Food allergy is a common allergic disease threatening the growth and development of infants and children.n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are common nutrients in the diet, which have important structural functions and immunomodulatory effects.Their protective effect in food allergy has gradually become a potential research hotspot.This review highlights the function and immune regulation of PUFAs, the regulation of n-3 PUFAs on immunological indexes, the mechanism of food allergy, and the relationship between food allergy, and the impact of n-3 PUFAs on other allergic diseases.

To analyze the sensitization characteristics and significance of airborne allergens in chronic urticaria (CU) with airway allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis and/or asthma). From May to August 2015, the Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted an epidemiological survey of allergic diseases in grassland area of Inner Mongolia by multistage stratified cluster sampling. The results of skin prick test (SPT) for airborne allergens in 191 patients with CU and 1 132 patients with airway allergic diseases were analyzed. The statistical data were tested by chi-square segmentation method, and the stratified trend of rate was tested by Linear-by-Linear. Among the 191 patients with CU, 92 (48.17%) had CU without airway allergic diseases (CU alone), and 99 (51.83%) had CU with airway allergic diseases. The top three air allergens were house dust mite, chenopodium pollen and salix pollen in CU alone (only one is the major local allergen), and artemisia, humulus scandens and chenopodium pollen in CU with airway allergic diseases (All are the main local allergens) and airway allergic diseases. Compared between CU alone and CU with airway allergic disease, the positive rate of allergen SPT and multiple strong positive rate were statistically significant (59.60% vs 38.04%, χ2=13.336;27.12% vs 2.86%, χ2=8.729; P<0.016 7).There was no significant difference in positive rate of skin prick, multiple positive rate, strong positive rate and multiple strong positive rate between CU with airway allergic disease and airway allergic diseases (59.60% vs 57.69%, χ2=0.136, P>0.016 7; 71.19% vs 75.20%, χ2=0.461, P>0.016 7; 54.24% vs 69.68%, χ2=5.969, P>0.016 7; 27.12% vs 37.83%, χ2=2.663, P>0.016 7), but there was significant difference in these between CU without airway allergic disease and airway allergic diseases (38.04% vs 57.69%, χ2=13.336, P<0.01; 51.43% vs 75.20%, χ2=9.745, P<0.01; 28.57% vs 69.68%, χ2=25.624, P<0.01; 2.86% vs 37.83%, χ2=17.620, P<0.01).The strong positive rate and the multiple strong positive rate of allergen increased with the increase of CU with allergic diseases, and the trend difference was statistically significant (38.04%,56.98% and 76.92%, χ2 =10.601, P<0.01; 28.57%,46.94% and 90.00%, χ2=12.085, P<0.01; 2.86%,24.49% and 40.00%, χ2=10.077, P<0.01). The allergen sensitization characteristics of CU with airway allergic diseases are similar to airway allergic diseases,and the detection of airborne allergens may have certain clinical value in the screening of risk factors for patients with CU associated with airway allergic diseases.

Objective:To investigate sensitization rate of cow′s milk in children, and explore its clinical features.Methods:This study enrolled a total of 818 patients under 18 years old with suspected food allergy who were admitted to the Allergy department in Beijing Shijitan Hospital during June 2018 to November 2020. The ImmunoCAP fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay system was used to quantify cow milk-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). Mild sensitization to cow′s milk was defined as Radio-Allergo-Sorbent-Test (RAST) class 1, moderate sensitization was defined as class 2-3 and severe sensitization was class 4-6. Statistical methods such as χ 2 test, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to retrospectively clarify differences of cow′s milk sensitization rate between ages of children and elaborate its clinical features. Results:Overall sensitization rate of cow′s milk reached 25.7% (210/818). Positive rate of cow milk sensitization (39.2%), cow milk sIgE levels [0.93 (0.52, 2.62)] kU/L, and moderate to severe sensitization rate (23.5%) were highest in infants aged between 0-3 years old. The sensitization rate and severity of sensitization declined with age. Most common clinical manifestation of cow milk sensitization was skin symptoms (50.0%), followed by respiratory symptoms (38.9%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (36.1%). Skin symptoms were the most common manifestation in 0-3 year-old group (47.3%), and respiratory symptoms were more common in 4-6 and 7-18 year-old groups (58.7%, 56.0%). Multiple-sensitization rate of patients with moderate to severe cow milk sensitization was 74.1%, most of which (70.4%) were co-sensitized by other food allergens, and 31.5% were co-sensitized by inhaled allergens.Conclusions:In population with age under 18 years old, infants aged between 0-3 years old suffered highest cow milk sensitization rate and increased sensitization severity. Then the severity decreased with age increasing. Patients with cow milk sensitization manifested skin symptoms most.

To analyze the sensitization characteristics and significance of airborne allergens in chronic urticaria (CU) with airway allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis and/or asthma). From May to August 2015, the Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted an epidemiological survey of allergic diseases in grassland area of Inner Mongolia by multistage stratified cluster sampling. The results of skin prick test (SPT) for airborne allergens in 191 patients with CU and 1 132 patients with airway allergic diseases were analyzed. The statistical data were tested by chi-square segmentation method, and the stratified trend of rate was tested by Linear-by-Linear. Among the 191 patients with CU, 92 (48.17%) had CU without airway allergic diseases (CU alone), and 99 (51.83%) had CU with airway allergic diseases. The top three air allergens were house dust mite, chenopodium pollen and salix pollen in CU alone (only one is the major local allergen), and artemisia, humulus scandens and chenopodium pollen in CU with airway allergic diseases (All are the main local allergens) and airway allergic diseases. Compared between CU alone and CU with airway allergic disease, the positive rate of allergen SPT and multiple strong positive rate were statistically significant (59.60% vs 38.04%, χ2=13.336;27.12% vs 2.86%, χ2=8.729; P<0.016 7).There was no significant difference in positive rate of skin prick, multiple positive rate, strong positive rate and multiple strong positive rate between CU with airway allergic disease and airway allergic diseases (59.60% vs 57.69%, χ2=0.136, P>0.016 7; 71.19% vs 75.20%, χ2=0.461, P>0.016 7; 54.24% vs 69.68%, χ2=5.969, P>0.016 7; 27.12% vs 37.83%, χ2=2.663, P>0.016 7), but there was significant difference in these between CU without airway allergic disease and airway allergic diseases (38.04% vs 57.69%, χ2=13.336, P<0.01; 51.43% vs 75.20%, χ2=9.745, P<0.01; 28.57% vs 69.68%, χ2=25.624, P<0.01; 2.86% vs 37.83%, χ2=17.620, P<0.01).The strong positive rate and the multiple strong positive rate of allergen increased with the increase of CU with allergic diseases, and the trend difference was statistically significant (38.04%,56.98% and 76.92%, χ2 =10.601, P<0.01; 28.57%,46.94% and 90.00%, χ2=12.085, P<0.01; 2.86%,24.49% and 40.00%, χ2=10.077, P<0.01). The allergen sensitization characteristics of CU with airway allergic diseases are similar to airway allergic diseases,and the detection of airborne allergens may have certain clinical value in the screening of risk factors for patients with CU associated with airway allergic diseases.

Objective:To investigate sensitization rate of cow′s milk in children, and explore its clinical features.Methods:This study enrolled a total of 818 patients under 18 years old with suspected food allergy who were admitted to the Allergy department in Beijing Shijitan Hospital during June 2018 to November 2020. The ImmunoCAP fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay system was used to quantify cow milk-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). Mild sensitization to cow′s milk was defined as Radio-Allergo-Sorbent-Test (RAST) class 1, moderate sensitization was defined as class 2-3 and severe sensitization was class 4-6. Statistical methods such as χ 2 test, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to retrospectively clarify differences of cow′s milk sensitization rate between ages of children and elaborate its clinical features. Results:Overall sensitization rate of cow′s milk reached 25.7% (210/818). Positive rate of cow milk sensitization (39.2%), cow milk sIgE levels [0.93 (0.52, 2.62)] kU/L, and moderate to severe sensitization rate (23.5%) were highest in infants aged between 0-3 years old. The sensitization rate and severity of sensitization declined with age. Most common clinical manifestation of cow milk sensitization was skin symptoms (50.0%), followed by respiratory symptoms (38.9%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (36.1%). Skin symptoms were the most common manifestation in 0-3 year-old group (47.3%), and respiratory symptoms were more common in 4-6 and 7-18 year-old groups (58.7%, 56.0%). Multiple-sensitization rate of patients with moderate to severe cow milk sensitization was 74.1%, most of which (70.4%) were co-sensitized by other food allergens, and 31.5% were co-sensitized by inhaled allergens.Conclusions:In population with age under 18 years old, infants aged between 0-3 years old suffered highest cow milk sensitization rate and increased sensitization severity. Then the severity decreased with age increasing. Patients with cow milk sensitization manifested skin symptoms most.

Objective:To investigate regional distribution and clinicopathological features of Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC).Methods:Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER)was detected in 4 081 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences by using in situ hybridization. EBVaGCs were identified and their proportions in different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were compared. The correlation between EBVaGC and clinicopathological features was also analyzed.Results:A total of 3.0% (123/4 081) patients with gastric adenocarcinoma are EBVaGCs. Among the areas with cases more than 90, the highest proportion of EBVaGC was found in Jilin province, accounting for 7.6%, and then followed by 5.4% in Liaoning province, 4.1% in Anhui province, 3.9% in Beijing, 3.7% in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 3.4% in Shanxi province, 3.0% in Heilongjiang province, 2.1% in Shandong province, 1.6% in Hebei province, and no EBVaGC was found in Henan province. EBVaGC proportions are significantly different in these provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis of logistic regression revealed that gender ( OR=2.231, 95% CI: 1.290~3.858), WHO classification ( OR=2.338, 95% CI: 2.051~2.664) and N stage ( OR=0.420, 95% CI: 0.284~0.621) were independent impact factors for EBVaGC. The proportion of EBVaGC was higher in males, gastric carcinomas accompanied with lymphoid stroma and patients without lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:The proportion of EBVaGC in gastric adenocarcinoma displays area distribution disparity in China. The gender, WHO classification and N stage are closely associated with EBVaGC.

Objective:To summarize the surgical methods and experiences of intra-auditory meningioma, and discuss the techniques achieving complete resection of intra-auditory meningioma by retrosigmoid transmeatal approach on the basis of function reservation of the facial nerve and auditory nerve.Methods:The clinical data of 4 patients with intra-auditory meningioma confirmed by surgery and pathology in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University and Army General Hospital of People's Liberation Army from January 1998 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All these 4 patients accepted enlargment of the posterior wall of the internal auditory channel via retrosigmoid transmeatal approach to remove the tumors. The electro-audiogram, surgical records, discharge records and follow-up records were noted.Results:Total resection was achieved in all 4 patients; one was derived from the cerebral dura mater of the outside wall of the internal auditory canal, obtaining radical excision (Simpson grading I resection); the other three were derived from the cerebral dura mater of the internal auditory canal, and the epidural adhesion extended to the ventral internal auditory canal, only receiving Simpson grading II resection. The facial nerve and cochlear nerve in three patients were separated and protected by dissection; while the vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve in the left one patient were not found, and only the facial nerve was dissected and preserved. Two patients with preoperative hearing grading H2 and H3 were able to retain effective hearing after surgery, with postoperative hearing grading H3 and H4, respectively; and the other two patients had postoperative hearing grading H5. Postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores were 90 in 3 patients and 70 in one patient. There was no perioperative death.Conclusions:Retrosigmoid transmeatal approach is ideal approach for resection of the intra-auditory meningioma. Surgical excision of intra-auditory meningioma should accept the premise of protecting the facial auditory nerve and aim at extensive resection of tumors, including the dura and bone involved by tumors, so as to reduce the chance of recurrence; and it is necessary to open the width of intra-auditory.

Objective:To investigate regional distribution and clinicopathological features of Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC).Methods:Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER)was detected in 4 081 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences by using in situ hybridization. EBVaGCs were identified and their proportions in different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were compared. The correlation between EBVaGC and clinicopathological features was also analyzed.Results:A total of 3.0% (123/4 081) patients with gastric adenocarcinoma are EBVaGCs. Among the areas with cases more than 90, the highest proportion of EBVaGC was found in Jilin province, accounting for 7.6%, and then followed by 5.4% in Liaoning province, 4.1% in Anhui province, 3.9% in Beijing, 3.7% in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 3.4% in Shanxi province, 3.0% in Heilongjiang province, 2.1% in Shandong province, 1.6% in Hebei province, and no EBVaGC was found in Henan province. EBVaGC proportions are significantly different in these provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis of logistic regression revealed that gender ( OR=2.231, 95% CI: 1.290~3.858), WHO classification ( OR=2.338, 95% CI: 2.051~2.664) and N stage ( OR=0.420, 95% CI: 0.284~0.621) were independent impact factors for EBVaGC. The proportion of EBVaGC was higher in males, gastric carcinomas accompanied with lymphoid stroma and patients without lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:The proportion of EBVaGC in gastric adenocarcinoma displays area distribution disparity in China. The gender, WHO classification and N stage are closely associated with EBVaGC.

Objective To explore the surgical strategy of minimally invasive treatment for acoustic neuroma and to improve the tumor removal rate and facial nerve function preservation rate. Methods Four hundred and fifteen patients suffering from acoustic neuromas, admitted to and treated by minimally invasive surgery via trans-suboccipital retrosigmoid transmeatus approach in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2016, were chosen in our study. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Postoperative Karnofsky behavioral status scale (KPS) was used to evaluate the prognoses of the patients. Postoperative routine enhanced MR imaging was performed to determine the degrees of tumor resection. Three months after surgery, House-Brackmann facial function grading (H-B) was used to evaluate the facial function of all patients. Results KPS indicated that excellent prognosis was noted in 399 patients (96.10％), good prognosis in 14 (3.37％), and poor prognosis in 2 (0.48％); the larger the tumor diameter, the smaller the proportion of patients with good prognosis. Total resection of the tumors was achieved in 387 patients (93.25％), sub-total resection in 24 (5.78％), and partial resection in 4 (0.96％); the larger the tumor diameter, the smaller the proportion of patients with total resection. There were 398 patients with facial nerve preservation in anatomy, and the anatomic preservation rate of facial nerve was 95.9％; there were 17 without anatomic preservation, and 12 received end to end anastomosis of facial nerve. Three months after operation, H-B grading I-II was noted in 334 patients (80.5％), grading III-IV in 76 patients (18.3％), grading V-VI in 5 patients (1.2％); the larger the tumor diameter, the smaller the proportion of patients with H-B grading I-II. No surgically related deaths occurred. Conclusion Early diagnosis and early microsurgical treatment of acoustic neuroma is helpful in improving the safety and efficacy of tumor resection.

Objective To evaluate the influence of SOCS3 conditional ablation in macrophage polarization and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice.Methods The Socs3fVfl Nes cre mice were used to obtain nervous-system-restricted SOCS3 deletion models as experimental group (n=40),and littermate Socs3fl as control group (n=40).Mice (n=35) in each group were underwent T10 spinal cord compressing injury (the left 5 were as sham-operated controls);on the third,7th and 14th d of injury,injured tissues from 15 mice of each group were harvested;immunofluorescence was performed to detect the changes of M2a and M2c phenotypic marker Arginase1 and M1 and M2b phenotypic marker CD86;on the first,third,7th and 14th d of injury,injured tissues from the left 20 mice from each group were harvested;fluorescent quantitative real time-PCR was used to detect the macrophage phenotypic markers (Arginasel,CD206,iNOS and CD32),SOCS3 and STAT3 gene expressions;the above data from the sham-operated controls were used as base data.BMS scale was used to evaluate the motor functions of posterior limbs and bodies on the first,third,7th and 14th d of injury.Results The behavioral assessments of the experimental group were superior on the third,7th and 14th d of injury as compared with those of control group (P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence showed that as compared with the controls,the Socs3fVfl Nes cre mice had a predominance in distribution and population of Arginasel-positive macrophages in spinal cords on the third,7th and 14th d of injury;in contrast,the control group showed superiority of CD86 expression on the 7th and 14th d,with significant differences (P＜0.05).Similarly,fluorescent quantitative real time-PCR analysis demonstrated that gene expression of A rginase I on the 7th d of injury,that of CD206 on the 7th and 14th d of injury,and that of STAT3 on the third,7th,and 14th d of injury were significantly increased,whereas that of CD32 on the 14th d of injury and SOCS3 on the first and third d of injury were significantly reduced in the experimental group,as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion SOCS3 conditional knockout can promote the formation of M2 macrophage,as well as good functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice.