Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin-22(IL-22)on the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and its mechanism.Methods The human HSC LX-2 cells were selected for the study,and the LX-2 cells induced by TGF-β1 were used to establish a model of HSC activation.LX-2 cells were treated with IL-22 at gradient concentrations,and Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression levels of the activation markers COL1A1 and α-SMA and determine the appropriate working concentration and time of the drug.Western blot,qRT-PCR,and immunofluorescence assay were used to determine the levels of Fn14 and the markers for endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)and activation in activated HSCs treated by IL-22.ERS in LX-2 cells was induced by tunicamycin(TM),and Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the levels of markers for ERS and activation in LX-2 cells treated by IL-22.TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK)and small interfering RNA were used to upregulate and downregulate Fn14,and then the mRNA and protein expression levels of p-IRE1α,IRE1α,XBP1s,COL1A1,and α-SMA were measured.After LX-2 cells induced by TGF-β1 were treated by IL-22,TWEAK was used to upregulate Fn14,and Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to measure the levels of Fn14 and the markers for ERS and activation.The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups;a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups,and the Sidak's multiple comparison test was used for further comparison between two groups.Results Compared with the TGF-β1 group,the TGF-β1+IL-22 group had significant reductions in the protein and mRNA expression levels of COL1A1 and α-SMA,with a more significant effect after treatment with 10 ng/mL IL-22 for 24 hours(all P<0.01).Compared with the TGF-β1 group,the TGF-β1+IL-22 group had significant reductions in the expression levels of Fn14,p-IRE1α,and XBP1s(all P<0.05).Compared with the TM group,the TM+IL-22 group had significant reductions in the expression levels of p-IRE1α,XBP1s,COL1A1,and α-SMA(all P<0.05).Compared with the silenced control group,the Fn14 siRNA group had significant reductions in the expression levels of p-IRE1α,XBP1s,COL1A1,and α-SMA(all P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the TWEAK group had significant increases in the expression levels of Fn14,p-IRE1α,XBP1s,COL1A1,and α-SMA(all P<0.01).Compared with the TGFβ1+IL-22 group,the TGF-β1+IL-22+TWEAK group had significant increases in the expression levels of Fn14,p-IRE1α,XBP1s,COL1A1,and α-SMA(all P<0.05).Conclusion IL-22 negatively regulates ERS in HSCs by inhibiting Fn14,thereby inhibiting the activation of HSCs.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Dongbai Tonglin Mixture(DTM)in the treatment of chronic prostatitis(CP)with the damp-heat downward diffusion syndrome.Methods:We randomly selected 76 cases of CP with the damp-heat downward dif-fusion syndrome,equally divided them into a DTM and a control group,and treated them by oral administration of DTM and Qianlie Tai Tablets,respectively,both for 8 weeks.We obtained the NIH-CPSI and TCM Syndrome Scores of the patients,recorded the counts of white blood cells(WBC)and small particles of lecithin(SPL)in the prostate fluid,and compared them between the two groups before and after treatment.Results:Compared with the baseline,the total NIH-CPSI scores were significantly reduced in both groups after treatment(P<0.05),particularly the scores on urination symptoms,pain/discomfort and quality of life(P<0.05),even more sig-nificantly in the DTM than in the control group(P<0.05),and so were the TCM Syndrome Scores(P<0.05),especially the scores on urinary incontinence,abdominal pain,perineal pain,and scrotal dampness(P<0.05),even more significantly in the former than in the latter group(P<0.05).The count of WBC in the prostate fluid was remarkably decreased(P<0.05),while that of SPL markedly increased in both groups after treatment(P<0.05),with an even more significant improvement in the DTM than in the con-trol group(P<0.05),and the overall effectiveness rate of treatment was significantly higher in the former group than in the latter(88.89%vs 70.27%,P<0.05).Conclusion:Dongbai Tonglin Mixture is effective for the treatment of CP with the damp-heat downward diffusion syndrome.

Objective To investigate the association between auditory processing and problem behaviors in preschool children,as well as the mediating role of executive function.Methods A total of 2 342 preschool children were selected from 7 kindergartens in Nanjing,China from June to August 2021.They were evaluated using Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale,Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire,and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool version.Children with different demographic features were compared in the scores and the abnormality rates of auditory processing,problem behaviors,and executive function.The influencing factors of the total scores of auditory processing,problem behaviors,and executive function were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.Whether executive function was a mediating factor between auditory processing and executive function was examined.Results Sex and grade were the main influencing factors for the total score of auditory processing(P<0.05),and sex,grade,parental education level,and family economic status were the main influencing factors for the total scores of problem behaviors and executive function(P<0.05).The auditory processing score(rs= 0.458,P<0.05)and problem behavior score(rs=0.185,P<0.05)were significantly positively correlated with the executive function score,and the auditory processing score was significantly positively correlated with the problem behavior score(rs=0.423,P<0.05).Executive function played a partial mediating role between auditory processing and problem behaviors,and the mediating effect accounted for 33.44% of the total effect.Conclusions Auditory processing can directly affect the problem behaviors of preschool children and indirectly affect problem behaviors through executive function.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):174-180]

Objective To investigate the effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granules on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)mice and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,and low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules(6 in each group).In control group,only right kidney ureter was exposed and dissected.In model group,the UUO animal model was established by UUO.In low and high dose groups,mice were administered intragastrically at doses of 3.8 and 7.6 g/kg of Chaihuang Yishen Granules respectively,following the model group's method to establish the UUO model.After 7 days,the mice were euthanized and renal samples were collected.HE and Masson staining were used to observe pathological changes and fibrosis degree of the kidneys in each group,Sirius red staining was used to observe collagen deposition.The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin(FN),type Ⅰ collagen(Col-Ⅰ),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β),and β-catenin related proteins were detected using Western blotting.Changes in A33 and GSK-3β,β-catenin mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR.Additionally,a normal transformed C3H mouse kidney-1(TCMK1)was used as control(normal group);an in vitro fibrosis model was established using TCMK1 stimulated with Transforming Growth Factor-β(TGF-β);and an in vitro drug model was established using TCMK1 treated with serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules.A33 was overexpressed in TCMK1 cells using a transfection with an A33 overexpression plasmid,and changes in fibrosis-related indicators and the expression of A33 and GSK-3β,β-catenin mRNA were observed.Results RT-PCR results showed that,compared with control group,A33 level was significantly increased in model group,while it was significantly reduced in both low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules(P＜0.05).Western blotting showed that the expression levels of fibrosis-related factors such as α-SMA,FN,Col-Ⅰ in model group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05);while compared with model group,the expression levels of α-SMA,FN,Col-Ⅰ in low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules were significantly lower(P＜0.05).HE,Masson,immunohistochemical staining results showed that model group had severe kidney structural damage,significant increase in collagen deposition,and significantly higher expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in control group(P＜0.01).In contrast,low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules had good kidney structure,significant improvement in kidney damage and fibrosis,and significantly lower expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in model group(P＜0.05).In vitro experiment results confirmed that,compared with normal group,A33 overexpression promoted the upregulation of fibrosis-related factors in TCMK1 cells,significantly increase the expression of downstream target genes GSK-3β and β-catenin mRNA in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway(P＜0.05),and A33 overexpression reversed the cellular fibrosis changes downregulated by the serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules(P＜0.01).Conclusion Chaihuang Yishen Granules significantly improve renal fibrosis in UUO mice by downregulating the A33/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,suggesting that A33 may be a potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.

Objective:To screen for preoperative frailty risk factors in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases and construct a risk prediction model.Methods:From September 2021 to August 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 324 elderly patients who underwent spinal surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University as research subjects. The patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Barthel Index, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, Mini-mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Generalized Anxiety Disorde-7, Athens Insomnia Scale, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and Modified Frailty Index. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of preoperative frailty in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases and establish a risk prediction model. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the discriminative power of the model, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model.Results:A total of 324 questionnaires were distributed, and 308 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 95.06% (308/324). Among 308 elderly patients with degenerative spinal diseases, 56 patients experienced preoperative frailty. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that falls within one year, CCI, serum albumin, activities of daily living, and self-rated health status were the influencing factors for preoperative frailty in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.851, with a sensitivity of 0.786 and a specificity of 0.778. Hosmer Lemeshow test indicated that the predictive model had a good fit (χ 2=3.764, P=0.709) . Conclusions:Falls within one year, CCI, serum albumin, activities of daily living, and self-rated health status are influencing factors for preoperative frailty in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases. The risk prediction model constructed can identify preoperative frailty early and has good predictive performance, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood infusion for the treatment of aplastic anaemia in children.Methods:Nine cases of children with aplastic anaemia treated with umbilical cord blood combined with haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1,2021 to September 15,2023 with a median age of 11(2-13)years and a median follow up of 18(7.5-21)months were included,and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Hematopoiesis reconstitution,the incidence of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),infections and survival of the patients were analyzed.Results:All 9 children were successfully implanted.The median time to neutrophil and platelet implantation was 11.11±1.27 d and 12.44±3.36 d,respectively.One case developed acute gastrointestinal GVHD of degree I,which was improved after treatment,and the patient developed superficial gastritis and chronic gastrointestinal GVHD at a later stage,which is currently under clinical follow-up.Acute GVHD of Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree was 0％.Hemorrhagic cystitis in 3 cases,CMV infection in 5 cases and bacterial and fungal infections in 5 cases improved with symptomatic treatment.All 9 children demonstrated complete donor chimerism within 1 month after transplantation,at two years of follow-up,all nine children survived without recurrence or development of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ GVHD,and there were no children with transplant-related deaths.Conclusion:Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood transfusion for aplastic anaemia in children has a low incidence and mild degree of GVHD,with significant efficacy,and can be used as a therapeutic option for children without an HLA full donor chimeric match.

Objective:To establish a highly sensitive and quantitative detection method for ABL1 kinase region mutations,provide strong support for the early diagnosis and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML).Methods:Sampele from 35 CML patients who were initially tested negative for ABL1 kinase region mutations by Sanger sequencing were collected.The ABL1 kinase region mutation was detected by the fluorescence quantitative detection kit of Shanghai Yuanqi Biopharmaceutical Technology Co.,Ltd.The mutation rate was analyzed byΔΔCt value method.The relative mutation rate of the final ABL1 kinase region was determined by dividing the mutation rate by the expression level of the fusion gene.Results:Among the 35 CML patients initially tested negative for ABL1 mutations by the Sanger sequencing method,7 cases of T315I mutation,2 cases of T315A mutation,2 cases of Y253H mutation,and 1 cases of E255K mutation after detection of the new method.The relative mutation rates range from 0.1％to 19.42％,which could not be detected by Sanger sequencing method.Subsequently,this method was used to detect the ABL1 mutation in 126 CML patients,and the positive rate exceeded that of the Sanger sequencing method.The BCR-ABL1 gene expression significantly reduced or negative after adjusting treatment strategy based on the mutation situation.Conclusion:Compared with Sanger sequencing,fluorescence quantitative PCR has higher sensitivity and can screen for low-frequency ABL1 kinase mutations in the early stage.Moreover,it can also perform relative quantitative analysis,so the method has good clinical application prospects for detecting ABL1 mutation.

The articles involving Xiangju Capsules were retrieved, and qualitative research and quantitative research methods were combined to evaluate the evidence of the safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, suitability, accessibility, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine( "6+1" dimensions) of this drug. Multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) model and CSC v2.0 software were used to comprehensively evaluate the clinical value of Xiangju Capsules in the treatment of rhinosinusitis and clarify the precise clinical positioning. The dimensions are graded A, B, C, or D. Multi-source safety evidence showed that the main adverse reactions were gastrointestinal reactions, rash, itching, dizziness, and headache. Based on the available studies, the risk is controllable and the safety is grade A. Meta-analysis showed that Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine could recover the Lund-Kennedy score, Lund-Mackay score, and CT score, relieve headache, nasal congestion, olfactory disturbance, and facial pain, with the effectiveness is grade B. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine compared with conventional western medicine alone in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis was 263.71 yuan, about 0.82% of the per capita disposable income. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the research results were relatively robust. Based on the assumption that the per capita disposable income in 2020 will be the threshold of patients' willingness to pay, it is more economical to use Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine. The drug belongs to grade A of the national medical insurance, with an average daily cost of 3.06 yuan, and the economy is grade B. This formula is modified from classic formulas and characteristic empirical formulas, be capable of improving immunity and preventing repeated attacks. It can be used for acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis. It had a wide range of applicability, especially for the patients with head and face tenderness. Service innovation was reflected in the measures to guarantee supply, capacity, scalability, and coverage of grass-roots sales channels. The industrial innovation was improved through the management of medicinal resources, pharmaceutical industry, production technology, quality control, scientific research and development, and this formula won three national invention patents. Comprehensively, the innovation of Xiangju Capsules is grade B. According to the survey of 188 medical practitioners and 196 patients in 20 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China, the drug was characterized by easy preparation and administration, individualized medication, simple technology and management, convenient use, storage, and transport, and controllable adverse reactions, with the suitability is grade B. Xiangju Capsules showed the cost of 45.9 and 275.4 yuan for treatment of acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis, respectively, being well affordable. It was sold in 35 000 medical institutions in China. The dosage form was suitable for transportation, storage, and grass-root application. With rich, sustainable, and available medicinal resources, the accessibility of Xiangju Capsules is grade A. This drug can be used for both acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis, clearing heat and expelling pus, and strengthening the exterior to prevent relapse. After this drug was available on the market, over 4 000 cases were studied, with rich experience in human use accumulated, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine is grade B. Overall, the clinical value of Xiangju Capsules is class B. It is suggested that Xiangju Capsules should be used in accordance with the relevant policies of basic clinical drug administration to play its role.
Humans ; Rhinitis/drug therapy* ; Sinusitis/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Headache ; China ; Capsules

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of auditory processing (AP) in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale (hereafter referred to as "auditory processing scale"). METHODS: A total of 41 children with ADHD and 41 typically developing (TD) children were assessed using the auditory processing scale, SNAP-IV rating scale, and Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). The auditory processing scale score was compared between the TD and ADHD groups. The correlations of the score with SNAP-IV and K-CPT scores were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with the TD group, the ADHD group had significantly higher total score of the auditory processing scale and scores of all dimensions except visual attention (P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the total score of the auditory processing scale (r_s30=0.531, P<0.05; r_s27=0.627, P<0.05) as well as the scores of its subdimensions, including auditory decoding (r_s=0.628, P<0.05), auditory attention (r_s=0.492, P<0.05), and communication (r_s=0.399, P<0.05). The hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the auditory processing scale (r_s=0.429, P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the K-CPT was positively correlated with the total score (r_s30=0.574, P<0.05; r_s27=0.485, P<0.05) and the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score (r_s=0.602, P<0.05) of the auditory processing scale. CONCLUSIONS Preschool children with ADHD have the risk of AP abnormalities, and the auditory processing scale should be used early for the screening and evaluation of AP abnormalities in children.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Schools ; Auditory Perception