Objective:To analyze the status quo, hotspots and fronts of emergency nursing training research at home and abroad in the past ten years, and to provide reference and ideas for the efficient development of emergency nursing training in China.Methods:CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software was used to visually analyze the Chinese and English literatures on emergency nursing training included in CNKI and Web of Science core databases from January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2023.Results:A total of 1 177 Chinese literatures and 1 163 English literatures were included. The number of foreign articles in this field increased year by year, while the number of domestic articles showed a downward trend since 2018. There were many stable core author groups and core institution groups in foreign countries, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The common research hotspots and frontiers at home and abroad focused on broadening the training audience of emergency nursing, innovating the training methods of emergency nursing, strengthening the evaluation of the effect of emergency nursing training, and paying attention to the training experience and needs of nurses. Foreign researches also focused on specialized nurses, interprofessional education and nurses′mental health, etc, and the research direction was diversified.Conclusions:The development stages of emergency nursing training researches at home and abroad are different, and the research hotspots are different. In the future, we should learn from foreign research, strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation, improve the depth and breadth of research, and strengthen the cooperation between authors, institutions and countries to promote the high-quality development of emergency nursing training research in China.

Objective:To analyze the morphology and distribution characteristics of subchondral bone cysts of the talus by CT three-dimensional reconstruction.Methods:A total of 176 patients diagnosed with subchondral bone cyst of the talus after CT scan of the ankle or foot from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved from the imaging report database of Tianjin Hospital, including 77 males and 99 females, aged 14-84 years［(56.1±14.0)years］. After three-dimensional reconstruction of the talus and cyst area by Mimics 20.0 software, an equal 2×2 grid configuration was constructed to divide the domed articular surface into four regions: anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial and posterolateral. For subchondral cyst of the talus, area involved under grid localization, gender, age and side of the onset were recorded. The anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, depth, surface area and volume of the subchondral bone cyst of the talus were measured.Results:Subchondral cyst of the talus was anteromedial in 131 patients (74.4%), anterolateral in 5(2.8%), posteromedial in 34(19.3%), and posterolateral in 6(3.4%). Subchondral cyst of the talus occurred in the older aged (≥60 years) for 78 patients (44.3%), in the middle aged (45-59 years) for 62(35.2%), in young adults for 32(18.2%), and in preadolescents for 4(2.3%). The age composition of the subchondral cyst of the talus involving the anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial and posterolateral regions was 59(49, 64)years, 44(39, 45)years, 61(54, 68)years and 40(22, 58) years, respectively (all P<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in gender and side of the onset (all P>0.05). The anteroposterior diameter of the subchondral bone cysts located anteromedially, anterolaterally, posteromedially and posterolaterally was (9.7±4.4)mm, (3.5±1.1)mm, (10.3±4.4)mm and (2.1±0.8)mm, respectively; the transverse diameter was (5.4±1.7)mm, (3.9±1.8)mm, (5.9±2.2)mm and (3.4±1.1)mm, respectively; the depth was (7.1±2.4)mm, (3.2±2.2)mm, (8.2±3.0)mm and (3.9±1.9)mm, respectively; the surface area was 156.1(82.6, 198.2)mm 2, 23.0(21.4, 28.9)mm 2, 180.0(75.1, 230.4)mm 2 and 28.0(20.3, 36.7)mm 2, respectively; the volume was 77.1(37.1, 129.1)mm 3, 23.9(14.2, 37.8)mm 3, 104.6(37.7, 157.4)mm 3 and 13.0(10.4, 16.0)mm 3, respectively. When comparing the anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, depth, surface area and volume of the subchondral bone cysts in the anteromedial and posteromedial regions with the anterolateral and posterolateral regions, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01) except for the transverse diameter of the subchondral bone cysts in the anteromedial region and the anterolateral region ( P>0.05). In addition, the depth of subchondral bone cysts in the anteromedial region was significantly greater than that in the posteromedial region ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Subchondral bone cysts of the talar are commonly found in the middle- and old-aged population. Anteromedial lesions of the talar dome are the most commonly seen, with large and deeply involved cysts, followed by posteromedial lesions of the dome, while anterolateral and posterolateral lesions of the dome are less common and have smaller cyst sizes. An equal 2×2 grid configuration for talar cysts is useful in positioning and characterizing bone cysts, and can assist clinicians in accurately diagnosing and treating bone cysts.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between prolonged PR interval and carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 537 middle-aged and elderly inpatients with T2DM in the Southern Branch of the Sixth People′s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to detect bilateral carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT). The subjects were divided into carotid atherosclerosis group(CAS group, n=352)and non-carotid atherosclerosis group(NCAS group, n=185). The difference in the PR interval of ECG between the two groups was compared. Pearson or Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for evaluating the correlation of PR interval and CAS lesions with various clinical index. The relationship between PR interval and CAS lesions was adopted by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:The average PR interval of middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM was(164.57±23.02)ms. The average PR interval in CAS group was significantly higher than that in NCAS group [(169.76±24.28) vs (154.70±16.42)ms, P<0.01]. The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum osteocalcin, and PR interval were independent factors influencing the development of CAS lesions in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM( OR=1.079, 1.936, 0.879, 1.039, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01)where each 1 ms increase in PR interval was associated with a 3.9% increase in the risk of CAS in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM( OR=1.039, 95% CI 1.006-1.073, P=0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients with PR interval≥158 ms were 4.072 times more likely to have CAS lesions than those with PR interval<158 ms( OR=4.072, 95% CI 1.417-11.702, P<0.01). Conclusion:The PR interval of electrocardiogram is correlated with CAS lesions in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM. Middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients with significantly prolonged PR interval should be reminded to screen for CAS lesions early.

Objective: To establish an intensity-classified Chinese facial emotion image database and provide materials for emotional researches in China. Methods: Firstly, under the guidance of professional director, 22 professional dramatic actors put up seven kinds of emotion, including anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happy and calm. The process of facial emotional performance of actors were filmed by a high-speed camera. Then we made screen captures according to the intensity of emotion performed by the actors. A total of 814 black-and-white photographs with same size and gray level were made after we removed the irrelevant parts to the facial features. Each kind of emotion contains six levels of intensity scoring from 1 to 6. Totally, 112 healthy volunteers were recruited to evaluate the emotional intensity, pleasure and arousal of all images via a visual scale ranged from 0 to 100. Results: A Chinese face emotional intensity hierarchical picture library was set up, which contained 2 sublibraries. The first library was consisted of 436 images with hierarchical emotional intensity images collected from different performers. The second one was built with 640 images, in which the hierarchical emotional intensity image was collected from same actor/actress. Both image libraries had corresponding scores for intensity, pleasure, and arousal. Furthermore, both exhibited a high degree of internal consistency in reliability analysis (with a Cronbach' s alpha value larger than 0. 9). Conclusion: The present study has established an intensity-classified Chinese facial emotion image database with good recognition degree and psychological measurement attribution, which could provide materials for emotional researches in China.

Objective To investigate the relatio nship between the DNA methylation status of gluco-corticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter and mRNA expression level of GRα gene of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Fifteen new onset SLE patients and fifteen healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The DNA methylation status of GR gene promoter 1 of PBMCs was detected through bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA expression of GRα, DNA methyltransferases, growth arrest and DNA damage-induced 45α (GADD45α) of PBMCs was detected using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. T-test and χ2-test were used to detect the differences between the two groups, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the linear correlation between two variables. Results Compared with healthy controls, the mRNA expression of GRα was signi-ficantly declined in SLE patients (10±5, 17±7, t=2.69, P<0.05), and the mRNA expression of DNMT1 and GADD45α was significantly elevated in SLE patients (t=3.11, P<0.05 and t=2.98, P<0.05). The overall mean methylation status of the 142 CpG islands of the four promoters was significantly elevated in SLE patients [(16±8)%vs (11±6)%, t=2.75, P<0.05]. The global methylation status of PBMCs in SLE patients was obviously lower than healthy controls (t=4.39, P<0.05). Conclusion Hypermethylation of GRα promoter may result in GRαgene low expression in PBMCs of patients with SLE.

Objective To evaluate the differences of the thinnest-point corneal thickness (TCT) decrease after three different corneal crosslinking (CXL) protocols for progressive keratoconus.Methyds Retrospective clinical case study.From August 2010 to November 2015,consecutive 85 patients (110 eyes) with progressive keratoconus were enrolled and treated with CXL in Department of Opthalmology,Navy General Hospital.21 patients of 25 eyes underwent standard epithelium-off corneal crosslinking (S-CXL),14 patients of 22 eyes underwent 1 g · L-1 riboflavin-sodium lactate Ringer's solution iontophoresis-assisted CXL (I-CXLa),and 50 patients of 63 eyes underwent 0.1％ riboflavin-distilled water solution I-CXLb.Preoperative and postoperative TCT were measured by ALLEGRO oculyzer.The differences of TCT decrease after treatment were compared among the three CXL protocols.Results The differences of TCT from baseline after 3 months,6 months and 12 months in the S-CXL group were (-14.93 ±27.16) μm,(-31.94 ±22.89) μm,(-27.71 ±26.01) μm,respectively,the I-CXLa group were (-20.14 ± 19.09) μm,(-10.10 ± 24.28) μm,(-7.11 ± 22.26)μm,respectively,the I-CXLb group were (-28.08 ± 26.14) μm,(-21.08 ± 25.62) μm,(-15.91 ± 19.19)μm,respectively.Three months after treatment,the differences of TCT decrease in the three groups was not statistically significant (P =0.188);Six and 12 months after treatment,the differences between S-CXL and I-CXLa were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05),but the differences between S-CXL and I-CXLb,between I-CXLb and I-CXLa showed no significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Six and 12 months after treatment,TCT decrease is related to the CXL protocol.TCT decrease degree may reflect the intensity of crossinking.TCT decrease in I-CXLb is smaller than that in S-CXL,but there is no statistical difference.

Objective:By analyzing the norm data results of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-Ⅳ) in China,to prove the validity of the procedure and methods during the norming development.Methods:The whole process of the revision of WAIS-Ⅳ,the development of computer-assisted system and norm sampling plan,were introduced in more detail,and the distribution of actual norm data of 1757 cases was analyzed.Results:For area distribution,compared with planned sampling number,the number from North and Northeast China was statistically significant different (x2 =78.02,P ＜0.01).For age stages distribution,most of cases conformed to the requirements of sampling,except that some cases including high-level educational cases aged 16-17 years and above 65 years,and low-level educational cases aged 30-34 years were less than the planned sampling number.For gender distribution,male subjects were more,but there was no statistically significant difference between male and female subjects (x2 =228,P =0.131).For educational degree distribution,the sampling conformed to the requirements of sampling plan (x2 =2.74,P =0.603).For occupation,resident years and registered permanent residence,and the sample was basically representative.Conclusion:The process of the revision of the Chinese version of WAIS-Ⅳ is appropriate,and actual norm sampling basically conforms to planned sample distribution,providing the sufficient representativeness and reliability for national norm data of WAIS-Ⅳ.

Objective To investigate the effects of predictive nursing intervention on acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) patients undergoing temporary preventive cardiac pace maker .Methods A total of 130 patients with AMI undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) were enrolled by convenience sampling method and divided into control group (n=65) and observation group(n=65) according to the time of admittion.All patients were received temporary preventive cardiac pace maker before PCI .Routine nursing was applied in patients of the control group , and predictive nursing was applied in patients of the observation group . Malignant arrhythmia , hypotension and serious complications were recorded and analyzed .Results In both groups, the right coronary artery was the main artery of the infarction , accounting for 80.00%(control group, 52/65), 76.92%(observation group, 50/65) respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Malignant arrhythmia rate in the observation group tended to decrease compared with that of the control group (7.69% vs 18.46%), but there′s no statistically significant difference ( P =0.069 ).Malignant arrhythmia rate of right coronary artery infarction in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (6.00%vs 21.15%) ( P =0.026 ).12.31% of observation group patients developed hypotension versus 26.15% in the control group ( P =0.045 ).Predictive nursing intervention had a tendency to reduce complications occurrence compared with routine nursing intervention (10.77%vs 20.00%), but no statistical significance was achieved(P=0.145).Conclusions Implementation of predictive nursing intervention among AMI patients undergoing temporary preventive cardiac pace maker plays an important role in reducing the risks of malignant arrhythmia and hypotension , which has certain meaning for the clinical nursing .

Objective:To understand the characteristics of the callers with the diagnosis of mental disorders called Beijing Psychological Crisis Hotline for help,in order to provide specific psychological intervention services for them in future.Methods:From December 2002 to December 2008,24217 different callers'data collected from a computer-based operating system of the Beijing Psychological Crisis Hotline were analyzed.According to their self-reported of having the diagnoses of mental disorder or not,the callers were divided into the ones with diagnosis (n=6516)and the ones without diagnosis (n =17701).The callers'demographic characteristics,their main counseling problems and the suicide-related factors in the two groups were compared.Results:The top five main counseling problems in the group with diagnosis were mental problems,the mental illness related knowledge,the problems of family relationships,working problems and interpersonal problems.Mental problem ranked first in both groups.Compared to the group without diagnosis,the diagnosed ones were more likely to be found in such group of people as women,aged between 20 -29 and 30 -44,having 10 or more years of education and the unem-ployed.The results of the assessments of 11 suicide-related risk factors showed that callers with diagnoses had higher prevalence of most suicide-related factors than those in the other group(P <0.001 or 0.05),which included suicidal intention and behavior while calling,history of attempted suicide,severe depressive symptoms,severe physi-cal illness,history of being abused,afraid of being attacked,suicidal history of relatives or associates,severe of hopeless.Conclusion:The hotline counselors should be aware of the necessity of assessing the severity of depres-sion and other suicide-related factors for the callers with mental disorder diagnoses before providing any psychologi-cal intervention.Moreover,except for providing interventions on the callers'psychiatric problems,the hotline coun-selors should also identify and help to deal with the stress events in their lives.

Objective:To compare the results of two different measures assessing prospective memory (PM) in elderly schizophrenia,and explore their diagnostic validity.Methods:Fifty patients who were diagnosed as schiz-ophrenia according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ)and 50 normal elderly people were enrolled in the study.Laboratory paradigm prospective memory task and the Chinese version of the Cambridge prospective memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT)were administered to measure thelevel of EBPM and TBPM.The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition,Continuous Performance Test-I-dentical Pairs were used to evaluate IQ and attention.Results:Whether in the laboratory paradigm or C-CAM-PROMPT,schizophrenia group performed worse than normal controls on PM total scores[7(0,16)vs.12(0,16),14 (4,34)vs.25(11,36)],EBPM[3(0,8)vs.6(0,8),7(2,16)vs.14(4,18)]and TBPM [3(0,8)vs.6(0,8),6(2,18) vs.12(4,18)],and patients had comparable performances in PM subtypes[-1.0(-2.2,1.0)vs. -1.0(-2.1, 0.8),-1.9(-3.4,0.8)vs. -1.8(-2.9,1.6)].In the C-CAMPROMPT,the scores of EBPM and TBPM were negatively related to age(r=-0.36 --0.40,P<0.001 ),but there was no significant relationship between PM performance and age in the laboratory paradigm task.The area under ROC curve of the laboratory paradigm and C-CAMPROMPT were 0.73 and 0.85.While 8 and 19 as the cut off value,the sensitivity were 0.60 and 0.74,and the specificity were 0.76 and 0.90,respectively.Conclusion:The two measures have confirmed that the elderly schizophrenia have comparable performances in EBPM and TBPM.Both the C-CAMPROMPT and the laboratory paradigm have moderate level of diagnostic validity,but the former is slightly higher and more susceptible to aging.