Objective To provide a longitudinal evaluation tool based on the frequency of aggressive be-havior for the aggression assessment of schizophrenia patients.Methods The Life History of Aggression was translated and revised to form the Life History of Aggression-Chinese Version(LHA-CV)based on 369 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the Chengdu community and compulsory medical insti-tution.The reliability of LHA-CV was analyzed by means of split-half reliability,test-retest reliability and inter-evaluator consistency.The validity was analyzed by item analysis,construct validity and crite-rion validity.Results Item analysis found that LHA-CV had good homogeneity and discriminant validity.Exploratory factor analysis found that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)test value was 0.80,and the Bartlett's sphericity test χ2=1203.46(P<0.05),and it revealed four factors including non-physical ag-gression,physical aggression,self-directed aggression and antisocial behavior/consequences.The factor loadings for all 11 items were greater than 0.40.Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the factor model,Chi-square degree of freedom(χ2/df)was 3.61,root mean square error of approxima-tion(RMSEA)was 0.07,goodness-of-fit index(GFI)was 0.92,comparative fit index(CFI)was 0.90,incremental fit index(IFI)was 0.90,and the discriminant validity of each factor was good.The criterion validity test showed the total score of LHA-CV was positively correlated with the aggressive behavior level of MacArthur Community Violence Instrument,the total score of Buss-Perry Aggression Scale,and the score of Antisocial Personality Disorder Subscale of Personality Diagnostic Question-naire-4th Edition Plus(PDQ-4+_ASPD,P<0.05).The Cronbach's α coefficient of non-physical aggres-sion,physical aggression,self-directed aggression,antisocial behavior/consequences and LHA-CV total score were 0.82,0.73,0.74,0.56 and 0.79,respectively.The test-retest reliability,Spearman-Brown split-half reliability and intra-class correlation coefficient of LHA-CV total score were 0.82(P<0.05),0.66 and 0.99,respectively.Conclusion LHA-CV has good reliability and validity,and can be used as an evaluation tool for longitudinally assessing aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus in Sichuan and Chongqing. Methods: We designed a tinnitus epidemiological questionnaire. The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling methods was applied to obtain study subjects in six areas (Nanchong, Jiangjin, Fengdu, Yunyang, Suining and Ya'an), which were selected for epidemiological investigation. Home visit completion of epidemiological questionnaires was conducted. The trained investigators guided the respondents to fill in the tinnitus epidemiological questionnaires, and the epidemiological status of six areas on prevalence and risk factor was investigated. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Sampling population were 10 289, in which 9 273 were valid questionnaires. There were 4 281 males and 4 992 females, with an average age of 47.3 years, among which 34.83% (3 230/9 273) had tinnitus. 3.99% (370/9 273) were diagnosed with bothersome tinnitus. In a multivariable logistic regression mod, the following factors were associated with onsetting of tinnitus: sleep disorder [Odds Ratio(OR)=3.74] and noise exposure(OR=1.99). The risk of disease was lowest in the age of 30-40 years old, while the risk of disease was higher for people under 30 and over 40. In another multivariable logistic regression mode, the following factors were associated with having bothersome tinnitus: older people were more likely to suffer from tinnitus, sleep disorders (OR=4.68) and noise exposure (OR=1.56). Conclusions: The prevalence of tinnitus in Sichuan and Chongqing is about 34.83%, but most of the tinnitus is short-lived and has low loudness, which will not affect the patients. Only a small number of patients with tinnitus (3.99%) persist and affect their health and need treatment. The occurrence and exacerbation of tinnitus may be related to sleep, age, and noise exposure.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tinnitus/epidemiology*

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of nine active ingredients of Xuebijing Injection in rat plasma and the pharmacokinetic properties of Xuebijing Injection in rats were studied after intravenous admin as the mobile phase for gradient elution. A mass spectrometry was applied with electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source in the negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. All pharmacokinetic parameters were processed by non-compartmental analysis with DAS 2.0 software. After intravenous administration of 6 mL·kg⁻¹ Xuebijing Injection, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of ferulic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, danshensu, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, hydroxy-methyl safflower yellow A, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and oxypaeoniflorin were as follows: Cmax(85.01±22.33), (56.78±22.78), (36.05±8.77), (73.73±20.26), (173.19±67.12), (20 646.96±2 666.65), (21 416.61±6 427.14), (181.88±38.38), (770.73±230.87) μg·L⁻¹; AUC(0-t n) (801.9±112.3), (1 005.6±406.0), (714.9±237.7), (1 496.3±413.9), (2 316.1±372.2), (1 207 295.3±248 582.6), (788 781.0±308 551.0), (4 785.4±1 076.0), (33 456.2±11 946.1) min·μg·L⁻¹. This method is sensitive and accurate, applicable for the pharmacokinetic study of Xuebijing Injection, and provides a basis for clinical research of Xuebijing Injection.

BACKGROUNDChromosomal abnormalities have been shown to play an important prognostic role in multiple myeloma (MM). Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (i-FISH) has been much more effective to identify cytogenetic aberrations in MM than conventional cytogenetic technique (CC). To clearly determine the cytogenetic features of Chinese MM patients and identify their prognostic implications, we designed a multicenter study based on i-FISH including 672 patients from 52 hospitals in China.

METHODSAll 672 patients were systematically screened for the following genomic aberrations: del(13q), IgH rearrangement, del(p53) and 1q21 amplifications.

RESULTSThe analysis showed that the chromosomal changes were detected in 22.1% patients by CC and in 82.3% patients by i-FISH. The most common abnormalities by CC were chromosome 1 aberrations (48.4%), -13/13q- (37.6%), hyperdiploidy (36.6%), hypodiploidy (30.1%) and IgH rearrangements (23.7%). The most frequent abnormalities by FISH was del(13q), which was found in 60.4% patients, whereas IgH rearrangement, 1q21 amplification and p53 deletions were detected in 57.6%, 49.0% and 34.7% cases, respectively. By statistical analysis, -13/13q- by CC was associated with low level of platelet (P = 0.015), hyperdiploidy was associated with low level of serum albumin (P = 0.028), and IgH rearrangement by FISH was associated with high level of β2 microglobulin (P = 0.019). Moreover, 1q21 amplification and del(p53) by FISH conferred a high incidence of progressive disease (PD) after initial therapy. Metaphase detection of IgH rearrangements and chromosome 1 aberrations concurrently was associated with a short progression free survival (PFS) (P = 0.036). No significant prognostic implications of other cytogenetic abnormalities were found associated with overall survival and PFS.

CONCLUSIONSChinese MM patients had similar cytogenetic abnormalities compared with the previous reported studies. However, the prognostic significance of FISH aberrations were not clearly determined and further study is required.

Adult ; China ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; genetics ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; pathology

The aim was to verify the effectiveness of slide platelet aggregation test (SPAT) to monitor the inhibition effect of anti-platelet drugs. A group of eight healthy volunteers was examined for SPAT value and T(50) (time necessary for reaching 50% of total aggregation) induced by ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) and cationic propyl gallate (c-PG) respectively before and after administration of ASA in dose of 100 mg/day for 3 days. The group of 41 inpatients at the Department of Cardiovascular Disease treated with anti-platelet drugs and the group of 327 healthy blood donors were also examined for SPAT. The SPAT value of healthy volunteer samples stored at room temperature were measured hourly for four hours. The results showed that: (1) no significant difference was detected between the T(50) before and after ASA administration in health volunteer group when ADP was used as inducer, but a significant difference was detected in this group when AA or c-PG was used as inducer. There was significant linear correlation between SPAT value and T(50) induced by c-PG in health volunteer group before and after administration of ASA (r = 0.998, P = 0.000); (2) there was no significant difference between the SPAT value of health volunteer group before administration of ASA and the SPAT value of health blood donors group (P = 0.853), but there was a significant difference between the SPAT values before and after administration of ASA in health volunteer group (P = 0.000). There was significant difference when the SPAT value of the inpatients treated with anti-platelet drugs was compared with that of healthy blood donor group and with that of health volunteer group before and after administration of ASA (P = 0.000). The cut-off value of SPAT in health blood donor group was 44.6 +/- 11.7 seconds, reference value was from 21.1 seconds to 68.0 seconds; (3) there was no significant difference between SPAT values when platelets samples stored at room temperature for 1, 2, 3, 4 hours (P = 0.815). In conclusion, SPAT can rapidly monitor the inhibition effect of anti-platelet drugs and SPAT may have the similar clinic value with T(50) induced by c-PG.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drug Monitoring ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Reproducibility of Results