ObjectiveTo investigate the role of 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in modulating the metabolic homeostasis of the pyruvate-lactate axis in the hippocampus of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to improve their depressive-like behavior. MethodsForty-eight SPF-grade 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal quiet group (C), the CUMS quiet group (M), the normal exercise group (HC), and the CUMS exercise group (HM). The M and HM groups received 8 weeks of CUMS modeling, while the HC and HM groups were exposed to 4 weeks of HIIT starting from the 5th week (3 min (85%-90%) S_max+1 min (50%-55%) S_max, 3-5 cycles, S_max is the maximum movement speed). A lactate analyzer was used to detect the blood lactate concentration in the quiet state of rats in the HC and HM groups at week 4 and in the 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after exercise, as well as in the quiet state of rats in each group at week 8. Behavioral indexes such as sucrose preference rate, number of times of uprightness and number of traversing frames in the absenteeism experiment, and other behavioral indexes were used to assess the depressive-like behavior of the rats at week 4 and week 8. The rats were anesthetized on the next day after the behavioral test in week 8, and hippocampal tissues were taken for assay. LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics, target quantification, ELISA and Western blot were used to detect the changes in metabolite content, lactate and pyruvate concentration, the content of key metabolic enzymes in the pyruvate-lactate axis, and the protein expression levels of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Results4-week HIIT intervention significantly increased the sucrose preference rate, the number of uprights and the number of traversed frames in the absent field experiment in CUMS rats; non-targeted metabolomics assay found that 21 metabolites were significantly changed in group M compared to group C, and 14 and 11 differential metabolites were significantly dialed back in the HC and HM groups, respectively, after the 4-week HIIT intervention; the quantitative results of the targeting showed that, compared to group C, lactate concentration in the hippocampal tissues of M group, compared with group C, lactate concentration in hippocampal tissue was significantly reduced and pyruvate concentration was significantly increased, and 4-week HIIT intervention significantly increased the concentration of lactate and pyruvate in hippocampal tissue of HM group; the trend of changes in blood lactate concentration was consistent with the change in lactate concentration in hippocampal tissue; compared with group C, the LDHB content of group M was significantly increased, the content of PKM2 and PDH, as well as the protein expression level of MCT2 and MCT4 were significantly reduced. The 4-week HIIT intervention upregulated the PKM2 and PDH content as well as the protein expression levels of MCT2 and MCT4 in the HM group. ConclusionThe 4-week HIIT intervention upregulated blood lactate concentration and PKM2 and PDH metabolizing enzymes in hippocampal tissues of CUMS rats, and upregulated the expression of MCT2 and MCT4 transport carrier proteins to promote central lactate uptake and utilization, which regulated metabolic homeostasis of the pyruvate-lactate axis and improved depressive-like behaviors.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and to explore its potential mechanisms. MethodsA total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (C), model (M), control plus HIIT (HC), and model plus HIIT (HM). Rats in groups M and HM underwent 8 weeks of CUMS to establish depression-like behaviors, while groups HC and HM received HIIT intervention beginning from the 5th week for 4 consecutive weeks. The HIIT protocol consisted of repeated intervals of 3 min at high speed (85%-90% maximal training speed, S_max) alternated with one minute at low speed (50%-55% S_max), with 3 to 5 sets per session, conducted 5 d per week. Behavioral assessments and tail-vein blood lactate levels were measured at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks. After the intervention, rat PFC tissues were collected for Golgi staining to analyze synaptic morphology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were employed to detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), lactate, and glutamate levels in the PFC, as well as serotonin (5-HT) levels in serum. Additionally, Western blot analysis was conducted to quantify the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins, including c-Fos, activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1). ResultsCompared to the control group (C), the CUMS-exposed rats (group M) exhibited significant reductions in sucrose preference rates, number of grid crossings, frequency of upright postures, and entries into and duration spent in open arms of the elevated plus maze, indicating marked depressive-like behaviors. Additionally, the group M showed significantly reduced dendritic spine density in the PFC, along with elevated levels of c-Fos, Arc, NMDAR1 protein expression, and increased concentrations of lactate and glutamate. Conversely, BDNF and MCT1 contents in the PFC and 5-HT levels in serum were significantly decreased. Following HIIT intervention, rats in the group HM displayed considerable improvement in behavioral indicators compared with the group M, accompanied by significant elevations in PFC MCT1 and lactate concentrations. Furthermore, HIIT notably normalized the expression levels of c-Fos, Arc, NMDAR1, as well as glutamate and BDNF contents in the PFC. Synaptic spine density also exhibited significant recovery. ConclusionFour weeks of HIIT intervention may alleviate depressive-like behaviors in CUMS rats by increasing lactate levels and reducing glutamate concentration in the PFC, thereby downregulating the overexpression of NMDAR, attenuating excitotoxicity, and enhancing synaptic plasticity.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determining the contents of clopidogrel （CLP）， clopidogrel carboxylate （CLP-C）， clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide （CLP-G） and contents of clopidogrel active metabolite （CAM） in rat plasma， and to investigate their in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS The Shisedo CAPCELL ADME column was used with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile （both containing 0.1% formic acid） in a gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min， and the column temperature was maintained at 20 ℃. The injection volume was 2 μL. The analysis was performed in positive ion mode using electrospray ionization with multiple reaction monitoring. The ion pairs for quantitative analysis were m/z 322.1→211.9 （for CLP）， m/z 308.1→197.9 （for CLP-C）， m/z 322.1→154.8 （for CLP-G）， m/z 504.1→154.9 [for racemic CAM derivative （CAMD）]. Six rats were administered a single intragastric dose of CLP （10 mg/kg）. Blood samples were collected before medication and at 0.08， 0.33， 0.66， 1， 2， 4， 6， 10， 23 and 35 hours after medication. The established method was used to detect the serum contents of various components in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were then calculated using WinNonlin 6.1 software. RESULTS The linear ranges for CLP， CLP-C and CAMD were 0.08-20.00， 205.00-8 000.00， and 0.04-25.00 ng/mL， respectively （r≥0.990）. The relative standard deviations for both intra-day and inter-day precision tests were all less than 15%， and the relative errors for accuracy ranged from －11.68% to 14.40%. The coefficients of variation for the matrix factors were all less than 15%， meeting the requirements for bioanalytical method validation. The results of the pharmacokinetic study revealed that， following a single intagastric administration of CLP in rats， the exposure to the parent CLP in plasma was extremely low. Both the area under the drug concentration-time curve （AUC0-35 h） and the peak concentration of the parent CLP were lower than those of its metabolites. The AUC0-35 h of the active metabolite CAM was approximately 43 times that of CLP， though it had a shorter half-life （2.53 h）. The inactive metabolite CLP-C exhibited the highest exposure level， but it reached its peak concentration the latest and was eliminated slowly. The AUC0-35 h of CLP-G was about four times that of CAM， and its half-life was similar to that of CLP-C. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully established an liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of CLP and its three metabolites， and revealed their pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. Specifically， the parent drug CLP was rapidly eliminated， while the inactive metabolites CLP-C and CLP-G exhibited long half-lives， and active metabolite CAM displayed a transient exposure pattern.

Objective:To explore the clinical application pathway of the CT generative adversarial networks (CTGANs) algorithm in mandibular reconstruction surgery, aiming to provide a valuable reference for this procedure.Methods:A clinical exploratory study was conducted, 27 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2022 and January 2024 and required mandibular reconstruction were selected. The cohort included 16 males and 11 females, with the age of (46.6±11.5) years; among them, 7 cases involved mandibular defects crossing the midline. The CTGANs generator produced 100 images, and the mean squared error (MSE) was calculated for differences between any two generated images. Preoperative cone-beam CT data from 5 patients were used to construct a labeled test database, divided into groups: normal maxilla, normal mandible, diseased mandible, and noise (each group containing 70 cross-sectional images). The CTGANs discriminator was used to evaluate the loss values for each group, and one-way ANOVA and intergroup comparisons were performed. Using the self-developed KuYe multioutcome-option-network generation system (KMG) software, the three-dimensional (3D) completion area of the mandible under cone-beam CT was defined for the 27 patients. The CTGANs algorithm was applied to obtain a reference model for the mandible. Virtual surgery was then performed, utilizing the fibular segment to reconstruct the mandible and design the surgical expectation model. The second-generation combined bone-cutting and prebent reconstruction plate positioning method was used to design and 3D print surgical guides, which were subsequently applied in mandibular reconstruction surgery for the 27 patients. Postoperative cone-beam CT was used to compare the morphology of the reconstructed mandible with the surgical expectation model and the mandibular reference model to assess the three-dimensional deviation.Results:The MSE for the CTGANs generator was 2 411.9±833.6 (95% CI: 2 388.7-2 435.1). No significant difference in loss values was found between the normal mandible and diseased mandible groups ( P>0.05), while both groups demonstrated significantly lower loss values than the maxilla and noise groups ( P<0.001). All 27 patients successfully obtained mandibular reference models and surgical expectation models. In total, 14 162 negative deviation points and 15 346 positive deviation points were observed when comparing the reconstructed mandible morphology with the surgical expectation model, with mean deviations of -1.32 mm (95% CI:-1.33- -1.31 mm) and 1.90 mm (95% CI: 1.04-1.06 mm), respectively. Conclusions:The CTGANs algorithm is capable of generating diverse mandibular reference models that reflect the natural anatomical characteristics of the mandible and closely match individual patient morphology, thereby facilitating the design of surgical expectation models. This method shows promise for application in patients with mandibular defects crossing the midline.

Objective:To construct a remote screening network for breast cancer based on automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and explore the value of ABUS with remote reading for breast cancer screening.Methods:We constructed a remote breast cancer screening network including one remote reading center and 48 image-acquisition centers. We recruited women to participate in breast cancer screening at one of these image-acquisition centers from January 2021 to January 2023. The technicians collected the whole breast images using the ABUS. The images were then sent to the reading center through the PVBUS System and interpreted independently by two radiologists using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). BI-RADS categories 1 and 2 indicate negative screening results, and women diagnosed with these categories were recommended for annual breast ultrasound screening. BI-RADS categories 3, 4, and 5 indicate positive results. Women with BI-RADS category 3 lesions were recommended for follow-up examinations every 6 months using ABUS or handheld ultrasound, while those with BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were suggested to undergo pathological examinations.Results:In our study, we enrolled 10 344 women who completed the ABUS screening and were followed up for more than 12 months. After remote reading, 6 164 women were diagnosed with BI-RADS category 1 and 2 626 woman were within BI-RADS category 2. In contrast, 1 404 women were within BI-RADS category 3, a total of 135 women were within BI-RADS category 4, and 15 women were within BI-RADS category 5. The positive screening rate of ABUS was 15.0% (1 554/10 344). The ABUS with remote reading had a detection rate of 3.7/1 000 (38/10 344) for breast cancer screening, with a sensitivity of 97.4% (38/39) and a specificity of 85.3% (8 789/10 305). Among the 38 breast cancer cases detected, 92.1% (35/38) were invasive carcinomas, and 63.2% (24/38) were stage 0 or Ⅰ breast cancers.Conclusions:Breast cancer screening based on ABUS with remote reading provided an efficient and feasible solution to the problem of unevenly distributed medical resources and medical staff levels in various regions of China, enabling the decentralization of high-quality medical resources and improving the accessibility of high-quality screening services. It has provided an alternative for breast cancer screening in China.

Objective:To explore the effect of neutrophil elastase(NE)on neutrophil inflammatory recruitment.Methods:Mice bone marrow-derived neutrophils were pretreated with an exogenous elastase inhibitor-sivelestat sodium.The effects of elastase inhibition on the in vivo inflammatory recruitment,chemotaxis,adhesion,cell polarization and spreading of NE were examined by peritonitis adoptive transfer assay,dunn chamber,flow chamber,immunofluorescence staining and spreading assay,respectively.The effects of elastase inhibition on NE phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS)release capacity were detected by flow cytom-etry and the luminol chemiluminescence system.Results:Sivelestat sodium pretreatment significantly attenuated neutrophil in vivo in-flammatory recruitment(P<0.001);impaired neutrophil perception of chemotaxis in vitro(P<0.05),slowed chemotactic velocity(P<0.05),and decreased the chemotactic distance(P<0.05);reduced the adhesion of neutrophils to inflamed endothelial cells(P<0.000 1)and inhibited the phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils(P<0.01);however,there was no significant effect on neutrophil spreading,polarization and ROS.Conclusion:NE inhibition significantly impaired the inflammatory recruitment cascade response and phagocyto-sis of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo but had no significant effect on the spreading,polarization and ROS release of neutrophils.

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread to the whole world for three years and has had a serious impact on human life, health and economic activities. China's epidemic prevention and control has gone through the following stages: emergency unconventional stage, emergency normalization stage, and the transitional stage from the emergency normalization to the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category B" normalization, and achieved a major and decisive victory. The designated hospitals for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin has successfully completed its tasks in all stages of epidemic prevention and control, and has accumulated valuable experience. This article summarizes the experience of constructing a hospital infection prevention and control system during the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A" period in designated hospital. The experience is summarized as the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system, namely "three rings" outside, middle and inside, "three districts" of green, orange and red, "three things" before, during and after the event, "two-day pre-purification" and "two-director system", and "one zone" management. In emergency situations, we adopt a simplified version of the cluster hospital infection prevention and control system. In emergency situations, a simplified version of the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system can be adopted. This system has the following characteristics: firstly, the system emphasizes the characteristics of "cluster" and the overall management of key measures to avoid any shortcomings. The second, it emphasizes the transformation of infection control concepts to maximize the safety of medical services through infection control. The third, it emphasizes the optimization of the process. The prevention and control measures should be comprehensive and focused, while also preventing excessive use. The measures emphasize the use of the least resources to achieve the best infection control effect. The fourth, it emphasizes the quality control work of infection control, pays attention to the importance of the process, and advocates the concept of "system slimming, process fattening". Fifthly, it emphasizes that the future development depends on artificial intelligence, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of prevention and control to the greatest extent. Sixth, hospitals need to strengthen continuous training and retraining. We utilize diverse training methods, including artificial intelligence, to ensure that infection control policies and procedures are simple. We have established an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure that medical personnel are in an emergency state at all times.

Background::Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are known to be at a significant risk of experiencing long-term adverse events, emphasizing the importance of regular assessments. Evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves as a direct method to gauge prognosis. Our objective is to ascertain the prognostic significance of consecutive HRQoL assessments using the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) derived from the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health survey in CABG patients.Methods::The study population consisted of 433 patients who underwent isolated elective CABG at Fuwai Hospital between 2012 and 2013. SF-36 assessments were conducted during both the hospitalization period and follow-up. The primary endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality, while the secondary outcome was a composite measure including death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization. We assessed the relationships between the PCS and MCS at baseline, as well as their changes during the first 6 months after the surgery (referred to as ΔPCS and ΔMCS, respectively), and the observed outcomes.Results::The patients were followed for an average of 6.28 years, during which 35 individuals (35/433, 8.1%) died. After adjusting for clinical variables, it was observed that baseline MCS scores (hazard ratio [HR] for a 1-standard deviation [SD] decrease, 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.30) and ΔMCS (HR for a 1-SD decrease, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.09–2.56) were associated with all-cause mortality. However, baseline PCS scores and ΔPCS did not exhibit a significant relationship with all-cause mortality. Notably, there was a dose-response relationship observed between ΔMCS and the likelihood of all-cause mortality (HRs for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles compared to the 1st quartile, 0.33, 0.45 and 0.11, respectively).Conclusions::Baseline MCS and changes in MCS were independent predictors for long-term mortality of CABG. Better mental health status and recovery indicated better prognosis.

Hepatohilar cholangiocarcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system,and radical surgery is one of the important treatment methods.Due to the narrow space at the hi-lum and the high rate of anatomical variation,radical surgery is challenging.By using medical imag-ing technology and 3D reconstruction,surgeons can accurately determine the stage and classifica-tion of hilar cholangiocarcinoma preoperatively.They can assess the tumor's resectability by Ac-cording to the bile duct separation limit points(U point,P point)and anticipate the impact of portal vein,bile duct,and arterial variations on the surgical plan,thereby improving the rate of radical re-section and reducing complication rates.

Objective:To construct a remote screening network for breast cancer based on automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and explore the value of ABUS with remote reading for breast cancer screening.Methods:We constructed a remote breast cancer screening network including one remote reading center and 48 image-acquisition centers. We recruited women to participate in breast cancer screening at one of these image-acquisition centers from January 2021 to January 2023. The technicians collected the whole breast images using the ABUS. The images were then sent to the reading center through the PVBUS System and interpreted independently by two radiologists using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). BI-RADS categories 1 and 2 indicate negative screening results, and women diagnosed with these categories were recommended for annual breast ultrasound screening. BI-RADS categories 3, 4, and 5 indicate positive results. Women with BI-RADS category 3 lesions were recommended for follow-up examinations every 6 months using ABUS or handheld ultrasound, while those with BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were suggested to undergo pathological examinations.Results:In our study, we enrolled 10 344 women who completed the ABUS screening and were followed up for more than 12 months. After remote reading, 6 164 women were diagnosed with BI-RADS category 1 and 2 626 woman were within BI-RADS category 2. In contrast, 1 404 women were within BI-RADS category 3, a total of 135 women were within BI-RADS category 4, and 15 women were within BI-RADS category 5. The positive screening rate of ABUS was 15.0% (1 554/10 344). The ABUS with remote reading had a detection rate of 3.7/1 000 (38/10 344) for breast cancer screening, with a sensitivity of 97.4% (38/39) and a specificity of 85.3% (8 789/10 305). Among the 38 breast cancer cases detected, 92.1% (35/38) were invasive carcinomas, and 63.2% (24/38) were stage 0 or Ⅰ breast cancers.Conclusions:Breast cancer screening based on ABUS with remote reading provided an efficient and feasible solution to the problem of unevenly distributed medical resources and medical staff levels in various regions of China, enabling the decentralization of high-quality medical resources and improving the accessibility of high-quality screening services. It has provided an alternative for breast cancer screening in China.