Objective To explore the effect of quercetin combined with iron death inhibitor Ferrostain-1 on oxalate-induced HK-2 cell injury.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into control group(normal cultured cells),model group(0.5 mmol·L-1 calcium oxalate crystals),quercetin group(0.5 mmol·L-1 calcium oxalate crystals+100 μmol·L-1 quercetin),inhibitor group(0.5 mmol·L-1 calcium oxalate crystals+8 μmol·L-1 Ferrostain-1)and combination group(0.5 mmol·L-1calcium oxalate crystals+100 μmol·L-1quercetin+8 μmol·L-1 Ferrostain-1).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect cell survival rate;Western blot was used to detect iron death related protein expression such as glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4);flow cytometry and Tunel assay were used to detect cell apoptosis,and assay kit was used to detect cellular iron ions and antioxidant levels.Results The cell survival rates of control group,model group,quercetin group,inhibitor group and combination group were(100.00±2.55)％,(54.49±4.11)％,(64.26±6.30)％,(58.03±3.04)％and(79.37±4.29)％,respectively;GPX4 protein expression levels were 0.98±0.11,0.33±0.05,0.56±0.05,0.78±0.07 and 1.11±0.11,respectively;cell apoptosis rates were(4.15±0.28)％,(23.12±2.49)％,(17.28±1.07)％,(15.08±1.41)％and(8.95±0.75)％,respectively;Fe2+levels were(100.00±0.87)％,(162.55±14.70)％,(149.09±9.50)％,(144.95±11.12)％and(131.76±12.18)％,respectively;superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were(58.67±3.46),(21.56±1.32),(33.60±2.03),(35.15±3.02)and(44.27±3.89)U·mL-1,respectively.The above indicators of the model group were compared with the control group,and the above indicators of the quercetin group,inhibitor group,and combination group were compared with the model group,the above indicators of the combination group were compared with the quercetin group,and inhibitor group,all they all showed statistical significance(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Iron death inhibitors can enhance the inhibitory effect of quercetin in vitro on oxalate-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided pulse radiofrequency(PRF)treatment of the saphenous nerve for knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods A total of 289 KOA patients were followed up from March 2021 to October 2023 and divided into PRF group(group A,n=142)and conservative treatment group(group B,n=147)according to different treatment methods.Pain degree(VAS),knee function(OKS),and sleep quality(AIS)of the two groups were recorded before treatment and at 1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months after treatment;the occurrence of complications was recorded for comparison between the two groups.Results After treatment,VAS,OKS and AIS scores in both groups decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.001).In addition,the scores of group A showed a gradual downward trend 6 months after surgery,while the scores of group B showed an overall upward trend 6 months after surgery.The scores of VAS and OKS were significantly lower in group A than in group B from 1 week to 6 months after surgery(P＜0.001).The AIS score of group A was much lower than that of group B from 1 month to 6 months after surgery(P＜0.001).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P=0.236).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided PRF treatment of the saphenous nerve is better than conservative treatment because it can better reduce pain and improve knee joint mobility and sleep in patients with KOA.

Improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) holds important clinical and social significance. Immunotherapy is an emerging therapy approach for cancers, which mainly include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), immune vaccine and adoptive cell therapy. ICI have achieved good clinical translation in treatment of metastatic CRC with deficient DNA mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H) status. The application of some ICI, such as PD-1 inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab, in this type patients have been approved by the FDA. In addition,numerous positive results are acquired in clinical trials of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable dMMR/MSI-H CRC. These results greatly bolstered the exploration enthusiasm of CRC immunotherapy. However, the proficient DNA mismatch repair/microsatellite stability (pMMR/MSS) CRC, which accounting for the vast majority in related patients, hardly benefit from ICI therapy. Various combination strategies, mainly including ICI combined with traditional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy, have been attempted to alter the “cold tumors” microenvironment characteristics of pMMR/MSS CRC in clinical trials, whereas no breakthrough results were reached. Theoretically, tumor vaccines are ideal choice to break down the barrier of insufficient immune infiltration in solid tumors. However, the outcomes of related clinical trials in CRC patents are not satisfactory, and partially due to the weak specificity of the applied tumor-associated antigens. Clinical studies of adoptive cell therapy in CRC are also actively underway. The favorable efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) and dendritic cell-CIK in CRC have been confirmed, while the CAR-T and TCR-T therapies need more exploration based on screening more suitable antigens and optimizing engineering design. In this review, we made a summary based on the mainline of clinical studies related to diverse immunotherapies, so as to clarify the progress of CRC immunotherapy and provide bases for exploration of better treatment options.

Acute lung injury (ALI), in which various factors inside and outside the lung lead to hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency and even the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, has a high morbidity and mortality rate, and its pathogenesis is characterized by complex signaling pathways and limited therapeutic options. A large number of studies have reported that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways are all related to the inflammatory response of ALI, and they are involved in regulating the inflammatory response process of ALI individually or cooperatively. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis-related signaling pathways and the drug interventions, aiming to provide a reference for early intervention in lung injury, optimizing the donor pool to increase the proportion of donation after cardiac death and providing quality donor protection conditions.

The theoretical foundations of the forward and inverse problems of two conductivity imaging methods based on magneto-acoustic coupling effects,including magneto-acoustic tomography(MAT)and magneto-acousto-electrical tomogra-phy(MAET),were introduced.The research progress of the conductivity reconstruction methods with different imaging strate-gies was reviewed.The problems of the conductivity reconstruction methods based on magnetoacoustic coupling effects were analyzed in terms of acoustic source model construction,reconstruction algorithm and imaging speed,and the future develop-ment directions were pointed out.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):94-104]

AIM:To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of Toona sinensis bark extract(TAE)on the colon mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in mice with ulcerative colitis(UC)induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS).METHODS:Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to control,model,and mesalazine(0.2 g/kg)groups,as well as TAE groups(low,medium,and high-doses equal to crude drug concentrations of 2.3,4.6 and 9.2 g/kg,respectively).The UC model was induced by drinking of 2.5％DSS,and mean while the drugs were administered for 10 days.The mice were then evaluated in terms of weight,disease activity index(DAI),colon length,spleen index,and pathological changes in the colon tissues.In addition,the level of apoptosis in colon tissues was assessed by terminal de-oxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)fluorescence staining,and the expression of related proteins was evaluated by Western blot,levels of inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA),and the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and catalase(CAT)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were assessed by biochemical assays.Furthermore,the constitution and diversity of the gut microbiota were inves-tigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,mice in the model group showed significantly reduced body weights(P<0.01),and the colon length was shortened significantly(P<0.05).Marked in-creases in the DAI and spleen index were observed(P<0.01),along with severe damage to the colon mucosa(P<0.01).Mechanistically,the level of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis was significantly raised(P<0.01).The model group showed markedly reduced expression of occludin and claudin-1(P<0.01),the level of IL-10,and activities of T-SOD and CAT in the colon tissues(P<0.01).While the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and the MDA content were increased signif-icantly(P<0.05).The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were decreased in the model group(P<0.05).Com-pared with the model group,all these indicators were ameliorated by the administration of TAE(P<0.05).The abundance of pathogenic bacteria,including Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella,was decreased remarkably(P<0.05),while that of probiotics,including Bacteroidota and Muribaculaceae,were increased significantly(P<0.05).The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were increased.CONCLUSION:Taken together,Toona sinensis bark alcohol extract can alleviate damage to the intestinal mucosa by suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell,reducing the inflam-matory response,and mitigating oxidative stress.Treatment with TAE could also maintain the homeostasis of the gut micro-biota by regulating the abundance,ultimately meliorate the function of intestinal mucosal barrier.

Objective To investigate the causes of a cluster of suspected neonatal carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)bloodstream infection(BSI)in the neonatal department of a hospital,and provide references for the effective control of the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI).Methods Epidemiological in-vestigation on 3 neonates with CRKP BSI in the neonatal department from January 31 to February 6,2023 was per-formed.Specimens from environmental object surfaces were taken for environmental hygiene monitoring,and effec-tive control measures were taken according to the risk factors.Results From January 31 to February 6,2023,a to-tal of 60 neonates were admitted in the neonatal department,including 16 with peripherally inserted central venous catheter(PICC).Three neonates had CRKP BSI,with a incidence of 5.00％.There were 33 hospitalized neonates on the day(February 7)when the cluster of HAI was reported,with a prevalence rate of 9.09％(3/33).CRKP BSI rate in the neonatal department of this hospital from January 31 to February 6,2023 was higher than that in 2022(P＜0.001).The incubators of the 3 neonates with CRKP BSI were in the same ward and adjacent to each other.The first neonate with CRKP BSI(who developed BSI on January 31)underwent PICC maintenance on Feb-ruary 4,and the other 2 neonates with PICC maintenance immediately following the first one also developed CRKP BSI.CRKP were isolated from blood culture of all 3 neonates,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were consistent.Conclusion The occurrence of the cluster event of neonatal CRKP BSI may be related to the failure of strict implementation of aseptic procedures during PICC maintenance and cross contamination among items.

Objective To construct an artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis model based on deep learning for dynamically recognizing gastric lesions and their locations under gastroscopy in real time,and to evaluate its ability to detect and recognize gastric lesions and their locations.Methods The gastroscopy videos of 104 patients in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed,and the video frames were manually annotated.The annotated picture frames of lesion category were divided into the training set and the validation set according to the ratio of 8∶2,and the annotated picture frames of location category were divided into the training set and the validation set according to the patient sources at the ratio of 8∶2.These sets were utilized for training and validating the respective models.YoloV4 model was used for the training of lesion recognition,and ResNet152 model was used for the training of location recognition.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and location recognition accuracy of the auxiliary diagnostic model were evaluated.Results A total of 68 351 image frames were annotated,with 54 872 frames used as the training set,including 41 692 frames for lesion categories and 13 180 frames for location categories.The validation set consisted of 13 479 frames,comprising 10 422 frames for lesion categories and 3 057 frames for location categories.The lesion recognition model achieved an overall accuracy of 98.8%,with a sensitivity of 96.6%,specificity of 99.3%,positive predictive value of 96.3%,and negative predictive value of 99.3% in validation set.Meanwhile,the location recognition model demonstrated an top-5 accuracy of 87.1% .Conclusion The artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis model based on deep learning for real-time dynamic recognition of gastric lesions and their locations under gastroscopy has good ability in lesion detection and location recognition,and has great clinical application prospects.

[Objective] To compare the clinical efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in patients with acute herpes zoster neuralgia (AHN) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). [Methods] A retrospective analysis was made on 287 patients with thoracic herpes zoster related pain. The patients were divided into acute herpes zoster neuralgia group (group AHN, within 3 months) and PHN group (group PHN, over 3 months) according to the onset time of herpes zoster. Pain degree (VAS), sleep quality (AIS), anxiety and depression (GAD-7 and PHQ-9) at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the procedure were analyzed and compared between the two groups. [Results] The scores of VAS, AIS, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 significantly decreased in both groups after surgery (P<0.001). The four scores decreased more in AHN group than in PHN group from 1 to 12 months after surgery (P<0.001). After 12 months of follow-up, there were fewer cases of taking oral pregabalin and opioids in the former group than in the latter group (P=0.001). [Conclusion] PRF has a good therapeutic effect on herpes zoster related pain and is better than PHN in relieving pain, improving sleep and anxiety and depression in AHN, or can prevent PHN.