Objective To investigate the association between auditory processing and problem behaviors in preschool children,as well as the mediating role of executive function.Methods A total of 2 342 preschool children were selected from 7 kindergartens in Nanjing,China from June to August 2021.They were evaluated using Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale,Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire,and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool version.Children with different demographic features were compared in the scores and the abnormality rates of auditory processing,problem behaviors,and executive function.The influencing factors of the total scores of auditory processing,problem behaviors,and executive function were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.Whether executive function was a mediating factor between auditory processing and executive function was examined.Results Sex and grade were the main influencing factors for the total score of auditory processing(P<0.05),and sex,grade,parental education level,and family economic status were the main influencing factors for the total scores of problem behaviors and executive function(P<0.05).The auditory processing score(rs= 0.458,P<0.05)and problem behavior score(rs=0.185,P<0.05)were significantly positively correlated with the executive function score,and the auditory processing score was significantly positively correlated with the problem behavior score(rs=0.423,P<0.05).Executive function played a partial mediating role between auditory processing and problem behaviors,and the mediating effect accounted for 33.44% of the total effect.Conclusions Auditory processing can directly affect the problem behaviors of preschool children and indirectly affect problem behaviors through executive function.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):174-180]

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of auditory processing (AP) in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale (hereafter referred to as "auditory processing scale"). METHODS: A total of 41 children with ADHD and 41 typically developing (TD) children were assessed using the auditory processing scale, SNAP-IV rating scale, and Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). The auditory processing scale score was compared between the TD and ADHD groups. The correlations of the score with SNAP-IV and K-CPT scores were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with the TD group, the ADHD group had significantly higher total score of the auditory processing scale and scores of all dimensions except visual attention (P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the total score of the auditory processing scale (r_s30=0.531, P<0.05; r_s27=0.627, P<0.05) as well as the scores of its subdimensions, including auditory decoding (r_s=0.628, P<0.05), auditory attention (r_s=0.492, P<0.05), and communication (r_s=0.399, P<0.05). The hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the auditory processing scale (r_s=0.429, P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the K-CPT was positively correlated with the total score (r_s30=0.574, P<0.05; r_s27=0.485, P<0.05) and the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score (r_s=0.602, P<0.05) of the auditory processing scale. CONCLUSIONS Preschool children with ADHD have the risk of AP abnormalities, and the auditory processing scale should be used early for the screening and evaluation of AP abnormalities in children.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Schools ; Auditory Perception

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tibetan medicine Ruyi Zhenbao Pills (RZPs) in the treatment of patients with motor and sensory dysfunction after stroke. METHODS: A total of 120 convalescent stroke patients hospitalized in the Rehabilitation Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from June 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in this trial. Patients were assigned to control (60 cases) and research (60 cases) groups by computer random assignment. All patients received internal treatment and modern rehabilitation training. On this basis, the research group was given oral RZPs for 4 weeks, while the control group was given oral placebo. The primary outcome was motor function of the affected side evaluated by simplified Fugl-Meyer Motion Assessment Scale (FMA-M). The secondary outcomes included sensory function, activity of daily living (ADL), quality of life, balance function, and pain, which were assessed by Fugl-Meyer Sensory Assessment Scale (FMA-S), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Special Scale of the Quality of Life (SS-QOL), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively. All of the assessments were performed before treatment, and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Vital signs, liver and kidney functions, routine blood test, blood coagulation profile, and routine urinalysis of patients were monitored. RESULTS: After 4-week treatment, the FMA-M, BBS and FMA-S scores in the research group significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). At 8-week follow-up, the BBS and MBI scores in the research group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in the SS-QOL and VAS scores at 4 and 8 weeks (P>0.05). Moreover, after treatment, there was no significant difference in vital signs, liver and kidney functions, blood coagulation function, blood routine and urinalysis between the 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION RZPs improved limb motor, balance, and sensory functions of stroke patients during recovery period with good safety. (Trial registration No. NCT04029701).
Activities of Daily Living ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Stroke/drug therapy* ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To compare the application effect of the colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and novel risk-adapted screening approach in colorectal cancer screening in Xuzhou population. Methods: From May 2018 to April 2019, 4 280 subjects aged 50-74 were recruited from Gulou district, Yunlong district and Quanshan district of Xuzhou. They were randomly assigned to the colonoscopy group (n=863), FIT group (n=1 723) and novel risk-adapted screening approach group (n=1 694) according to the ratio of 1∶2∶2. For the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, after the risk assessment, high-risk subjects were invited to undergo colonoscopy and low-risk subjects were invited to undergo FIT examination. All FIT positive subjects were invited to undergo colonoscopy. Colonoscopy participation rate [(the number of colonoscopies completed/the number of colonoscopies invited to participate)×100%], detection rate of colorectal lesions [(the number of diagnosed patients/the number of colonoscopies completed)×100%], colonoscopy resource load (the number of colonoscopies completed/the number of diagnosed advanced tumors) and FIT resource load in each group were calculated and compared. Results: The age of all subjects was (61±6) years old, including 1 816 males (42.43%). There was no statistically significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects in different screening groups. The colonoscopy participation rate was 22.60% (195/863) in the colonoscopy group, 57.04% (77/135) in the FIT group, and 33.94% (149/439) in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, respectively. The colonoscopy participation rate was higher in the FIT group than in the colonoscopy group and the novel risk-adapted screening approach group (P<0.001). The colonoscopy participation rate of novel risk-adapted screening group was significantly higher than the colonoscopy group (P<0.001). The detection rates of advanced tumors were 6.67% (13/195), 9.09% (7/77) and 8.72% (13/149), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The colonoscopy resource load (95%CI) was 15 (13-17) in the colonoscopy group, 11 (9-14) in the FIT group and 11 (10-13) in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, respectively. Among them, the colonoscopy resource load of high-risk individuals in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group was 12 (9-15). FIT resource loads (95%CI) were 207 (196-218) and 88 (83-94) in the FIT group and the novel risk-adapted screening approach group. Conclusion: The combined application of risk-adapted screening approach and FIT may have a good application effect in colorectal cancer screening.
Aged ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Feces ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Occult Blood

To assess the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine injection for adjuvant treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children by network Meta-analysis method. We retrieved CNKI, WanFang, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed from the establishment to September 2018. Two reviewers independently screened out literatures, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The data were analyzed by Stata 13.0 software. Totally 89 RCTs were included, involving 8 kinds of traditional Chinese medical injections and 8 936 patients. According to the results of network Meta-analysis, the order by the total effective rate from high to low was Huangqi Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Compound Danshen Injection>Reduning Injection>Yanhuning Injection>Qingkailing Injection>Xixinnao Injection; the order by cooling time from high to low was Reduning Injection> Yanhuning Injection>Qingkailing Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Huangqi Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Xiexinnao Injection>Compound Danshen Injection; the order by the cough disappeared time from high to low was Compound Danshen Injection>Qingkailing Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Huangqi Injection>Yanhuning Injection>Reduning Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Xixinnao Injection; the order by the rales disappearing time from high to low was Qingkailing Injection>Yanhuning Injection>Reduning Injection>Huangqi Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Xixinnao Injection. The results show that traditional Chinese medicine injection has a significant clinical efficacy in the adjuvant treatment of various symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Due to the small sample size, more studies are required to verify the strength of evidence.
Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy*

To establish a quality constant evaluation system of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces,in order to provide reference for regulating the market circulation of this decoction pieces. A total of 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces were collected from different pharmaceutical factories,and the morphological parameters of each sample were tested. The content of alisol B 23-acetate in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was determined by HPLC in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the parameters such as quality constant and relative quality constant were calculated. The quality constant range of 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was 0. 390-2. 076. If 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces were divided into 3 grades,taking 80% of the maximum quality constant as first grade,50% to 80% as second grade,and the rest as third grade,then the quality constant of firstgrade samples was ≥1. 66,the quality constant of second-grade samples was ≥1. 04 and <1. 66,and the quality constant of third-grade samples was <1. 04. The established quality constant evaluation method is objective and feasible,which can be used to classify the grade of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces and provide a reference method to control the quality of this decoction pieces.
Alisma ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Jiangxi province from 2011 to 2017，thereby providing reference for future prevention and control work. Methods We analyzed the case information reported in the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System of Jiangxi Province during 2011-2017 by combining with the monitoring data. Results A total of 239 cases were recorded over these six years, with an average incidence rate of 0.08/100 000. Most cases and agglomerations were concentrated in the Nanchang area (48 cases/4 cases), with the case distribution ranging from 1 in 2011 to all in 2016, and the number of counties(districts) involved had increased from 1 in 2011 to 68 in 2017, which increased rapidly year by year ( 2= 94.31, P<0.001). The gender ratio was 3.12 ∶〗1(181 ∶〗58). Most cases were concentrated in the 40-65 age group, while farmers and herdsmen were high-risk population, accounting for 59.83 % (143/239). The incidence of brucellosis peaked from May to September (May peak and September peak). In 2012-2017, 7 160 blood samples were collected from risk population, with 95 being positive for Brucella (1.33 %). From 2013 to 2017, 62 strains of the Brucella, 4 were Brucella melitensis type1, 54 were Brucella melitensis type3 and 4 were Brucella suis were isolated from 193 cases. Conclusions The human brucellosis was aggravated in Jiangxi province, with the expansion of regional scope. Therefore, more efforts should be focused on regulation to prevent and control brucellosis better.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFRS and rodent monitoring data in JiangXi province from 2012 to 2017, so as to provide scientific basis for controlling HFRS prevalence. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the changes in time, region, and population morbidity of HFRS and rodent monitoring data from 2012 to 2017 in the province. Results From 2012 to 2017, there were 3 763 HFRS cases with 33 deaths reported in JiangXi province, the incidence was 1.38/100 000, the case fatality was 0.88%.The incidence in males was significantly higher than that in females( 2＝452.282, P<0.001).In the composition of occupation,the proprotion of farmers was decreased, while household workers, workers waiting for employment, students and other occupations were increased.There were two peaks in spring (from May to June) and winter (from November to January), and the winter peak was obviously higher than the spring peak. The average rat density at the two surveillance areas was 3.63%. Rattus norvegicus was predominant in residential areas and Apodemus agrarius was predominant in the wild.The six years on average index of rats with virus was 0.04. Conclusion The incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in JiangXi Province generally showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2017, which suggest that we should continue to strengthen comprehensive prevention and control measures: rodent control in high-incidence areas, popularize vaccination and replenishment, and carry out health education for the whole population.

Objective To systematically and quantitatively evaluate the relationship of rs12252 polymorphism in IFITM3 gene and susceptibility to influenza in Chinese population. Methods The databases of Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and VIP were searched to retrieve the articles which focused on the topic of relationship between the rs12252 polymorphism and susceptibility to influenza in Chinese population. Meta-analysis method was used to comprehensively and quantitatively analyze the enrolled articles. Results Seven papers with a total of 919 influenza cases were involved in this article. Influenza virus involved influenza A (H7N9, H1N1 pmd09, H3N2) and influenza B. Study-based sequential meta-analysis of the study showed that the total sample size of this study have achieved the required sample size to obtain stable positive results. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the rs12252 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to influenza in Chinese population and that the rs12252C polymorphism in IFITM3 gene was more susceptible to have influenza in Chinese people (C vs T: OR=1.67, 95% CI:1.45-1.92; CC vs TT: OR=2.61, 95% CI:1.97-3.46; TC vs TT: OR= 1.55, 95% CI:1.20-2.00; CC vs TC+TT: OR= 2.01, 95% CI:1.49-2.72; CC+TC vs TT: OR =8.90, 95% CI:4.94-16.06). Conclusion the rs12252 polymorphism of IFITM3 gene was a risk factor for influenza in Chinese population.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the erythrocyte membrane protein gene mutations and the clinical severity of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). Methods: Targeted sequencings were performed on 25 HS patients, correlation between HS mutations and patients' clinical characteristics were evaluated. Results: A total of 25 HS patients were enrolled, including 13 males and 12 females with median age of 20 (4-55) years, including 9 compensatory hemolysis patients, 9 patients with mild anemia, 3 patients with moderate anemia and 4 patients with severe anemia. Of them, 18 patients (72%) harbored HS-related mutations, including ANK1 mutation in 6 cases, SLC4A1 mutation in 6 cases, SPTB mutation in 5 cases and 1 case with EPB41 mutation. Seven patients (28%) didn't carry common HS mutations. SPTB and SLC4A1 mutations mainly affected male patients. There was no significant difference between the age of diagnosis (P=0.130) and HGB level (P=0.585) in patients with HS mutation and those without mutation, however, the EMA binding fluorescence intensity (P=0.015), AGLT50 (P=0.032) and EOF minimal hemolytic concentration (P=0.027) were significantly different in these two groups of HS patients. Conclusion: To screen erythrocyte membrane protein coding gene mutations could favor the diagnosis of HS, and patients without mutations have mild clinical phenotype.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Female ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Spherocytosis, Hereditary ; Young Adult