Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is one of the most important petrochemicals that is widely used in mineral water bottles, food and beverage packaging and textile industry. Because of its stability under environmental conditions, the massive amount of PET wastes caused serious environmental pollution. The use of enzymes to depolymerize PET wastes and upcycling is one of the important directions for plastics pollution control, among which the key is the depolymerization efficiency of PET by PET hydrolase. BHET (bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate) is the main intermediate of PET hydrolysis, its accumulation can hinder the degradation efficiency of PET hydrolase significantly, and the synergistic use of PET hydrolase and BHET hydrolase can improve the PET hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, a dienolactone hydrolase from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus which can degrade BHET (HtBHETase) was identified. After heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and purification, the enzymatic properties of HtBHETase were studied. HtBHETase shows higher catalytic activity towards esters with short carbon chains such as p-nitrophenol acetate. The optimal pH and temperature of the reaction with BHET were 5.0 and 55 ℃, respectively. HtBHETase exhibited excellent thermostability, and retained over 80% residual activity after treatment at 80 ℃ for 1 hour. These results indicate that HtBHETase has potential in biological PET depolymerization, which may facilitate the enzymatic degradation of PET.
Hydrolases/metabolism* ; Bacteria/metabolism* ; Hydrolysis ; Polyethylene Terephthalates/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To utilized the baseline data of the Beijing Fangshan Family Cohort Study, and to estimate whether the association between a healthy lifestyle and arterial stiffness might be modified by genetic effects. METHODS: Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan district, Beijing were included in this study. We developed a healthy lifestyle score based on five lifestyle behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, and physical activity. The measurements of arterial stiffness were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). A variance component model was used to determine the heritability of arterial stiffness. Genotype-environment interaction effects were performed by the maximum likelihood methods. Subsequently, 45 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the glycolipid metabolism pathway were selected, and generalized estimated equations were used to assess the gene-environment interaction effects between particular genetic loci and healthy lifestyles. RESULTS: A total of 6 302 study subjects across 3 225 pedigrees were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 56.9 years and 45.1% male. Heritability of baPWV and ABI was 0.360 (95%CI: 0.302-0.418) and 0.243 (95%CI: 0.175-0.311), respectively. Significant genotype-healthy diet interaction on baPWV and genotype-BMI interaction on ABI were observed. Following the findings of genotype-environment interaction analysis, we further identified two SNPs located in ADAMTS9-AS2 and CDH13 might modify the association between healthy dietary pattern and arterial stiffness, indicating that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern might attenuate the genetic risk on arterial stiffness. Three SNPs in CDKAL1, ATP8B2 and SLC30A8 were shown to interact with BMI, implying that maintaining BMI within a healthy range might decrease the genetic risk of arterial stiffness. CONCLUSION The current study discovered that genotype-healthy dietary pattern and genotype-BMI interactions might affect the risk of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, we identified five genetic loci that might modify the relationship between healthy dietary pattern and BMI with arterial stiffness. Our findings suggested that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the genetic risk of arterial stiffness. This study has laid the groundwork for future research exploring mechanisms of arterial stiffness.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Cohort Studies ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Vascular Stiffness/genetics* ; Pedigree ; Pulse Wave Analysis/methods* ; Genotype

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between drinking habits and pathological characteristics of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS: A preoperative questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the drinking habits of UTUC patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital for radical nephroureterectomy within one year from August 2020 to July 2021, and statistical analysis was performed in combination with their postoperative pathological characteristics. The statistical procedure was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, and firstly, the preliminary analysis was performed one by one using the columnar χ² test on the pathological characteristics of UTUC tumors as the dependent variable and the factors related to patients' general information, past history and drinking habits as the independent variables, and the independent variables that met P < 0.2 between the case and control groups for each dependent variable were specified for screening. The screened variables were included in the binary Logistic regression analysis. A difference of P < 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference. RESULTS: A total of 239 patients, 134 males and 105 females, with a mean age of (68.1±9.98)years and a median disease duration of 4.8 months, were included in this study. Multifactorial Logistic regression results suggested that after adjusting for the effects of other variables, UTUC patients who had the habit of drinking at least once every hour during the daytime had a significantly increased risk of high grade (G3) tumors(OR=1.941, 95%CI: 0.352-1.029, P < 0.01); these patients also had a significantly decreased risk of multifocal UTUC tumors (OR=0.344, 95% CI: 1.18-5.582, P=0.004). The patients who had the habit of drinking over 100 mL water each time had a significantly decreased risk of mutifocal UTUC incidence (OR=0.477, 95%CI: 0.225-1.012, P=0.046). Patients who pay attention to daily water intakes had a significantly increased risk of renipelvic carcinoma (OR=2.530, 95%CI: 1.434-4.463, P=0.001) and a significantly decreased risk of ureteral carcinoma (OR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.172-0.573, P < 0.01). Other variables included in the regression model did not differ significantly in their effects on the occurrence of tumor pathological characteristics. CONCLUSION Having the awareness of drinking water every 1 h during the day, drinking over 100 mL water each time, having the awareness of daily drinking habits correlated significantly with pathological characteristics of UTUC such as the presence of G3 tumor, multifocal tumors and location of the tumor. This conclusion still needs to be verified by subsequent trials with higher levels of evidence.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery* ; Female ; Habits ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureteral Neoplasms/surgery* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery* ; Water

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B （GB） on the activation of c-Jun aminoterminal kinase（JNK） signaling pathway and apoptosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cell model. Method:NSC34 cells were infected by slow virus containing expression superoxide dismutase1（SOD1）^WT and hSOD1^G93A and empty plasmid， and screened with a certain concentration of puromycin， so as to observe the transfection efficiency of slow virus and cell morphology under inverted fluorescence microscope. Western blot method was used to verify whether infected cells were over-expressing SOD1 target proteins. The hSOD1^G93A-NSC34 cell lines were established and given GB. Cell cultures were divided into normal group， model group and different concentrations of ginkgolide B groups （25， 50， 75， 100 mg∙L^-1）. After 48 h， methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） was used to detect cell survival rates， and select the best drug concentration. Subsequent experimental groups were divided into normal group， model group， 75 mg∙L^-1 GB group， SP600125 group， and 75 mg∙L^-1 GB + SP600125 group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of each group of cells. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of phosphorylation（p）-JNK， c-Jun， p-c-Jun， and cysteine aspartic acid protease -3（Caspase-3） proteins. Result:Compared with normal NSC34 cells， hSOD1^G93A-NSC34 cell body became round， the synapses decreased and shortened， but the cell morphology of hSOD^WT-NSC34 cell and empty plasmid group did not change significantly. Western blot showed that hSOD1^G93A-NSC34， hSOD1^WT-NSC3 intracellular SOD1 protein levels increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cell model was established. Compared with the normal group， the cell activity in the model group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the cell activity increased at different concentrations of GB， especially when the drug concentration was 75 mg∙L^-1 （P<0.01）. In subsequent experiments， compared with the normal group， the apoptosis， and expressions of p-JNK， p-c-Jun， and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins in the model group increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the apoptosis and p-JNK， p-c-Jun， released Caspase-3 protein expressions of 75 mg∙L^-1 GB group， SP600125 group， 75 mg∙L^-1 GB + SP600125 group decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Conclusion:GB has a protective effect on the cell model of atrophy lateral sclerosis， which may be realized by JNK signal pathway.