AIM To evaluate the habitat suitability of Hedysari Radix based on MaxEnt model and ArcGIS.METHODS Using the MaxEnt model to screen the ecological factors affecting the distribution of Hedysari Radix,an evaluation model was thus established.ArcGIS software was used to evaluate the ecological suitability of Hedysari Radix to obtain the data about the highly suitable area,the moderate suitable area,the low suitable area and non-suitable area for its growth in China.RESULTS Hedysari Radix found its 1.29×106 km2 suitable area in China,among which the highly suitable area was 5×104 km2,mainly in Gansu Province,the moderately suitable area was 3.38×105 km2,and the low-suitable area was 9×105 km2,occupying 4.03%,26.20%and 69.77%of all,respectively.The main ecological factors affecting the distribution of Hedysari Radix were determined to be altitude,precipitation in the hottest quarter,solar radiation in September and December,seasonal temperature variation deviation and basic saturation of upper soil(0-30 cm).CONCLUSION With its result complying well with the literature records,this study provides theoretical basis for the introduction and cultivation of Hedysari Radix,and sustainable utilization of resources as well.

Child ; Humans ; Lead ; Urban Population ; Nutritional Status ; Health Surveys ; China/epidemiology* ; Rural Population

OBJECTIVE: To derive the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome classification and subgroup syndrome characteristics of ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: By extracting the CM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7,170 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2018 at Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province, China, a patient similarity network (PSN) was constructed based on the symptomatic phenotype of the patients. Thereafter the efficient community detection method BGLL was used to identify subgroups of patients. Finally, subgroups with a large number of cases were selected to analyze the specific manifestations of clinical symptoms and CM syndromes in each subgroup. RESULTS: Seven main subgroups of patients with specific symptom characteristics were identified, including M3, M2, M1, M5, M0, M29 and M4. M3 and M0 subgroups had prominent posterior circulatory symptoms, while M3 was associated with autonomic disorders, and M4 manifested as anxiety; M2 and M4 had motor and motor coordination disorders; M1 had sensory disorders; M5 had more obvious lung infections; M29 had a disorder of consciousness. The specificity of CM syndromes of each subgroup was as follows. M3, M2, M1, M0, M29 and M4 all had the same syndrome as wind phlegm pattern; M3 and M0 both showed hyperactivity of Gan (Liver) yang pattern; M2 and M29 had similar syndromes, which corresponded to intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern and phlegm-stasis obstructing meridians pattern, respectively. The manifestations of CM syndromes often appeared in a combination of 2 or more syndrome elements. The most common combination of these 7 subgroups was wind-phlegm. The 7 subgroups of CM syndrome elements were specifically manifested as pathogenic wind, pathogenic phlegm, and deficiency pathogens. CONCLUSIONS There were 7 main symptom similarity-based subgroups in ischemic stroke patients, and their specific characteristics were obvious. The main syndromes were wind phlegm pattern and hyperactivity of Gan yang pattern.
Humans ; Syndrome ; Ischemic Stroke ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Liver ; Phenotype

Aim To study the nephrotoxicity effects of the main monomers in Zuojin Pills. Methods CCK-8 and high-content toxicity screening were used to preliminarily screen the main alkaloids in Zuojin Pills that may cause renal cell damage. Further, by confirmation of cell morphology, release rate of lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins, the alkaloids causing cell damage were preliminarily identified, providing in vitro toxicological evidence for the compatibility of components of traditional Chinese medicine and compatibility attenuation. Results Preliminary screening using CCK-8 method and high-content technology showed that evodiamine (EVO) could significantly reduce cell number, increase cell membrane permeability, and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, cell morphology, apoptosis and cytochrome C expression were consistent with the results of high-content screening. Western blot experiments indicate that EVO could induce apoptosis and cause renal cell damage. Conclusions EVO can obviously cause renal cell damage, and may induce apoptosis by affecting mitochondria, cytochrome C and cell membrane permeability.

Objective: To examine the long term outcome of splenic hilar lymphadenectomy (SHL) for locally advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) with a tumor diameter ≥4 cm. Methods: A total of 489 locally advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG patients with a tumor diameter ≥4 cm who underwent radical resection from January 2010 to April 2016 were included. There were 383 males and 106 females. There were 225 patients aged≥65 years and 264 patients aged <65 years. SHL was conducted in 270 patients(SHL group). Wilcoxon rank-sum test or χ² test were conducted for inter-group comparison. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the long term outcome of SHL and the prognosis factors of overall survival. Kaplan-Meier curve was drawn finally. The results of survival analysis were verified by Log-rank test. Results: Followed-up to April 2021,the median follow-up time was 78.0 months (range: 74.0 to 85.0 months), the follow-up rate was 95.5%(467/489). The splenic hilar lymphnode metastasis rate of the SHL group was 12.6% (34/270). Younger patients (<65 years old), less complications, higher proportion of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy were demonstrated in the SHL group (χ²: 5.644 to 6.744, all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that SHL was the independent prognosis factor of overall survival for patients with Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG and a tumor diameter≥4 cm (HR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52 to 0.88, P=0.004) along with preoperative CA19-9, pathological T stage, pathological N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative complication. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the SHL group had better 5-year overall survival than non-SHL group (62.4% vs. 39.2%, χ²=17.983, P=0.006) in Siewert type Ⅲ AEG rather than in Siewert type Ⅱ AEG(57.3% vs. 53.7%, χ²=3.031, P=0.805). Conclusion: In experienced center, splenic hilar lymphadenectomy can improve the prognosis of Siewert type Ⅲ AEG with a tumor diameter ≥4 cm.
Adenocarcinoma/surgery* ; Aged ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagogastric Junction/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision/methods* ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Survival Analysis

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Humans ; Lung ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/therapy*

Objective:To analyze bladder cancer mortality in China from 2004 to 2018. Methods:The dataset of bladder cancer mortality from 2004 to 2018， based on 605 national surveillance sites and regularly published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention， was collected and age-standardized according to the demographic structure of China in 2000. The crude mortality rate （CMR）， the age-standard mortality rate （ASMR）， and the ratio of ASMRs of rural to urban areas（RR）were calculated to analyze the distributions of the mortality of bladder cancer stratified by age， sex， region （rural/urban areas， eastern/central/western areas） or time. Results:The CMR of bladder cancer in China from 2004 to 2018 was 1.69/10⁵， and the ASMR was 1.09/10⁵. The temporal trend on the CMR of bladder cancer from 2004 to 2018 increased significantly （APC=2.91%，P<0.001）， whereas the trend on the ASMR decreased a little （APC=-1.29，P=0.008）. The temporal trend on the CMR of bladder cancer in the males increased （APC=3.29%，P<0.001）， whereas the trend on the ASMR did not change. The temporal trend on the CMR of bladder cancer in the female increased （APC=2.12%，P<0.001）， whereas the trend on the ASMR decreased （APC=-1.94，P=0.008）. Both the CMR and ASMR of urban areas were higher than those of rural areas （P<0.05）. However， the temporal trend on the ASMR of bladder cancer in the urban decreased significantly （APC=-2.05%，P=0.002）， mainly exhibited in eastern and western urban. The ASMR of eastern urban areas was higher than that of western urban areas. The temporal trend on the ASMR of bladder cancer in the rural did not change （P>0.05）， and no differences in the ASMR were detected between eastern， central and western rural areas. The gaps between rural and urban areas in the eastern （P<0.001） or western （P=0.002） region reduced. Although the temporal trend on the ASMR in urban people over 40 years old decreased significantly， the ASMR of urban people over 60 years old was much higher than that of other age groups in the urban or any age groups in rural areas. Conclusion:The age group over 60 years old in the urban is the major target population for bladder cancer prevention and treatment. Screening， diagnosis and treatment for bladder cancer in rural should be strengthened.