Objective To investigate the factors influencing prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI).Methods Patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock who underwent PPCI at our hospital between January 2015 and December 2019 were enrolled.Clinical baseline characteristics,coronary angiography and PCI-related parameters,and mechanical support information were collected.The patients were followed up for one year and divided into survival and death groups based on their survival status within one year.Differences in various factors between the two groups were compared.Results A total of 40 patients were enrolled,including 26 in the survival group and 14 in the death group.There were no differences in baseline data,diagnosis,risk factors,and comorbidities between the two groups.The survival group had a lower heart rate and higher blood pressure trend at admission compared to the death group.Myocardial enzymes were significantly lower in the survival group compared to the death group(median CK peak:496.00(198.25,2 830.00)U/L vs.3 040.00(405.75,5 626.53)U/L,P=0.003;median CK-MB peak:52.65(31.75,219.50)U/L vs.306.00(27.25,489.63)U/L,P=0.006).When comparing coronary angiography and PCI-related indicators between the two groups,the survival group had a higher rate of complete revascularization compared to the control group(53.85％vs.21.43％,P=0.048).The survival group had a higher proportion of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)combined with intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP)support compared to the control group[38.46％vs.7.14％,P=0.034].Conclusions Survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock undergoing PPCI is associated with lower level of myocardial enzymes,ECMO combined with IABP support and complete revascularization.

Autophagic flux refers to a series of dynamic process of autophagic bilayer membrane formation, autophagosome formation, autophagolysosomes formation and degradation. The etiology of cataract is complex, including congenital abnormalities in lens development due to genetic mutations, oxidative damage due to aging, abnormalities in glucose metabolism due to diabetes, and proliferation of lens epithelial cells(LECs)stimulated by postoperative inflammatory factor, all of which are associated with the development of cataracts. A growing number of research in recent years have discovered that altering the status of LECs can contribute to the pathophysiological process of cataract by regulating autophagic flux. This review summarized the impacts of autophagic flux regulation on cataract.

AIM: To investigate the changes of protein expressions in human lens epithelial cells(SRA01/04)undergoing oxidative damage, hoping to provide new protein target for the pathogenesis of age-related cataract(ARC).METHODS: SRA01/04 cells were divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, cells were irradiated with ultraviolet-B(UVB)for 10min to establish the model of oxidative damage, whereas cells in the control group were untreated. Protein expression profile from the two groups was sequenced by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ). The filtering criteria that fold change >1.2 and p<0.05 was used to determine the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs). Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database were utilized for functional enrichment analysis of the top 50 DEPs with either up-regulated or down-regulated significance. Furthermore, Pathway commons software was used to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.RESULTS: Overall, 552 DEPs were screened out. A total of 176 DEPs were up-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group, including HMGB1 and USP1, while 376 DEPs were down-regulated, including POLR2A and POLR2B. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the top 50 DEPs with up-regulated or down-regulated significance were involved in various crucial biological processes and signaling pathways. PPI network revealed that oxidative damage repair(ODR)-related proteins might play a key role in UVB-induced oxidative damage.CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of multiple proteins, especially ODR-related proteins, can be altered in SRA01/04 cells via UVB irradiation. These findings may provide cellular-related insights into the pathogenesis of ARC and into proteins or pathways associated with therapeutic targets.

AIM: To analyze the correlations among parameters from iTrace visual function analyzer, Pentacam 3D anterior segment analysis system and lens opacities classification system(LOCS)Ⅲ in the assessment of lens opacity of age-related cataract(ARC)patients.METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 104 ARC patients(104 eyes)in the department of ophthalmology of our hospital from May to August, 2021 were included. The cataracts of patients were graded based on LOCSⅢ using a slit-lamp. Opacity map grade(OMG)and dysfunctional lens index(DLI)were obtained by iTrace. Pentacam nucleus staging(PNS)and Scheimpflug images of lenses were acquired by Pentacam. The regional integrated density(IntDen)of Scheimpflug images was obtained by ImageJ. The normality and correlations of parameters were analyzed by SPSS 26.0.RESULTS: All the parameters were normally distributed except 3mm IntDen and IntDen of 6mm posterior subcapsular region. PNS positively correlated with nuclear color(NC)and nuclear opalescence(NO)(r=0.521, 0.440, all P<0.01). The 3mm IntDen positively correlated with NC and NO(rs=0.459, 0.450, all P<0.01). IntDen of 3mm nucleus region positively correlated with NC and NO(r=0.539, 0.543, all P<0.01). IntDen of 3mm posterior subcapsular region was negatively correlated with NC and NO(r=-0.315, -0.321, all P<0.01). 6mm IntDen positively correlated with NC and NO(r=0.321, 0.288, all P<0.01). 3mm DLI negatively correlated with NC, NO, and posterior subcapsular cataract(PSC)(r=-0.257, -0.234, -0.282, all P<0.01). 6mm DLI negatively correlated with NC, NO, PSC(r=-0.247, -0.304, -0.227, all P<0.05). 3mm OMG positively correlated with CC and PSC(r=0.268, 0.333, all P<0.01), and 6mm OMG positively correlated with CC and PSC(r=0.275, 0.245, all P<0.05). 3mm DLI negatively correlated with PNS and IntDen of 3mm nucleus region(r=-0.217, -0.197, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Each lens opacity assessment system had its own advantages. Taking all parameters into comprehensive consideration is conducive to objectively eraluate the opacity degree of each area of the lens and provide references for clinical work.

A contributory role of oxidative stress and protection by antioxidant nutrients have been suspected in cataract formation. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), an effective lanostane triterpene, is widely reported as an antioxidant. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of GAA on cataract formation. After lens epithelial cells (LECs) were exposed to UVB radiation for different periods, cell viability, apoptosis-related protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were monitored. We found that cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and SOD activity were increased, while Cleaved caspase-3 levels and MDA activity were decreased compared with those in UVB-impaired LECs after GAA treated. Furthermore, GAA activated PI3K/AKT in UVB-impaired LECs and effectively delayed the occurrence of lens opacity in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that GAA exhibited protective functions in SRA01/04 cells and rat lenses against UVB-evoked impairment through elevating cell viability and antioxidant activity, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and delaying lens opacity.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cataract/prevention & control* ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Epithelial Cells/radiation effects* ; Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Lanosterol/pharmacology* ; Lens, Crystalline/radiation effects* ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism* ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism* ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects*

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) among people aged 50 years and above in Funing county,Jiangsu province.METHODS:Survey research.Random cluster sampling was used in selecting individuals aged ≥ 50 years in 30 clusters in Funing county.Proportions were compared by using the x2 test and the means compared by using the ttest.Logistic regression was used to detect possible factors of ARMD such as age and gender.RESULTS:A total of 6145 persons aged 50 years were enumerated and 5947 (96.78％) participants were received visual acuity test and eye examination.The prevalence of ARMD was 7.53％,with a total of 448 individuals (633 eyes).The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment for presenting visual acuity were 4.13％ and 11.96％,respectively.The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment for presenting visual acuity were 4.45％ and 7.79％,respectively.Older were significant risk factors of ARMD (OR=1.01,P=0.04).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of ARMD was higher among people aged 50 years and above in Funing county,Jiangsu province.ARMD is one of the leading cause of visual impairment.

Corneal astigmatism includes anterior astigmatism (AA) and posterior astigmatism (PA).According to the hterature,85.0％-96.1％ PA ranging from-0.01 to-1.10 D refers to astigmatism against the rule.With the age increasing,PA shows a significant trend from astigmatism against the rule to with the rule,while AA shows toward against-the-rule astigmatism.Therefore,PA often leads to partially decrease of total astigmatism (TA) in young adults,but the increase of TA in aged elderly.Clinically,ignorance of PA will lead to a false estimate of TA,thereby affecting visual quality after refractive cataract surgery.And this article aims to introduce the measurement of PA and its clinical significance for providing the reference in clinical practices.

The purpose of cataract surgery has been raised from blindness prevention to refractive correction.As the quality of IOL impacts postoperative refractive outcomes,IOL plays a vital role in the surgery.Besides,the choice of calculation formulas of IOL influences the quality of IOL.Accordingly,this article aims to give a review on the latest research progress of IOL calculation formulas.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among urban population aged 50 years and above in Ftming county,Jiangsu province.Methods Survey research was conducted and randomly cluster sampling was used to select individuals aged ≥50 years for visual acuity test and eye examination in Funing county,Jiangsu province.The criteria of uncorrected refractive errors in this study was defined as an improvement of at least 0.2 log MAR (equivalent to 2 lines) in the best corrected visual acuity with the base vision ＜ 0.5 log MAR in daily life.The quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation,and t-test was used for comparison between groups,and while the count data were expressed as rate or composition ratio,and the x2 test was adopted for comparison between the groups.Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of possible factors (i.e.age and gender) on the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors.Results A total of 6145 persons aged 50 years and above were enumerated and 5947 (96.8％) participants were examined,of whom 2388 had uncorrected refractive errors,with the prevalence of 40.2％.The prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors for myopia only,hyperopia only,astigmatism,and for hyperopia and astigmatism were 84.4％,84.2％,64.1％ and 100％,respectively.Moreover,the higher prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors presented in elderly person (OR =1.07,P ＜ 0.00l) and female (OR =1.38,P ＜ 0.001),and education was a protective factor for junior high school (OR =0.74,P =0.003) and high school (OR =0.55,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Uncorrected refractive errors presented high prevalence in rural population aged 50 years and above in Funing county,Jiangsu province,which are the leading cause of visual impairment.

Objective To examine the association of 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 DNA repair genes (BLM,WRN,ERCC6 and OGG1) with age-related cataract (ARC) in a Han Chinese population from Jiangsu Eye Study and to determine the possible functional consequence of the SNPs to DNA damage.Methods Together 18 SNPs in 4 DNA repair genes were genotyped in 789 ARC patients and 531 normal controls from Jiangsu Eye Study.The Comet assay was conducted to assess the extent of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of the selected subjects.Results The results showed that WRN-rs11574311 was initially associated with ARC in general,cortical and mixed cataracts (P =0.003,OR =1.49;P =0.001,OR =1.68 and P ＜0.000 1,OR=2.08),BLM-rs1063147 with nuclear cataracts (P =0.03,OR =1.31),WRN-rs2725383 with cortical cataracts (P =0.01,OR =1.49),WRN-rs4733220 and WRN-rs2725338 with mixed cataracts (P =0.04,OR =0.74 and P =0.003,OR =0.60).However,after Bonferroni corrections,WRN-rs11574311 was still associated with cortical and mixed cataracts,as well as WRN-rs2725338 with mixed cataracts.The difference in DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes with SNP types did not approach statistical significance among groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion WRN genes may have a vital role in ARC pathogenesis and exert a different action in ARC subtypes,which may be associated with different risk factors and mechanisms.