BACKGROUND:Microcirculation,as the only place for the energy metabolism of body substances,is closely related to the human movement ability.Resistance exercise is an effective way to improve the function of microcirculation,but some studies have also pointed out that blood flow restriction exercise can also improve the function of microcirculation and has the advantages of small load and high safety. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of 6-week low-load blood flow restriction exercise and high-intensity resistance exercise on the thigh microcirculation function of athletic young men,and to explore the possible mechanism by which exercises improve microcirculation function from the perspective of vascular endothelial function. METHODS:Sixty sports students from Hubei Minzu University were divided into control group,high-intensity resistance exercise group and low-load blood flow restriction exercise group according to the random number table method,with 20 students in each group.The low-load blood flow restriction exercise group performed a low-load blood flow restriction exercise for 6 weeks(three times a week,90 minutes each,at an exercise intensity of 30%1RM).The high-intensity resistance exercise group received a high-intensity resistance exercise for 6 weeks(three times a week,90 minutes each,at an exercise intensity of 70%1RM).The control group did not perform any form of exercise training during this period.Microcirculatory blood perfusion,transcutaneous partial pressure,muscle oxygen saturation,nitric oxide,endothelial nitric oxide synthase,endothelin 1,vascular endothelial cell growth factor,thigh circumference,and muscle strength were tested in each group on the day before the intervention and the morning after the end of the 6-week intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the exercise intervention,heating values of microcirculatory blood flow perfusion and blood cell movement speed in the low-load blood flow restriction exercise group and the high-intensity resistance exercise group were significantly different from those in the control group and before the exercise intervention(P<0.05).The heating values of microcirculatory blood flow perfusion and blood cell movement speed showed significant differences between the low-load blood flow restriction exercise group and the high-intensity resistance exercise group(P<0.05).After the exercise intervention,the levels of nitric oxide,endothelial nitric oxide synthase,endothelin 1,and vascular endothelial cell growth factor were significantly different in the low-load blood flow-limiting exercise group and the high-intensity resistance exercise group compared with the control group and the pre-exercise intervention(P<0.05).After the exercise intervention,thigh circumference and thigh muscle strength were significantly different in low-load blood flow restriction group and high-intensity resistance exercise groups compared with the pre-exercise intervention(P<0.05).All these findings indicate that 6-week low-load blood flow restriction exercise and high intensity resistance exercise may regulate the secretion of vascular factors such as endogenous nitric oxide synthase,endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor to improve the function of thigh microcirculation and increase the contractile strength of the thigh muscle.In addition,And low-load blood flow restriction exercise has better intervention effects on microcirculatory blood perfusion volume and blood cell movement speed,so low-load blood flow restriction exercise is more advantageous than high-intensity resistance exercise in improving microcirculation function.

ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

Objective: To evaluate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE) of two dose of the mumps containing vaccine (MuCV) in chidren, so as to provide a basis for optimizing mumps immunization strategies. Methods: A 1∶2 frequency matched case-control study was conducted by using reported mumps cases in childcare centers or schools from Lu an, Hefei, Ma anshan and Huainan cities of Anhui Province from September 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024, as a case group(383 cases). And healthy children in the same classroom were selected as a control group(766 cases). The MuCV immunization histories of participants were collected to estimate the incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV against mumps. Group comparisons were performed using the Chi square test or t-test. For matched case-control pairs, the Cox regression model was employed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for two dose MuCV vaccination and to estimate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the case and control groups regarding gender, age, dosage of MuCV vaccination and the time interval since the last dose vaccination( χ 2/t=0.05, 0.20, 0.94, -0.02, P >0.05). The proportions of the case and control groups vaccinated with two doses of MuCV were 26.63% and 29.37%, respectively, and the overall incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 40.73% (95% CI=3.03%-63.77%, P <0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the incremental VE for children with a period of ≥1 year between the two doses of MuCV was 54.13% (95% CI=1.90%-78.56%, P <0.05), while for children with a period of <1 year, it was 30.63% (95% CI=-28.59%-62.58%, P >0.05). The incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 30.36% (95% CI=-25.95%-61.50%, P >0.05) in kindergarten children and 66.73% (95% CI=14.92%-86.99%, P <0.05) in elementary and secondary school students. The incremental VE was 28.78% (95% CI=-27.46%-60.21%, P >0.05) within five years of the last dose of MuCV vaccination and 66.07% (95% CI=-41.56%-91.87%, P >0.05) for vaccinations administered beyond five years. Conclusions The second dose of MuCV may offer additional protection for children; however, extending the interval between two dose of MuCV (<1 year) has shown limited incremental protective effects. Therefore, it is crucial to consider optimizing current immunization strategies for mumps.

Pathological vascular remodeling is a hallmark of various vascular diseases. Previous research has established the significance of andrographolide in maintaining gastric vascular homeostasis and its pivotal role in modulating endothelial barrier dysfunction, which leads to pathological vascular remodeling. Potassium dehydroandrographolide succinate (PDA), a derivative of andrographolide, has been clinically utilized in the treatment of inflammatory diseases precipitated by viral infections. This study investigates the potential of PDA in regulating pathological vascular remodeling. The effect of PDA on vascular remodeling was assessed through the complete ligation of the carotid artery in C57BL/6 mice. Experimental approaches, including rat aortic primary smooth muscle cell culture, flow cytometry, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, Boyden chamber cell migration assay, spheroid sprouting assay, and Matrigel-based tube formation assay, were employed to evaluate the influence of PDA on the proliferation and motility of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Molecular docking simulations and co-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to examine protein interactions. The results revealed that PDA exacerbates vascular injury-induced pathological remodeling, as evidenced by enhanced neointima formation. PDA treatment significantly increased the proliferation and migration of SMCs. Further mechanistic studies disclosed that PDA upregulated myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression in SMCs and interacted with T-cadherin (CDH13). This interaction augmented proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition, culminating in pathological vascular remodeling. Our findings underscore the critical role of PDA in the regulation of pathological vascular remodeling, mediated through the MyD88/CDH13 signaling pathway.
Mice ; Rats ; Animals ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism* ; Vascular Remodeling ; Cell Proliferation ; Vascular System Injuries/pathology* ; Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Cell Movement ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction ; Succinates/pharmacology* ; Potassium/pharmacology* ; Cells, Cultured ; Diterpenes ; Cadherins

Objective:To review the clinical status based on the best evidence of drug administration in patients with dysphagia, systematically analyze the obstacle factors and promoting factors in the process of evidence transformation, and formulate reform strategies.Methods:Based on the evidence-based nursing research method and the guidance of the Ottawa Model of Research Use (OMRU), the review indicators were developed based on the best evidence. The current status of clinical practice behaviors of 223 patients and 75 nurses in the Neurology, Neurosurgery and Geriatric departments of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were reviewed from July to December 2021.Based on the results of the review, qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 potential adopters, and content analysis was used to assess the barriers and contributing factors to the clinical translation of evidence in three aspects: evidence-based change, potential adopters and practice environment, so as to develop effective strategies.Results:Based on the 22 best evidence selected, the evidence-based team developed 25 review indicators to carry out clinical review, showing that the compliance rate of 16 indicators were less than 60%. By analyzing and summarizing the interview results of potential adopters, the main obstacles leading to the low compliance rate of nurses were analyzed as follows: evidence-based reform changed the traditional work mode, and the application of evidence was not convenient; at the level of potential adopters, nurses had poor knowledge and practice, heavy work burden, and low awareness of patients and caregivers; at the level of practice environment, there was lack of nursing norms and procedures for clinical transformation of evidence, and the channels of multi-disciplinary collaboration and communication were not smooth. The main promoting factors were the perfect supervision mechanism of evidence-based nursing projects, the evidence-based group had rich experience in evidence transformation, the management was willing to change, and the practitioners were good at innovation.Conclusions:There is still a large gap between the clinical practice and the best evidence of drug administration in patients with dysphagia. The promoting factors should be fully utilized to overcome the obstacles and implement improvements to promote the effective transformation of evidence into clinical practice.

Objective:To explore the correlation between post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),resilience and quality of life of front-line medical staff in public health emergencies.Methods:From Nov to Dec 2020,the medical staff of 4 COVID-19 designated hospitals in Wuhan were investigated with the general demographic questionnaire,10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and Simplify Qualify of Life Scale.Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to investigate the correlation between PTSD,resilience and quality of life.Results:A total of 545 questionnaires were collected in this survey and the valid effective rate was 97.8% (533/545).The score of psychological resilience,PTSD and quality of life of medical staff were 26(20,30),17(8,25),and 20(18,23),respectively.And 13.1% (70/533)of medical staff had obvious PTSD symptoms.There were significant differences in the score of quality of life among medical staff with different genders,occupations and PTSD levels.Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the score of PTSD was negatively correlated with quality of life and psychological resilience(r=-0.488 and-0.464,P＜0.01).The score of psychological resilience was positively correlated with the score of quality of life(r =0.578,P＜0.01).Psychological resilience and PTSD were important predictors of quality of life,with an explanatory capacity of 37.0% .Conclusions:PTSD is a risk factor for quality of life,and psychological resilience is a protective factor for quality of life.In public health emergencies,improving psychological resilience,preventing and treating PTSD can improve the quality of life of medical staff.

The purpose of this study was to explore the improving effect of Anshen Dingzhi Prescription (ADP) on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like behavior in mice and its mechanisms. The main chemical components of ADP were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The AD-like mouse model was induced by D-galactose (D-gal) combined with Aβ_1-42 oligomer (AβO). The effect of ADP on AD-like behavior in mice was assessed using various behavioral experiments; pathomorphological changes in mouse hippocampal tissue were observed by Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy; ELISA was used in the assessment of oxidative stress factors and inflammation-related factor levels; Western blot was performed to detect the expression of Aβ, Tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) proteins. The active components of ADP were screened according to TCMSP and HERB database, and the action targets of active components were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction platform. In addition, the targets of AD were predicted through DisGeNET database. Further, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of common targets was carried out by Metascape database. Combined with the results of GO and KEGG analysis, in vivo experiments were carried out to explore the potential mechanism of ADP improving AD-like behavior in mice from the PI3K/Akt, calcium signal pathway and synaptic function. Finally, the core components of ADP were molecularly docked to the validated targets using Autodock Vina. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: AHUCM-mouse-2021080). The results showed that the five chemical components, including ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, tenuifolin, poricoic acid B and α-asarone were found in the ADP. ADP significantly improved the anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment, protected hippocampal neurons, decreased the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, and inhibited the expression of Aβ and p-Tau induced by D-galactose combined with AβO in mice. The results of network pharmacology suggested that PI3K/Akt, calcium signal pathway and cell components related to postsynaptic membrane might be the key factors for ADP to improve AD. Animal experiments revealed that ADP up-regulated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A (GluN2A), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), calpain-1, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and inhibited p-GluN2B and calpain-2 expression in the hippocampus of AD-like mice. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the core components of ADP, such as panaxacol, dehydroeburicoic acid, deoxyharringtonine, etc. had a high binding ability with the validated targets GRIN2A, GRIN2B, PSD95, etc. In summary, our results indicate ADP improves AD-like pathological and behavioral changes induced by D-galactose combined with AβO in mice, and the mechanism might be related to the NMDAR/calpain axis and Akt/CREB/BDNF pathway.

Objective Through a multi-software visual analysis of the literature on the influence of T cells on rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in recent ten years,the research hotspot and frontier development in this field were summarized.Methods The Chinese and English literature on the influence of T cells on RA from 2012 to 2022 years was retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science database as the research object.CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the number of publications,authors and keywords.Results 519 articles in Chinese and 861 in English were retrieved.The results showed that the number of articles in Chinese increased slowly from 2020 to 2022 years,while the overall trend in English was stable.Keyword analysis shows that it is predicted that future research in this field will focus on the pathogenesis of T cells in RA,the mechanism of bone destruction in RA,disease activity,oxidative stress.Conclusion The influence of T cells on RA has attracted much attention in the past,present and future,and has great research value.However,due to the differences in research priorities at home and abroad,the teams should interact positively and communicate with each other to reveal the internal mechanism of RA and provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy.

Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have a good prognosis after radioiodine-131 therapy,but a small number of patients are insensitive to radioiodine-131 therapy and even continue to develop disease.At present,some targeted drugs can improve progression-free survival in patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC),such as sorafenib and levatinib,have been approved for the treatment of RAIR-DTC.However,due to the presence of primary and acquired drug resistance,drug efficacy in these patients is unsatisfactory.This review introduces the acquired drug resistance mechanism of sorafenib in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)pathways and proposes related treatment strategies,in order to provide a reference for similar drug resistance mechanism of sorafenib and effective treatment of RAIR-DTC.

Objective This study investigated the impact of occupational mercury(Hg)exposure on human gene transcription and expression,and its potential biological mechanisms. Methods Differentially expressed genes related to Hg exposure were identified and validated using gene expression microarray analysis and extended validation.Hg-exposed cell models and PTEN low-expression models were established in vitro using 293T cells.PTEN gene expression was assessed using qRT-PCR,and Western blotting was used to measure PTEN,AKT,and PI3K protein levels.IL-6 expression was determined by ELISA. Results Combined findings from gene expression microarray analysis,bioinformatics,and population expansion validation indicated significant downregulation of the PTEN gene in the high-concentration Hg exposure group.In the Hg-exposed cell model(25 and 10 μmol/L),a significant decrease in PTEN expression was observed,accompanied by a significant increase in PI3K,AKT,and IL-6 expression.Similarly,a low-expression cell model demonstrated that PTEN gene knockdown led to a significant decrease in PTEN protein expression and a substantial increase in PI3K,AKT,and IL-6 levels. Conclusion This is the first study to report that Hg exposure downregulates the PTEN gene,activates the PI3K/AKT regulatory pathway,and increases the expression of inflammatory factors,ultimately resulting in kidney inflammation.