31±0.04, P＜0.05) and colony formation ability (138.92±9.66 vs 118.47±838, P＜0.05) and significant reductions in apoptosis rate (4.12%±0.40% vs 1.23%±0.12%, P＜0.05), NAIF1 (0.10±0.01 vs 0.17±0.02, P＜0.05), and protein expression of Bax (0.18±0.02 vs 0.29±0.03, P＜0.05) and C-caspase-3 (0.12±0.01 vs 020±0.03, P＜0.05). Compared with the Anti-miR-196b+si-NC group, the Anti-miR-196b+si-NAIF1 group had significant increases in proliferation ability (0.28±0.02 vs 0.21±0.03, P＜0.05) and colony formation ability (97.12±8.23 vs 66.35±5.20, P＜0.05) and significant reductions in apoptosis rate (9.60%±1.11% vs 21.14%±1.32%, P＜0.05), NAIF1 (0.30±0.04 vs 0.52±0.06, P＜0.05), and protein expression of Bax (0.28±0.03 vs 0.67±0.06, P＜0.05) and C-caspase-3 (0.22±0.05 vs 0.60±004, P＜0.05). ConclusionDownregulation of miR-196b can inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of hepatoma cells via negative regulation of NAIF1.

Objective:To study whether gene mutation pattern of Gilbert’s syndrome (GS) is combined with viral hepatitis and its relationship with relevant clinical data.Methods:Clinical data of GS patients combined with viral hepatitis who was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from August 2013 to December 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between gene mutation pattern, general data (age, gender, etc.) and liver biochemical indexes was analyzed. The differences of the above data in patients with or without combined viral hepatitis were analyzed. The measurement data were compared by t-test. The categorical data was compared by the χ2 test. The median and interquartile range of non-normally distributed data was used to indicate the central and discrete tendency. Results:A total of 107 GS eligible cases data were collected. The male to female ratio was 4.94:1 (89:18). The average age of onset was (36.36 ± 12.51) years. Alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels were normal or slightly elevated, while aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyltransferase were all within the normal range. There were 49 cases in the combined viral hepatitis group (36 cases with HBV and 13 cases with HCV), and 58 cases in the GS alone group. Total bilirubin level in GS alone group was higher than the combined viral hepatitis group ( z = 0.035, P < 0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyltransferase ( P > 0.05). Uridine diphosphate glucuronide transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), specifically encoded by GS was detected in all 107 cases. Mutations was mainly occurred in the upstream promoter PBREM-3263 (-3279) (86 cases) and TATA box TA insertion mutation (71 cases), and GGA-AGA Gly71Arg (57 cases) mutation in EXON1 of the coding region. All mutation forms had manifestations of homozygous and heterozygous abnormalities. The combined incidence of main mutation forms in the genetic testing data were sequenced as: A2 + B2 + C2 (17 cases, 25.23%), A1 + B1 (17 cases, 15.89%), A2 (11 cases, 10.28%), C2 (10 Cases, 9.34%), A2 + B2 (7 cases, 6.54%), A1 + B2 (7 cases, 6.54%), C1 (7 cases, 6.54%), and there was no statistically significant difference between different mutation combinations in patients with or without hepatitis ( P > 0.05). The results of total data analysis showed that the total bilirubin level in the single-site mutation group was higher than the multi-site mutation group (Z=2.019, P = 0.043), and other biochemical indicators had no effect ( P > 0.05) and the differences were not statistically significant. Further analysis showed that the total bilirubin level of the single-site mutation subgroup in the GS alone group was higher than the multi-site mutation subgroup ( Z = 1.999, P = 0.046), and the statistical difference was similar to the combined viral hepatitis group ( P > 0.05). Different mutation combinations had no effect on biochemical indexes, and had no relationship with combined viral hepatitis ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:GS is common in patients with combined viral hepatitis, and there is no significant difference between the incidence of gene mutation, mutation forms, biochemical indexes, and non-hepatitis group. The increase in the number of GS mutation sites does not aggravate the deterioration of bilirubin levels due to the decrease in the content and activity of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase, and the combination of different mutation sites does not affect the changes of various biochemical indexes, and at the same time it is not related to hepatitis.

Since 2014, the United States and Europe has approved all oral, interferon free- regimens that combine with direct-acting antiviral agents. Hence, the sustained virological response rate of patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection has improved over 90%, and the treatment modalities has introduced a new era. These drugs, ombitasvir and dasabuvir, received customary authorization of Food and Drug Administration in 2015 and are the first combined direct-acting antiviral agents for treating HCV genotype 1 infection. It has superior application prospects in China because of its high-sustained virological response rate and safety profile. This article reviews the pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, efficacy and safety of this therapeutic regimen.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir (DCV ) combined with asunprevir (ASV) for chronic genotype 1b (GT1b) hepatitis C .Methods Twenty-nine GT1b hepatitis C patients who were treated with DCV combined ASV in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from September 2017 to November 2017 were included .Hepatitis C virus (HCV ) RNA levels were tested before treatment ,1 week ,2 weeks ,3 weeks ,4 weeks ,8 weeks ,12 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment , and 12 weeks after the end of the treatment .The comorbidities ,combined use of drugs and adverse clinical events were registered .T test was used to compare the measurement data with normal distribution and M (P25,P75) was used for measurement data with non-normal distribution .Results A total of 29 patients with GT1b were included ,with 4 cirrhosis cases and 25 non cirrhotic cases .Seven patients had history of previous interferon and ribavirin combination treatment .There were 9 patients with comorbidity and 7 patients with combined medication . Finally , 25 patients completed a 24-week course of antiviral treatment ;3 patients were lost to follow-up ,and 1 patient withdrew after 16weeks of antiviral treatment because of a virus rebound .Of the 26 followed up patients ,25 achieved sustained virological response at 12-week (SVR12 ) , and one patient failed .And the HCV RNA NS5A resistance-associated variants (RAV) were detected in the patients with treatment failure .No severe adverse clinical events occurred in 26 patients .Conclusions DCV combined with ASV is effective and safe in the treatment of GT 1b chronic hepatitis C .However , the effect of RAV on therapeutic efficacy should be concerned during the treatment .

Objective To analyze hepatitis C virus genotype(HCV GT)1b NS5A resistance-associated variants(RAV)and its related factors,and to provide references for direct-acting antivirals (DAA)agent selection and application.Methods From January 2017 to July 2017,53 hepatitis C patients were selected from the Department of Infectious Diseases of Henan Province People's Hospital. The mutations of L31M and Y93H in NS5A RAV were analyzed in 43 HCV GT1b patients,and their correlations with hepatitis C virus,liver function,platelet and liver fibrosis diagnostic model[APRI, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio(GPR),FIb-4]were analyzed.The quantitative data were compared by two independent samples t test,and the qualitative data were compared by chi square test. Results Fifty-three subjects were enrolled,including 43 GT1b(9 males and 34 females)and 10 GT2a(2 males and 8 females).No other genotype was detected.The incidence of NS5A RAV in 43 HCV GT1b patients was 13.9%(6/43),of which L31M and Y93H were 1/43(2.3%)and 5/43(11.6%)with no significant difference(χ2= 1.500,P= 0.219).There were no significant differences in HCV RNA, ALT,AST,albumin,platelets and age between patients with or without mutation(all P> 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of NS5A RAV in HCV GT1b patients is high,but not affected by virus, biochemical factors and liver fibrosis.The detection of NS5A RAV before HCV treatment is helpful for rational selection of DAA,which could reduce the drug resistance.

Objective To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of spinal infections to assist the clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods Clinical data of all cases with spinal infections at He′nan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively . The demographic characteristics , risk factors , clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated . Variables were compared by t‐test ,chi‐square test or Fisher exact test when appropriate .Results Totally 231 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were reviewed ,of which 179 (77 .5% ) were pyogenic spinal infection (PSI) and 52 (22 .5% ) were tuberculous spinal infection (TSI) .The most common risk factor for infection was history of previous spinal surgery or procedure (43 .3% ) ,followed by diabetes mellitus (14 .7% ) .The infection site of lumbosacral spine was prominent with 114 cases (63 .7% ) in PSI and 38 cases (73 .1% ) in TSI .At initial presentation ,white cell blood count ([10 .8 ± 4 .5] × 109/L vs [7 .3 ± 3 .2]× 109/L ,t=2 .685) and C‐reactive protein levels ([79 ± 33] vs [37 ± 21] mg/L ,t=6 .241) in PSI were higher compared to TSI (both P<0 .05) .The positive rate of blood culture was significant higher than tissue culture in PSI (47 .9% vs 21 .8% ,χ2 = 6 .782 , P< 0 .05 ) .But the positive rate of blood culture was significantly lower than tissue culture in TSI (0 vs 39 .4% ,χ2 =8 .312 , P<0 .05) .Surgical treatment was performed in 30 .2% of PSI and 25 .0% of TSI .Conclusions History of spinal surgery or procedure is the most common risk factor for spinal infections , followed by diabetes mellitus . The lumbosacral spine is the common involved site in both PSI and TSI .The incidence of PSI is higher among spinal infections in our hospital .And Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogenic bacteria in PSI .