With the continuous development of medical science and the widespread use of antibiotics,the problem of bacterial resistance is increasing,especially the increasing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)infection,and the high mortality rate,which brings great challenges to clinical treatment.In this paper,the mechanism of drug resistance,existing antibac-terial drugs,and exploratory treatment options for CRE are reviewed,and the research progress in treating CRE infection is dis-cussed to provide more reliable evidence and a theoretical basis for clinical practice.

Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation is a key link in the development of liver fibrosis.The metabolic reprogramming of activated HSC has become a hot topic in current research,especially the change of glycolysis is an important factor in regulating HSC activation.Based on the metabolic reprogramming in the process of HSC activation,this paper expounds the mechanism of regulating HSC activation and liver fibrosis through glycolysis,and reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients in regulating HSC glycolysis to prevent and treat liver fibrosis.Liver fibrosis is a complex pathological process involving multiple factors and pathways.From the perspective of regulating the glycolysis of activated HSC,it can provide a new idea for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of blumeatin from Blumea balsamifera and to evaluate its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS The content of blumeatin in the extract of B. balsamifera was determined by HPLC. On the basis of the single factor experiment， the extraction technology of blumeatin was optimized by the Box-Behnken response surface method with the volume fraction of ethanol， liquid-solid ratio and extraction time as the factors， using the yield of blumeatin as index. Microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of blumeatin against Streptococcus pyogenes， Staphylococcus aureus， Streptococcus agalactiae， Streptococcus mutans， Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus. The anti-inflammatory activity of blumeatin was evaluated by ear swelling test and capillary permeability test in mice. RESULTS The optimal extraction technology was as follows： ethanol concentration of 90%， liquid-material ratio of 15∶1， extraction time of 2 h at 80 ℃； the yield of blumeatin using this extraction process was 1.97 mg/g. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of blumeatin for S. pyogenes， S. aureus， S. agalactiae， S. mutans， B. subtilis and M. luteus were 50.00， 200.00， 400.00， 400.00， 800.00 and 1 600.00 μg/mL， respectively； the minimum bactericidal concentrations of blumeatin for S. pyogenes and S. aureus were 400.00 and 1 600.00 μg/mL， respectively. Blumeatin could significantly inhibit the ear swelling induced by xylene and capillary permeability induced by acetic acid in mice（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction technology of blumeatin is stable and feasible. The extracted blumeatin has a certain antibacterial effect against S. pyogenes and a good anti-inflammatory activity.

Humans ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Treatment Failure ; HIV Infections/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

Objective:To explore the development trends, frontiers, and hotspots of research on early rehabilitation for patients with severe neurological diseases at home and abroad in the past 10 years, with a view to providing reference for the development of early rehabilitation for patients with severe neurological diseases in China.Methods:The article on early rehabilitation for patients with severe neurological diseases was systematically searched in the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) . The search period was from January 1, 2012 to June 1, 2022. CiteSpace software was used to construct a visual graph of early rehabilitation for patients with severe neurological diseases in authoritative databases in both Chinese and English, for agency cooperation, author cooperation, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword clustering analysis.Results:A total of 349 articles were included, including 237 Chinese articles and 112 English articles. According to the search results of CNKI, there were 161 institutions publishing article related to early rehabilitation for patients with severe neurological diseases in China, among which the Nursing Department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medicine School had the highest number of publications (4 articles) . The search results of the Web of Science showed that there were 160 institutions publishing article in this field, among which the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health in Australia in Australia had the highest number of publications (16 articles) . Foreign researchers mainly focused on the safety assessment and timing of early rehabilitation for patients with severe neurological diseases, while domestic research mainly focused on the evaluation of the effectiveness of different rehabilitation methods on early rehabilitation for patients with severe neurological diseases.Conclusions:The research on early rehabilitation of patients with severe neurological diseases in foreign countries is more in-depth and comprehensive than in China, and there are more multi-center clinical studies, providing a high-level evidence for clinical decision-making. On the basis of existing research results, domestic scholars should focus on strengthening interdisciplinary and inter institutional cooperation, improving the quality and effectiveness of rehabilitation, and fully leveraging the leading role of nurses while collaborating across multiple disciplines.

Objective:To analyze immune effects of children with different immunization schedules after the conversion of polio vaccine immunization strategy.Methods:Serum samples of children with different immunization schedules were collected in 2018 and 2021 respectively. The neutralizing antibody against poliovirus was detected by micro cell neutralization test, and the antibody positive rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) were analyzed.Results:The positive rates of neutralizing antibodies against type I and type III poliovirus in children immunized with two doses inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and two doses bivalent live attenuated oral polio vaccine (bOPV), one dose IPV and 3 doses bOPV were both 100.00%. The GMT for type I poliovirus antibody were higher than 1∶300, and for type III poliovirus antibody were close to 1∶200. In children vaccinated with IPV, the positive rates of type I and III poliovirus antibodies were 96.72% and 95.08%, and the GMT for type I and III poliovirus antibodies were 1∶96.72 and 1∶48.72, respectively. In children vaccinated with trivalent live attenuated oral polio vaccine (tOPV) only, the positive rates of type I and III poliovirus antibodies were 98.68% and 96.05%, and the GMT for type I and III poliovirus antibodies were 1∶126.84 and 1∶68.22, respectively. In children vaccinated with three doses tOPV and one dose bOPV, the positive rates of type I and III poliovirus antibodies were 100.00% and 98.57%, and the GMT for type I and III poliovirus antibodies were 1∶214.21 and 1∶94.17, respectively.Conclusions:Children who received sequential immunization with IPV and live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) have a high level of positive rate and GMT of neutralizing antibody against poliovirus type I and III.

Objective:To compare the polio antibody level of healthy children in Jiangsu Province before and after the conversion of (inactivated poliovirus vaccine, IPV) immunization program.Methods:200 serum samples of healthy children under 5 years old in Jiangsu Province were collected before and after the vaccine conversion, and the neutralizing antibody against poliomyelitis was measured using the micro cell neutralization test. We compared the differences in the positive rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) of polio antibody before and after vaccine conversion.Results:Before vaccine conversion, positive rates of antibody against poliovirus type Ⅰ and Ⅲ were 98.50% and 92.00%, with GMTs of 1∶100.43 and 1∶23.34, respectively. After the conversion, positive rates of polio antibody type I and Ⅲ were 99.00% and 96.00%, GMT were 1∶213.04 and 1∶121.10.Conclusions:There is a difference in immunization effect before and after the polio vaccine conversion, and the antibody level of the population after vaccine conversion is higher than that before vaccine conversion. It is recommended to gradually increase the IPV dose in order to finally achieve the whole course of IPV inoculation.

Objectives:To assess bowel function and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA).Methods:Clinical data of 37 UC patients after IPAA between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University. The IBDQ and Bowel Function questionnaire were used for analyzing correlation between clinical variables and quality of life or bowel function.Results:Laparoscopic operation was performed in 12 cases at stage 2 and 25 cases at stage 3. Postoperative defecation of stage 3 patients were better than that of stage 2 ( t=6.72, P<0.05). The number of daily defecation in age >45-year-old group was more than that in <45-year-old ( t=3.49, P<0.05), and the rate of evening stool seepage in the older group was higher than in the younger group( t=5.28, P<0.05). The total score of intestinal symptoms of IBDQ in patients of pouchitis was lower than that without pouchitis ( r=0.330, P<0.05). The total score in age >45 in terms of systemic symptoms ( r=0.349, P<0.05) and emotional function ( r=0.379, P<0.05) was higher than age <45. Conclusions:Outcomes of UC patients after IPAA are satisfactory, bowel function and quality of life is related with age, and stage of IPAA affect postoperative defecation.

From providing funds for the global fight against infectious diseases,to actively participating in global health security actions,to strengthening mutual cooperation in the field of health,and providing medical treatment,training and scholarships to countries in need,China's foreign aid on global poverty alleviation is increasingly diversified and expanding in scale.Indeed,China is playing an increasingly important leading role in the global health agenda.It is worth mentioning that over the years,artemisinin compound have saved millions of lives all over the world,especially in poverty-stricken areas.China's work mode of malaria elimination has also been written into WHO's technical documents and recommended to other countries.Since 2007,Chinese medical staff has carried out the Artemisinin Compound Malaria Control Project in Comoros,bringing Chinese prevention and treatment programs to the local area.By 2014,Comoros had achieved zero deaths from malaria,and the number of cases had dropped by 98％.Now,this program is also extended to Togo,another African country.This article preliminarily summarizes the malaria profile in Togo and introduces China-Togo Cooperative Artemisinin Malaria Control Demonstration Project to provide a reference for better anti-malaria assistance in Togo,and also shows one of the substantive actions of China's participation in global health governance,which contributes Chinese wisdom and offers Chinese solutions to global poverty alleviation.

Objective:To reduce the waiting time of patients reasonably by statistics and analysis of the waiting time of high-end medical outpatients and finding countermeasures.Methods:Through the hospital information system, the waiting time of 30 421 patients who were treated in International Department in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2019 to July 2019 was collected.Results:The waiting time of 30 421 outpatients was (26.05±24.30) min. Among them, the waiting time of patients with non-appointment window registration was (23.45±23.71) min while the waiting time of patients with appointments was (30.17±24.66) min, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-23.49, P<0.05) . Conclusions:Under the current outpatient procedure mode, a high proportion of patients with non-appointment window registration will increase the waiting time for patients with appointments. By increasing the proportion of patients with appointments through the process reform of outpatient department, strengthening of propaganda and education and other methods, accurate appointments can be achieved and the waiting time for appointment patients can be shortened.