ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of polysaccharide in water extract of Cyclocarya paliurus （CPWP） in inhibiting benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. MethodsCPWP was obtained by heating reflux， aqueous extraction， alcohol precipitation， and freeze drying. The chemical composition and structural properties of CPWP were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with 1-pheny-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization and infrared spectroscopy. Male SD rats were randomly assigned into control， model， finasteride （ig 5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （ig 50， 75， 100 mg·kg^-1） CPWP groups， with 8 rats in each group. The BPH model was established by subcutaneously injecting propionate testosterone in castrated rats. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs， and those in the control group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline each day. After 30 consecutive days， the rats were sacrificed， and the prostate tissue was separated and weighed. The effects of drug interventions on the body weight， prostate wet weight， and prostate index of rats were examined. The prostate tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） for observation of pathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the level of dihydrotestosterone （DHT）， and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 （SRD5A2） and Ki67 in the prostate tissue. ResultsCPWP was identified as a saccharide， with characteristic absorption peaks of saccharides. CPWP showed the total sugar content of 44.15% and molecular weight within the range of 5.5-78.8 kDa， being composed of mannose， rhamnose， galacturonic acid， glucose， galactose， xylose， and arabinose. Compared with the control group， the model group had significantly increased prostate wet weight and prostate index （P<0.01）， thick and tall prostate epithelial cells， increased internal wrinkles， papillary expansion into the cavity， an elevation in DHT level in the serum， and up-regulated expression of SRD5A2 and Ki67 in the prostate tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， both the finasteride and CPWP groups showed decreases in prostate wet weight and prostate index （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thinned prostate epithelial cells， with only a small portion of internal wrinkles and papillary expansion into the cavity， shortened papillary protrusions， lowered DHT level in the serum， and down-regulated expression of SRD5A2 and Ki67 in the prostate tissue （P<0.01）. Moreover， CPWP exerted effects in a dose-dependent manner. ConclusionCPWP inhibits BPH by regulating the expression of SRD5A2.

In April 2022,an epidemic occurred in Gongshu District,Hangzhou,where Zhejiang Cancer Hospital is loca-ted.And the hospital was confronted with the most extensive,the most unusual and the most urgent public health emergency crisis since its establishment.Taking patients as the core and proceeding from the public perspective,an authoritative voice of a hospital was conveyed in a timely and accurate manner,which demonstrated the hospital's resolution and executive power in the crisis.Based on Malcolm Gladwell's"tipping point"theory,the paper reveals the situation of online public opinion caused by the sudden epidemic and its response,discusses the hospital's communication practices in handling public health emergencies and provides hospitals with practical reference for brand promotion and operation.

In 2023, significant progress was achieved in both basic and clinical research in the field of epilepsy, opening up new avenues and providing valuable insights which advance understanding of epilepsy. These advancements encompassed research on the mechanism of anti-epileptic seizure drugs, genomic research on the causes of epilepsy, cell gene therapy, exploration of the relationship between epilepsy and cognition, comparative research on the treatment of children and idiopathic epilepsy, as well as the development of new drugs and devices. These substantial progresses have contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of epilepsy, provided identified targets for further basic research, and provided guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the association between the pre-pregnancy oral microbiota of women and fetal overgrowth, and the possible mechanisms involved.Methods:A nested case-control study design based on a pre-pregnancy cohort was used to select 51 mothers who delivered macrosomia and/or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants from the population recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Jiading District in Shanghai from October 2016 to December 2021 as the case group. A control group was formed by selecting 204 mothers who delivered infants with normal birth weight and appropriate for gestational age during the same period, in a 1:4 ratio. The LGA subgroup consisted of 48 mothers who delivered LGA infants from the total population, and a corresponding control group of 192 was randomly selected from the remaining mothers who delivered non-LGA infants in a 1∶4 ratio for the LGA subgroup analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was utilized to detect pre-pregnancy saliva samples to compare the characteristics of the oral microbiota, differential microorganisms, and differential functional pathways between groups. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, two independent samples t-tests, or Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) tests were used for statistical analysis. Factor analysis was conducted on the pre-pregnancy diet data of women, and the primary dietary pattern of each study subject was identified based on the highest score of the dietary pattern factors. For microbiota count data, α and β diversity indices were calculated using R and QIIME2 software, and the corresponding microbiota functional count data were acquired through PICRUSt2. Results:(1) General data: There was no significant difference in the time interval from pre-pregnancy sampling to pregnancy and from sampling to delivery between the two groups. In the case group, there were three cases of macrosomia and 48 cases (94.1%) of LGA. The corresponding control group for the LGA subgroup consisted of 192 cases. There were no significant differences in dietary patterns between the case group and the control group. (2) α diversity analysis: The species richness index of the case group was lower than that of the control group [(367.27±84.57) vs. (408.71±93.08), multivariate analysis, P=0.009], while no significant differences were found between the two groups in the Shannon and Simpson indices; the species richness index of the LGA subgroup was also lower than that of the corresponding control group [(371.04±83.92) vs. (408.04±94.21), multivariate analysis, P=0.033], with no significant differences in the Shannon and Simpson indices. (3) β diversity analysis: There was a statistically significant difference in the unweighted UniFrac distance of the oral microbiota between the case group and the control group ( R2=0.006, F=1.479, P=0.048). No significant differences were found in the β diversity indices of the oral microbiota between the LGA subgroup and the corresponding control group. (4) Differential microbiota analysis: There were 14 differential microbiotas from phylum to genus between the case group and the control group. At the genus level, members of the G1 genus of the Streptococcaceae were enriched in the case group, while the Lautropia, Dialister, Leptotrichia, and Rothia were enriched in the control group. In the LGA subgroup and its corresponding control group, there were 14 differential microbiota from phylum to genus; at the genus level, Leptotrichia, Rothia, G6 genus of the Saccharibacteria, and Selenomonas were enriched in the control group (all LDA value>2, and all P<0.05). (5) Differential functional analysis: In the case group, metabolic pathways such as nicotinate degradation [log 2 fold change ( FC)=3.510, q=0.005], de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides (log 2FC=0.078, q=0.005), and L-tyrosine degradation pathway (log 2FC=0.710, q=0.034) were enriched in the oral microbiota of women. In the LGA subgroup, compared to the corresponding control group, metabolic pathways related to nicotinate degradation were enriched in the oral microbiota (log 2FC=3.660, q=0.012). Conclusions:There are differences in the structure of the pre-pregnancy oral microbiota of mothers with overgrown fetuses compared to those with normally grown fetuses, and mothers of normally grown fetuses show higher diversity in their pre-pregnancy oral microbiota. The enrichment of certain pathogenic bacteria and the reduction of symbiotic bacteria in the pre-pregnancy oral microbiota are associated with fetal overgrowth, and this association may be mediated by functional pathways such as nicotinate degradation.

OBJECTIVE Aimed to analyze the demographic,anthropometric,severity,and common comorbidities of individuals with suspected obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)referred to the OSA diagnosis and treatment center of the Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2012 to 2021.METHODS Data of subjects with suspected OSA who underwent polysomnography(PSG)from January 2012 to December 2021 were collected.Subjects were categorized into five groups based on the PSG study date with a two-year interval.Clinical characteristics trends were compared across groups,focusing on the comparison between 2020-2021 and 2018-2019 to explore changes after COVID-19 epidemic.RESULTS 1.A total of 5870 subjects were included from 2012 to 2019[age(43.2±12.7)years,21.7％females].OSA prevalence was 84.8％.Over the two-year intervals,age,female proportion,OSA severity,and other indicators showed no significant changes.Body mass index(median 26.8kg/m2 to 26.0kg/m2)and overweight rates(78.1％to 73.4％)decreased yearly,as did the proportions of subjects who smoked(38.1％to 27.8％)and consumed alcohol(13.5％to 6.4％).The prevalence of hypertension increased yearly(40.3％to 51.8％),while awareness rates gradually decreased(70.3％to 59.4％).Diabetes prevalence remained relatively stable(9.4％to 9.7％),with increased awareness(49.5％to 66.2％).Dyslipidemia prevalence remained high(76.7％to 78.3％),with low awareness rates(20.8％to 28.7％).2.A total of 805 subjects were included from 2020 to 2021.Compared with 2018-2019,the proportion of females decreased(14.9％vs.22.0％),and OSA severity increased(apnea-hypopnea index 40.4 times/h vs.29.2 times/h).Prevalence rates of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia(47.1％,6.9％,62.1％)and awareness rates(52.4％,57.7％,17.8％)were lower than those from 2018-2019.3.Compared with subjects with known their comorbidities,unknown subjects had significantly higher levels of systolic blood pressure(141 mmHg vs.134 mmHg),diastolic blood pressure(93 mmHg vs.85 mmHg),fasting blood glucose(7.87 mmol/L vs.6.07 mmol/L),and low-density lipoprotein(3.08 mmol/L vs.2.91 mmol/L)(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION From 2012 to 2021,individuals with suspected OSA referred for PSG test showed a tendency toward younger age,lower proportion of females,fewer comorbidities,but increased OSA severity.The awareness rate of comorbidities needs improvement,emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of OSA.

Chitosan-based microspheres use chitosan as the main material to obtain particles with special structures through microsphere processing technology. They have the ability of slow and controlled release of drugs and the role of scaffolding, which have great application prospect in stomatology, but the application of chitosan-based microspheres is still in the research stage and has not yet been applied in clinical practice. This article reviews progress of domestic and foreign research on chitosan-based microspheres, in aspects of treatment of oral and jawbone tissue defects, periodontal diseases, dental pulp diseases and nerve tissue injury, in order to provide reference for follow-up research.

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.

Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines

Objective:To evaluate the associations between the renalase single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs2576178 and rs10887800 and the risk of hypertension in OSA patients. Methods:A total of 3, 570 male OSA subjects diagnosed via standard polysomnography were included in this retrospective study. We recorded anthropometric, genomic, and polysomnographic parameters and blood pressure levels. All subjects were divided into four groups based on quartiles of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The relationships between rs2576178 and rs10887800 and the risk of hypertension were evaluated using the binary logistic regression, and haplotype analysis.Results:In the bottom AHI quartile, rs10887800 was significantly associated with the risk of hypertension according to the dominant model [odds ratio( OR)=0.691, 95% confidence interval ( CI)=0.483-0.990, P=0.044] even after adjustment for age, sex, and the body mass index. The G-A haplotype was associated with a co-effect of the two SNPs, namely, the risk of hypertension decreased ( OR=0.879, 95% CI=0.784-0.986, P=0.028). Conclusions:We find no association between single rs2576178 or rs10887800 variants with the risk of hypertension in our OSA population. But, the synergistic effect of the two polymorphisms is associated with the risk of hypertension in OSA patients.

Objective:To investigate clinical and genetic characteristics of a family with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia complicated by aortic sinus aneurysm, and to analyze causative genes.Methods:Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband and her relatives, and genomic DNA was extracted. Causative genes were screened by whole-exome sequencing, and then verified by Sanger sequencing.Results:A heterozygous mutation c.137G>A was identified at position 137 in exon 3 of the ACVRL1 gene in the proband, her daughter, grandson and granddaughter, which led to the substitution of cysteine by tyrosine at amino acid position 46 (p.C46Y) . The mutation was not found in any of the other 5 family members without clinical symptoms.Conclusion:A causative mutation c.137G>A (p.C46Y) in the ACVRL1 gene was identified in the family with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 complicated by aortic sinus aneurysm, which had not been previously reported in Asian populations.