AIM To explore the ameliorative effects of Ziyin Mingmu Pills on mouse retinitis pigmentosa(RP)and the possible mechanism.METHODS The RP transgenic mice(rd10)were randomly divided into the model group,the Leding group(0.15 g/kg)and the low and high dose Ziyin Mingmu Pills groups(4.50,9.00 g/kg),in contrast to the C57BL/6 mice of the normal group,with 12 mice in each group.The mice had their retinal pathological changes detected by HE staining;their visual function detected by electroretinogram(ERG);their fundus conditions and retinal thickness detected by optical coherence tomography(OCT);their retinal blood perfusion detected by laser speckle blood flow technique;their mRNA expressions of Shh,Ptc,Smo,Gli1,N-myc and Cyclin mRNA detected by digital PCR;and their protein expressions of Shh,Ptc,Smo,Gli1,N-myc and Cyclin detected by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the model group displayed pathological changes in the fundus and retina and decreased amplitudes of ERG a wave and b wave(P＜0.01);decreased retinal thickness(P＜0.01);decreased retinal blood perfusion(P＜0.01);and decreased retinal expressions of Shh,Ptc,Smo,Gli1,N-myc,Cyclin mRNA and protein(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with Ziyin Mingmu Pills or Leding shared improved pathological changes in the fundus and retina tissue,and increased retinal thickness(P＜0.01);increased retinal blood flow(P＜0.01);increased amplitudes of ERG a wave and b wave(P＜0.01);and increased retinal Shh,Ptc,Smo,Gli1,N-myc and Cyclin mRNA and protein expressions(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Ziyin Mingmu Pills can improve the fundus pathological changes and visual function to delay RP in mice because of their efficacy in ameliorating retinal thickness and blood flow possibly by activating Shh signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus extended-release (Tac-ER) in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 68 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from 34 pairs of renal allografts were retrospectively analyzed. Two recipients who received bilateral kidneys from the same donor were treated with Tac-ER (Tac-ER group) and tacrolimus immediate-release (Tac-IR) (Tac-IR group) as one of the basic immunosuppressant. The changes of tacrolimus dosage and blood concentration, intra-patient variability (IPV), renal function, incidence of acute rejection, recipient and allograft survival rates and adverse events were statistically compared between two groups. Results The average daily dose of tacrolimus in the Tac-ER group was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (F=8.386, P=0.005). In the Tac-ER group, the mean trough concentration at postoperative 4 d was (6.14±4.04) ng/mL, did not reach the target concentration, significantly lower than (9.41±5.47) ng/mL in the Tac-IR group (F=7.854, P=0.007). In the Tac-ER group, the IPV of trough concentration of tacrolimus within postoperative 1 month was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (0.44±0.15 vs. 0.36±0.12, P=0.032). At postoperative 6 months, there was no significant difference in the renal function between two groups [serum creatinine level was (126±26) μmol/L vs. (120±28) μmol/L, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was (56±13) mL/(min·1.73 m²) vs. (60±15) mL/(min·1.73 m²), both P > 0.05]. The allograft and recipient survival rates were 100% in both groups. The incidence of acute rejection within postoperative 1 month was 18% in the Tac-ER group and 3% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse events was 94% in the Tac-ER group and 97% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of Tac-ER are equivalent to those of Tac-IR, whereas a higher dose of Tac-ER should be orally given to reach the blood concentration similar to that of Tac-IR. During early-stage drug treatment, Tac-ER should be orally given before kidney transplantation or inittally with loading dose, aiming to increase the systemic exposure to tacrolimus early after kidney transplantation and prevent acute rejection caused by insufficient exposure.

Tumors are new organisms formed by uncontrollable cell proliferation of local tissues driven by various oncogenic factors. The cause of tumors is unknown with life-threating outcome. Tumors can be classified into benign tumors， borderline tumors， and malignant tumors according to their pathological properties. Among them， malignant tumor is commonly known as cancer， with no specific medicines or reliable cure means， so this is a hot spot and difficult point in current medical research. In ancient literatures， there are many records about the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in treating tumor， and modern pharmacological researches have shown that more and more active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） have gradually highlighted their inhibitory effect on various types of tumor. Caulis sinomenii has been used for treatment of rheumatic diseases in TCM for a long history. Sinomenine is a major bioactive alkaloid presented in C. sinomenii， which has demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation， immunosuppression， analgesia and sedation， and due to its slightly soluble in water， it is commonly used in clinic in the form of hydrochloride， with its commercial name of Zhengqing Fengtongning. Recent studies show that sinomenine alone or combined with chemoradiotherapy can inhibit growth of several tumors significantly or in a synergistic way， so it is termed as an inhibitor of tumors. Anti-tumor effect of sinomenine involve inhibition of tumor cell proliferation， induction of tumor cell apoptosis， blockade of tumor cell cycle， suppression of tumor invasion and metastasis， induction of autophagy of tumor cells， and reversal of multidrug resistance of tumor cells. Upon combination with nanomaterials， it can enhance efficiency and reduce toxicity. Here we summarized and reviewed recent advances on basic anti-tumor research of sinomenine， and then made a classification and description according to its in vivo and in vitro pharmacological action and mechanism of action， so as to elucidate the great potential of sinomenine as a promising anti-tumor drug， and provide reference for further research on its anti-tumor mechanism.

Aim To investigate the effect of Li-Zhong-Tang (LZT) in the treatment of gastric ulcer (GU) with pattern of spleen-stomach vacuity cold in rats based on Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, GU model group, esomeprazole (ESO) group, LZT low dose and high dose groups. The morphological changes of gastric mucosa were observed by naked eyes and HE staining. The activities of gastric acid and pepsin were measured. The contents of prostaglandin E

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by interfering with the expression of characteristic genes and key protein in Müller cells (MC) based on the methods of network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Methods: Retrieval and screening of active ingredients and therapeutic targets of SM in blood was performed by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Differentially expressed genes of MC in normal and RP mice were obtained by searching GEO database. RP-related gene targets were retrieved through disease database. Cytoscape was used to construct protein-protein interaction networks of differentially expressed MC genes, disease targets and component targets and the intersection was extracted. Gene Ontology and KEGG signaling pathway analysis of characteristic genes were carried out by DAVID. CytoHubba was used to analyze and screen the key protein targets. Results: A total of 202 chemical constituents related to SM were retrieved, 65 active ingredients were screened according to ADME parameters, of which 13 were active ingredients in blood. A total of 117 possible targets were obtained by further searching and matching. A total of 242 differentially expressed genes in MC of normal and RP mice were obtained from chip data. A total of 206 targets closely related to RP were obtained from disease databases. A total of 85 characteristic genes of SM affecting MC in RP pathological process were extracted and intersected. These genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, apoptotic signaling pathway regulation, DNA nuclear replication regulation and other biological processes. Molecular functions mainly include transcriptional coactivator activity, protein kinase activity, core promoter binding, etc. They were enriched in nuclear, nucleoplasm, transcription factor complex, Rb-E2F complex and other regions. The signaling pathways involved include splicer signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, cell cycle signaling pathway and so on. A total of eight key protein targets of SM on MC in RP pathological process were analyzed and screened. Conclusion: The substance basis of the pharmacodynamics of SM is 13 chemical constituents, such as cryptotanshinone, luteolin, tanshinone IIA, etc. The MC characteristic genes involved in the pathological process of RP intervened by SM are related to spliceosome signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, cell cycle regulation pathway, etc. The key targets include eight protein such as RB1, E2F1, TFDP1, etc.

Objective To assess the current status and factors associated with the mental health condition of older adults. Methods A convenience sampling survey was conducted using symptom check list 90 (SCL-90) among the Chinese older adults aged 60 or above from January to March, 2018. The older adults aged 80 or above were selected for this study. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The total participants were 485. The SCL-90 positive detection rate was 20.21%. The symptoms of the four highest detection rates were somatization (39.38%), others (25.15%), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (24.33%) and depression (22.68%). The older adults with normal BMI (OR=0.537, 95% CI: 0.250-0.857, P=0.027) and lived in county town (OR=0.224, 95% CI:0.075-0.667, P=0.007) showed lower SCL-90 positive detection rate. These who had been educated for 1-5 years (OR=11.092, 95% CI: 4.446-27.671, P<0.001), 6-8 years (OR=9.800, 95% CI: 3.464-27.721, P<0.001), 9~11 years (OR=19.279, 95% CI : 6.722-55.297, P<0.001), 12 years and above (OR=24.321, 95% CI: 7.894-74.929, P<0.001) had higher SCL-90 positive detection rate compared with those who were uneducated. Conclusion The mental health condition of Chinese older adults is mainly influenced by residence place, education level, family income self-evaluation and BMI status.

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (FLRSM) in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Method:Possible intake active components and targets of FLRSM were screened out and predicted by traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP). Gene targets related to RP were mined through disease gene databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of component-targets and disease-targets were mapped by functional protein association networks (STRING), and the intersection of the two networks was obtained. The gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway of the intersection network were analyzed by the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery(DAVID). CytoHubba analysis was used to screen out the key targets. Result:A total of 390 active ingredients related to FLRSM were retrieved from TCMSP. According to pharmacokinetic parameters, 110 active ingredients were screened out, 19 active ingredients were further screened out, and 208 targets related to these constituents were retrieved. Totally 206 genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease gene databases. And 79 genes were obtained from the intersection of PPI networks of component targets and disease targets. These genes mainly involved in biological processes, such as protein autophosphorylation, transcriptional regulation and cell proliferation, and the molecular functions mainly involved adenosine triphosphate binding, transcription factor activity, core promoter binding, and were enriched in nuclear, transcription factor complex, nucleus, cytoplasm and other regions. It was mainly related to neurotrophin signaling pathway, cell cycle related pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. And 8 key gene targets for FLRSM treatment of RP were identified by further screening. Conclusion:The material basis of pharmacodynamic action of FLRSM involves 19 active ingredients, such as porous sterol and tanshinone Ⅱ_A. The key targets of FLRSM in the treatment of RP include 8 genes, such as E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1) and retinoblastoma gene1(RB1).The main mechanism is related to the regulation of neurotrophin signaling pathways, cell cycle related pathways and other signaling networks.

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction ( HQJZ) on duodenal ul-cer(DU) in rats and its effect on intestinal mucosal immune barrier function mediated by TLR-2. Methods SD rats were divided into normal group, model group, positive drug group and HQJZ group. DU model was established by methods of multiple factors. The body weight, food intake, and rectal temperature were measured. The ulcer index (UI) was calculated. The pathological changes of duodenal mucosa were observed by HE staining. The contents of cytokines were detec-ted by EL1SA. The expression of mRNx^ and protein were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Compared with normal group, the body weight, food intake, and rectal temperature of model group decreased significantly. The UI significantly increased. The contents of serum IL-4 and IL-10 markedly decreased, and TNF-a content evidently in creased. The expressions of TLR-2 and MyD88 mRNA and protein significantly increased. Compared with model group, after treatment with HQJZ, the body weight, food intake, and rectal temperature were significantly up-regulated, while the UI was significantly down-regulated. The morphology of duodenal mucosa returned to normal status, and the villus height and crypt depth increased significantly. The levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly elevated, while TNF- A significantly declined. The expressions of TLR-2 and MyD88 mRNA and protein were apparently down-regu-lated. Conclusions HQJZ can promote the healing of DU, and the mechanism may be related to the intervention of TLR-2 mediated intestinal mucosal immune barrier function.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of protocatechuic acid, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid in Sargentodoxa cuneata. Methods The separation was performed on a Waters XSELECT CSH C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-acetonitrile-0.2 % phosphoric acid as the mobile phase in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 260 nm and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The linear ranges of protocatechuic acid, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid were 0.0020-0.0120, 0.0600-0.3602, 0.0750-4.5006 mg/ml, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.01% (RSD=0.07%), 98.53 % (RSD=0.12%), and 101.10 % (RSD=1.92%), respectively. Conclusions The method is simple, accurate, and highly reproducible, which could provide the scientific evidence for the quality control of Sargentodoxa cuneata.

Objective: To establish the method for determination of titanium dioxide in the air of workplace by inductivehy coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) . Methods: The titanium dioxide was collected by filter membrane and then digested by microwave digestion apparatus in the mixed solvents (HNO₃∶HF∶H₂O=4∶1∶1) , dilutedto 25 ml and detected by ICP-OES. Results: The sampling efficiency was higher than 95%; the linearity of ICP-OES was good at the range of 10-500 μg/ml, the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.72 mg/m³ (as collecting 150 L air sample) , the maximum quantitation concentration was 21.7 mg/m³ (as collecting 960 L air sample) , the recovery was ranged from 99.0%-102.0%, the RSD of intra- and inter-batch precision were 0.5%-3.2% and 1.7%-3.5%, respectively. Conclusion The sampling method and determination method meet the requirements of guide for establishing occupational health standards-part 4: determinatin methods of air chemicals in workplace (GBZ/T 210.4-2008) , and areapplys to the collection and determination of TiO₂ in the air of workplace.