Objective To investigate the effects of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on levels of memory T (Tm) cells and their subsets in lymph nodes of mice at different stages of infection, so as to provide new insights into immunotherapy for alveolarechinococcosis. MethodsTwenty-four C57BL/6J mice aged 6 to 9 weeks were randomly divided into the infection group and the control group, of 12 mice in each group. Mice in the infection group were administered with 3 000 E. multilocularis protoscoleces via portal venous injection, while animals in the control group were administered with an equal volume of physiological saline. Three mice from each group were sacrificed 4, 12 weeks and 24 weeks post-infection, and lymph nodes were sampled and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to investigate the histopathological changes of mouse lymph nodes in the infection group. The expression and localization of T lymphocyte surface markers CD3, CD4, and CD8 were observed in mouse lymph nodes using immunohistochemical staining. In addition, lymphocyte suspensions were prepared from mouse lymph nodes in both groups at different time points post-infection, and the levels of Tm cell subsets and their secreted cytokines were detected using flow cytometry. Results HE staining showed diffuse structural alterations in the subcapsular cortical and paracortical regions of mouse lymph nodes in the infection group 4 weeks post-infection with E. multilocularis. Immunohistochemical staining detected CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression in mouse lymph nodes in both groups. Flow cytometry revealed higher proportions of CD4⁺ Tm cells [(55.3 ± 4.8)% vs. (38.8 ± 6.1)%; t = -4.259, P < 0.05] and CD4⁺ tissue-resident Tm (Trm) cells [(57.7 ± 3.7)% vs. (34.1 ± 11.2)%; t = -3.990, P < 0.05] in mouse lymph nodes in the infection group than in the control group 4 weeks post-infection, and higher proportions of CD4⁺ Tm cells [(34.6 ± 3.2)% vs. (23.3 ± 7.5)%; t = -2.764, P < 0.05] and CD4⁺ Trm cells [(44.0 ± 1.9)% vs. (31.2 ± 1.5)%; t = -4.039, P < 0.05] in mouse lymph nodes in the infection group than in the control group 24 weeks post-infection. The proportions of CD8⁺ Tm cells were higher in the infection group than in the control group 4 weeks [(56.8 ± 2.7)% vs. (43.9 ± 5.2)%; t = -4.416, P < 0.01] and 12 weeks post-infection [(25.4 ± 2.7)% vs. (12.0 ± 2.6)%; t = -2.552, P < 0.05], while the proportions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α⁺ CD4⁺ T cells [(15.7 ± 5.0)% vs. (49.4 ± 6.4)%; t = 7.150, P < 0.01], TNF-α⁺CD8⁺ T cells [(20.7 ± 5.5)% vs. (57.5 ± 8.4)%; t = -6.694, P < 0.01], and TNF-α⁺ CD8⁺ Tm cells [7.0% (1.0%) vs. 31.0% (11.0%); Z = -2.236, P < 0.05] were lower in the infection group than in the control group 24 weeks post-infection. Conclusions Tm cells levels are consistently increased in lymph nodes of mice at different stages of E. multilocularis infection, with Trm cells as the predominantly elevated subset. The impaired capacity of CD8⁺ Tm cells to secrete the effector molecule TNF-α in mouse lymph nodes at the late-stage infection may facilitate chronic parasitism of E. multilocularis.

Studies have suggested that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression; however, the regulatory strategy that targets the NAc to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit has not been elucidated. Here, we identified a specific reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the subset of dopamine D1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the NAc that promoted stress susceptibility, while the stimulation of cAMP production in NAc D1-MSNs efficiently rescued depression-like behaviors. Ketamine treatment enhanced cAMP both in D1-MSNs and dopamine D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) of depressed mice, however, the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine solely depended on elevating cAMP in NAc D1-MSNs. We discovered that a higher dose of crocin markedly increased cAMP in the NAc and consistently relieved depression 24 h after oral administration, but not a lower dose. The fast onset property of crocin was verified through multicenter studies. Moreover, crocin specifically targeted at D1-MSN cAMP signaling in the NAc to relieve depression and had no effect on D2-MSN. These findings characterize a new strategy to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit by elevating cAMP in D1-MSNs in the NAc, and provide a potential rapid antidepressant drug candidate, crocin.

The liver plays an important regulatory role in maintaining the dynamic balance of coagulation and anticoagulation in the body. Such dynamic balance is fragile in patients with liver cirrhosis， and the risk of bleeding can be increased due to reductions in coagulation factors and platelet count and excessive fibrinolysis； meanwhile， thrombus can be formed due to the increases in von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor Ⅷ， the reductions in anticoagulant protein C and anticoagulant protein S， the increase in thrombin-generating potential， and alterations in antifibrinolytic components. This article reviews the mechanisms of coagulation disorder in liver cirrhosis， so as to help clinicians with the prevention and treatment of bleeding or thrombotic disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis.

This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of chlorogenic acid on cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The animal experimental protocol has been reviewed and approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Xinxiang Central Hospital, in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care Guidelines. Von Frey hair and a radiant heat was employed to measure mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia; Western blot was used to examine transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) protein expression in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG); patch clamp was used to record TRPV1 currents in DRG neurons. The experimental results showed that chlorogenic acid could attenuate cisplatin-induce mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. The expression of TRPV1 protein in DRGs was increased in cisplatin-treated rats, while chlorogenic acid also could reverse cisplatin-induced the upregulation of TRPV1 protein. Forthermore, chlorogenic acid could attenuate cisplatin-mediated the upregulation of TRPV1 current density. These above results indicated that chlorogenic acid could alleviate cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity through inhibition of the expression and function of TRPV1 in rats.

Objective To investigate the rate of germline variants in patients with pancreatic cancer and clinical characteristics related with germline variants.Methods A total of 271 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study.Germline variants of 21 tumor susceptibility genes were detected by next-generation sequencing,and the relationship between germline variants and clinical factors such as age of onset,family history and personal history was analyzed.Results The rate of germline P/LP variants was 6.3%in unselected pancreatic cancer patients,but was high as 17.1%in genetic high-risk group patients(those with a family or personal history of cancer,or early-onset).Genes with higher frequency of germline variants in pancreatic cancer patients were PALB2,BRCA2,and ATM.Conclusion The rate of germline variants in overall pancreatic cancer patients is not high,but it increases significantly in genetic high-risk group,proving the importance of clinical factors in the screening of hereditary pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA(lnc RNA)ZFAS1 in glioma cells'sensitivity to cisplatin and its underlying mechanisms.Methods By analyzing the knockdown of ZFAS1 on the sensitivity of glioma cells to cisplatin using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments,and the cells were divided into sh-NC group(transfected with sh-NC lentiviral plasmid),sh#1 group(transfected with sh-ZFAS1-1 lentiviral plasmid)and sh#2 group(transfected with sh-ZFAS1-2 lentiviral plasmid).Dual luciferase experiments verified the interaction between ZFAS1 and miR-193b-3p,and the cells were divided into ZFAS1-WT+NC inhibitor group(transfected with ZFAS1 wild-type plasmid and NC inhibitor),ZFAS1-WT+miR-193b-3p inhibitor group(transfected with ZFAS1 wild-type plasmid and miR-193b-3p inhibitor),ZFAS1-Mut+NC inhibitor group(transfected with ZFAS1 mutant plasmid and NC inhibitor)and ZFAS1-Mut+miR-193b-3p inhibitor group(transfected with ZFAS1 mutant plasmid and miR-193b-3p inhibitor).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and terminal deoxynucleotidly transferase mediated labeling(TUNEL)experiments were used to analyze the effect of ZFAS1/miR-193b-3p on the sensitivity of glioma cells to cisplatin,and the cells were divided into blank control group(0 μg·mL-1 cisplatin treatment of U251 cells),0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh-NC+NC inhibitor group(0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin treatment of U251 cells co-transfected with sh-NC lentiviral plasmid and NC inhibitor),0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh#1+NC inhibitor group(0.5 μg·mL-1cisplatin treatment of U251 cells co-transfected with sh-NC lentiviral plasmid and NC inhibitor),and 0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh#1+miR-193b-3p inhibitor group(0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin treatment of U251 cells co-transfected with sh-ZFAS1-1 lentiviral plasmid and miR-193b-3p inhibitor).Results The results of the experiment showed that the expression levels of ZFAS1 in the sh-NC group,sh#1 group and sh#2 group were 1.00±0.17,0.48±0.06 and 0.68±0.08.The fluorescence activities of ZFAS 1-WT+NC inhibitor group,ZFAS1-WT+miR-193b-3p inhibitor group,ZFAS1-Mut+NC inhibitor group and ZFAS1-Mut+miR-193b-3p inhibitor group were 1.00±0.10,1.45±0.11,1.02±0.09 and 0.97±0.13.The proliferation rates at 72 h for the blank control group,0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh-NC+NC inhibitor group,0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh#1+NC inhibitor group and 0.5 μg·mL-1cisplatin+sh# 1+miR-193b-3p inhibitor group were(100.00±14.13)％,(96.62±9.82)％,(60.56±6.08)％and(78.64±7.22)％;while the apoptosis rates at 72 h were(9.52±1.11)％,(10.12±1.34)％,(16.08±1.52)％and(12.22±1.19)％.Comparied between blank control group and 0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh-NC+NC inhibitor group,0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh#1+NC inhibitor group and 0.5 μg·mL-1 cisplatin+sh # 1+miR-193b-3p inhibitor group,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion This study reveals the important role of ZFAS1 in cisplatin sensitivity in glioma and elucidates its mechanism of influencing drug sensitivity through the regulation of miR-193b-3p.

Radiation mainly comes from medical radiation,industrial radiation,nuclear waste and atmospheric ultraviolet radiation,etc.,radiation is divided into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.Studying the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on drug metabolism,understanding the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body after radiation and the speed of elimination under radiation conditions can provide reasonable guidance for clinical medication.This article reviews the effects of radiation on the pharmacokinetics of different drugs,elaborates the changes of different pharmacokinetics under radiation state,and discusses the reasons for the changes.

Background Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)is a widely used and empirically supported psychotherapy method.In recent years,the localization of CBT related to culture has received increasing attention from Chinese scholars.However,there is still a lack of systematic research on the localization of CBT using idioms as materials.Objective To explore whether idioms reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT(cognition and emotion)and to use them as CBT treatment tools among college students,so as to provide references for the localization of CBT.Methods Using the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary(second edition)published by the Commercial Press,a three-round manual screening method was used to select idioms that reflected the mutual influence between cognition and emotion in CBT.Based on the selected idioms,a survey questionnaire titled"survey on idiom understanding level"was developed.From August to October,2022,stratified sampling was conducted among college students from different majors and universities,and 815 valid questionnaires were obtained through the Questionnaire Star platform.By analyzing the understanding of each idiom among college students,idioms that could be used as CBT treatment tools were identified.Results In the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary(second edition),there were 13 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 5 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.12 idioms could be used as CBT treatment tools,including 8 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 4 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.Conclusion There may be idioms that reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT(cognition and emotion)and these idioms can be attempted as a therapeutic tool for CBT among college students.

Purpose/Significance By integrating clinical and biological sample information,a big data research platform for biologi-cal sample information resources is built to provide one-stop data retrieval,integration and analysis services for researchers,and a data governance system is established,so as to improve the level of hospital clinical research infrastructure construction.Method/Process Common data model and data governance technology are adopted to integrate data sources from different vendors through extraction,trans-formation,loading and other steps to provide a unified data access portal.Result/Conclusion The big data research platform for biologi-cal sample information resources has the advantages of multi-dimensional data screening and rapid integrated analysis,which can pro-vide support for clinical research.

Objective:To explore the correlation between functional constipation （FC）and its related factors with acute appendicitis（AA）in children，so as to provide a reference for the prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatment of children with AA. Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 170 children diagnosed with AA in the Department of Pediatrics，the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University，from August 2022 to March 2023，and 170 non-AA children during the same period were selected as control objects.The clinical data，incidence of FC，symptoms related to FC，Bristol stool classification，past constipation history and other information were compared between two groups.Results:The incidence of FC in 170 children with AA was 22.9%（39/170），which was significantly higher than 10.6%（18/170）in the non-AA group（ P<0.01）；For children under four years old，the proportion of faecal retention in AA group was higher than that in non-AA group（25.6% vs. 9.3%, P<0.05）；For children ≥ 4 years old，the proportion of faecal retention and dyschezia in AA group were higher than those in non-AA group（28.2% vs. 6.9%，29.0% vs. 16.4%，respectively,all P<0.05）.The proportion of past constipation history in AA group was higher than that in non-AA group（29.4% vs.14.1%）.The duration of constipation in AA group was longer than that in non-AA group [0.00（0.00，1.25）month vs. 0.00（0.00，0.00）month,all P<0.01].The proportion of children with low Bristol stool classification in AA group was higher than that in non-AA group（ P<0.01）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that faecal retention[ OR=6.186（95% CI 2.336~16.380）] and long constipation time [ OR=1.310（95% CI 1.095~1.567）]were independent risk factors for AA in children（all P<0.05）. Conclusion:The incidence of faecal retention in children with AA is higher than that in children without AA，and the median duration of constipation is longer than that in children without AA.Fecal retention and long-term constipation are independent risk factors for AA in children.