ObjectiveTo establish the multi-technique characteristic profiles of Alumen by X-ray diffraction（XRD）， Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）， and to explore the spectral characteristics for rapid identification of Alumen and its potential adulterant， Ammonium alum. MethodsA total of 27 batches of Alumen samples from 8 production regions were collected for preliminary identification based on visual characteristics. The PDF standard cards of XRD were used to differentiate Alumen from A. alum， and the XRD characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and then the common peaks were screened. Based on hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， the characteristic information that could be used for identification of Alumen was selected with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. FTIR characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and key wavenumbers for identification were screened by HCA and OPLS-DA with VIP value>1. Meanwhile， the thermogravimetric differences between Alumen and A. alum were analyzed by TG-DTA， and the thermogravimetric traits that could be used for identification were screened. ResultsAlumen and A. alum could not be effectively distinguished by traits alone. However， by comparing the PDF standard cards of XRD， 15 batches of Alumen and 12 batches of A. alum could be distinguished. In the XRD profiles， 10 characteristic peaks were confirmed， corresponding to diffraction angles of 14.560°， 24.316°， 12.620°， 32.122°， 17.898°， 34.642°， 27.496°， 46.048°， 40.697° and 21.973°. In the FTIR profiles， 4 wavenumber ranges（399.193-403.050， 1 186.010-1 471.420， 1 801.190-2 620.790， 3 612.020-3 997.710 cm^-1） and 12 characteristic wavenumbers（1 428.994， 1 430.922， 1 432.851， 1 434.779， 1 436.708， 1 438.636， 1 440.565， 1 442.493， 1 444.422， 1 446.350， 1 448.279， 1 450.207 cm^-1） were identified. In the TG-DTA profiles， there were characteristic decomposition peaks of ammonium ion and mass reduction features near 555.34 ℃ for A. alum. These characteristics could serve as important criteria for distinguishing the authenticity of Alumen. ConclusionXRD， FTIR and TG-DTA can be used to rapidly detect Alumen and A. alum， and combined with the discriminant features selected through chemometrics， the rapid and accurate identification of Alumen and A. alum can be achieved. The research findings provide new approaches for the rapid identification of Alumen.

ObjectiveTo establish the multi-technique characteristic profiles of Alumen by X-ray diffraction（XRD）， Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）， and to explore the spectral characteristics for rapid identification of Alumen and its potential adulterant， Ammonium alum. MethodsA total of 27 batches of Alumen samples from 8 production regions were collected for preliminary identification based on visual characteristics. The PDF standard cards of XRD were used to differentiate Alumen from A. alum， and the XRD characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and then the common peaks were screened. Based on hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， the characteristic information that could be used for identification of Alumen was selected with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. FTIR characteristic profiles of Alumen were established， and key wavenumbers for identification were screened by HCA and OPLS-DA with VIP value>1. Meanwhile， the thermogravimetric differences between Alumen and A. alum were analyzed by TG-DTA， and the thermogravimetric traits that could be used for identification were screened. ResultsAlumen and A. alum could not be effectively distinguished by traits alone. However， by comparing the PDF standard cards of XRD， 15 batches of Alumen and 12 batches of A. alum could be distinguished. In the XRD profiles， 10 characteristic peaks were confirmed， corresponding to diffraction angles of 14.560°， 24.316°， 12.620°， 32.122°， 17.898°， 34.642°， 27.496°， 46.048°， 40.697° and 21.973°. In the FTIR profiles， 4 wavenumber ranges（399.193-403.050， 1 186.010-1 471.420， 1 801.190-2 620.790， 3 612.020-3 997.710 cm^-1） and 12 characteristic wavenumbers（1 428.994， 1 430.922， 1 432.851， 1 434.779， 1 436.708， 1 438.636， 1 440.565， 1 442.493， 1 444.422， 1 446.350， 1 448.279， 1 450.207 cm^-1） were identified. In the TG-DTA profiles， there were characteristic decomposition peaks of ammonium ion and mass reduction features near 555.34 ℃ for A. alum. These characteristics could serve as important criteria for distinguishing the authenticity of Alumen. ConclusionXRD， FTIR and TG-DTA can be used to rapidly detect Alumen and A. alum， and combined with the discriminant features selected through chemometrics， the rapid and accurate identification of Alumen and A. alum can be achieved. The research findings provide new approaches for the rapid identification of Alumen.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,immunophenotype,diagnosis and treatment of SMARCA4(BRG1)-deficient carcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 11 patients with SMAR-CA4(BRG1)-deficient cancer were collected.The morphologic and immunohistochemical features of this tumour were summarized,and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results Among the 11 cases of SMARCA4(BRG1)-deficient carcinoma,eight were male and three were female,with median age of 60.Seven patients underwent radical resection,and four underwent traditional joint targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Microscopically,the tumor cells were epithelioid,rhabdoid or spindle-shaped,with prominent eosinophilic nucleoli and frequent mitoses(>5/10 HPF).Multiple foci of necrosis were found in the tumor tissue,a large number of tumor emboli in the blood vessels and myxoid stromal degeneration.Among these cases,11 cases showed loss of SMARCA4(BRG1)expression,whereas the CK and Vim markers were expressed,SMARCB1(INI1)expression was retained,and p53 mutation was detected.The tumor cells showed high proliferation activity(Ki-67>60%),and synaptophsin was moderately positive.Three cases were mismatch repair deficient and respectively showed the loss of MLH1/PMS2,PMS2 and MSH6 expression.Conclusion The incidence of SMARCA4(BRG1)-dificient carcinoma is low.It can be easily confused with other tumors and is difficult to be diagnosed before operation,which requires confirmation by immunohistochemistry.

BACKGROUND: The SMARCA4 mutation has been shown to account for at least 10% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present, conventional radiotherapy and targeted therapy are difficult to improve outcomes due to the highly aggressive and refractory nature of SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC (SMARCA4-DNSCLC) and the absence of sensitive site mutations for targeted drug therapy, and chemotherapy combined with or without immunotherapy is the main treatment. Effective SMARCA4-DNSCLC therapeutic options, however, are still debatable. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and prognosis of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with stage III-IV SMARCA4-DNSCLC. METHODS: 46 patients with stage III-IV SMARCA4-DNSCLC were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimen: the chemotherapy group and the PD-1 ICIs plus chemotherapy group, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Efficacy assessment and survival analysis were performed in both groups, and the influencing factors for prognosis were explored for patients with SMARCA4-DNSCLC. RESULTS: Male smokers are more likely to develop SMARCA4-DNSCLC. There was no significant difference in the objective response rate (76.5% vs 69.0%, P=0.836) between chemotherapy and the PD-1 ICIs plus chemotherapy or the disease control rate (100.0% vs 89.7%, P=0.286). The one-year overall survival rate in the group with PD-1 ICIs plus chemotherapy was 62.7%, and that of the chemotherapy group was 46.0%. The difference in median progression-free survival (PFS) between the PD-1 ICIs plus chemotherapy group and the chemotherapy group was statistically significant (9.3 mon vs 6.1 mon, P=0.048). The results of Cox regression analysis showed that treatment regimen and smoking history were independent influencing factors of PFS in patients with stage III-IV SMARCA4-DNSCLC, and family history was an individual influencing factor of overall survival in patients with stage III-IV SMARCA4-DNSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Treatment regimen may be a prognostic factor for patients with SMARCA4-DNSCLC, and patients with PD-1 ICIs plus chemotherapy may have a better prognosis.
Humans ; Male ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use* ; Prognosis ; DNA Helicases/genetics* ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Transcription Factors/genetics*

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in community-dwelling elderly women.Methods:A total of 9 754 female residents aged 60-79 years who attended health check-up in Anting Town Community Health Service Center from June 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in the study. According to the ultrasound diagnosis, there were 5 220 cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD group) and 4 534 cases without NAFLD (non-NAFLD group). The general information, physiological and biochemical indicators were compared between two groups with Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test; the influence factors of NAFLD were analyzed with logistic regression. Results:The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 53.52%(5 220/9 754), prevalence in the 65-69 age group was the highest and that in the 75-79 age group was the lowest. Body mass index ( Z=47.667), waist circumference ( Z=45.949), waist-to-hip ratio ( Z=30.805), systolic blood pressure ( Z=7.543), diastolic blood pressure ( Z=7.621), fasting blood glucose ( Z=20.298), glycated hemoglobin ( Z=23.588), alanine aminotransferase ( Z=29.624), aspartate aminotransferase ( Z=7.824), total bilirubin ( Z=4.441), triglyceride ( Z=34.597), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z=2.476) and blood uric acid ( Z=29.934) levels of NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-NAFLD group (all P<0.05); the mean age ( Z=-3.885) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z=-23.553) in NAFLD group were significantly lower than those in non-NAFLD group (all P<0.001); there were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol ( Z=1.762)and creatinine ( Z=1.453) between the two groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus ( χ2=368.395), hypertension ( χ2=208.503), hypertriglyceridemia ( χ2=883.831), hyperuricemia ( χ2=228.562), central obesity ( χ2=1 506.580), high risk of stroke ( χ2=605.322) and high risk of ASCVD ( χ 2=309.434) in NAFLD group were significantly higher than that of non-NAFLD group (all P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=0.937, 95% CI: 0.928-0.946), body mass index ( OR=1.224, 95% CI:1.194-1.255), waist circumference ( OR=1.072, 95% CI: 1.062-1.082), glycosylated hemoglobin ( OR=1.348, 95% CI: 1.275-1.426), alanine aminotransferase ( OR=1.032, 95% CI: 1.026-1.037), triglyceride ( OR=1.757, 95% CI: 1.646-1.875) and serum uric acid ( OR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.004-1.005) levels were the influencing factors for NAFLD in elderly women (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the community-dwelling elderly women is high, which are associated with multiple influencing factors.

Objective:To study the image features in direction and quantity on CT scans of the axial safety target area of Sawbone femoral neck screw tunnels and possibility of establishing a stable spatial cartesian coordinate system.Methods:After three-dimensional reconstruction of CT data of 40 Sawbone femoral necks, the real axial CT images (perpendicular to the surgical central axis) of each femoral neck were superimposed respectively to get the intersection, called axial safe target area(ASTA). With the anterior cortex of femoral neck basilar seen as a landmark, the spatial rectangular coordinate system ( x, y, z) was established to measure superior-inferior diameters (D-SI), anterior-posterior diameters (D-AP) and the oblique angles. Each intersection was overlapped to the original axial CT images to find coronal position of ASTA boundaries. In addition, coronal CT union (equivalent to anteroposterior X-ray) and sagittal CT union (equivalent to lateral X-ray) were obtained by images in situ superposition method, from which the coronal positions of the isthmus of the perspective boundary (D-SI and D-AP) were determined. The coincidence of the boundary positions of ASTA and those of the perspective isthmus was compared. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the left and right sides respectively to analyze the correlation between D-SI and D-AP. Results:Every ASTA presented an oblique rounded quadrilateral, whose front base was flat and coincided with anterior cortex of femoral neck basilar (FNB). In this coordinate system, D-SI were 35.13±0.51 mm on the left and 30.98±0.82 mm on the right, while D-AP were 26.66±0.39 mm on the left and 27.53±0.72 mm on the right. There was no significant correlation between D-SI and D-AP (left: R=0.43, P=0.060, right: R=0.32, P=0.176, respectively). All the isthmus of X-ray boundary fell at the corresponding ASTA boundary. The oblique angles ranged from 8° to 29°, and all parameters were within the range of normal femoral neck (the anterior cortex of the femoral neck basilar is flat, with a D-SI range of 26-38 mm, a D-AP range of 17-29 mm, and an oblique angle range of 5°-53°). Conclusion:The intersection method can be used to conveniently acquire directional-quantitative-stable individualized ASTA of Sawbone femoral neck. Thus, a stable spatial cartesian coordinate system can be established based on the anterior cortex of femoral neck basilar.

Hypertension has a high global prevalence rate,which is the main preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Home blood pressure monitoring plays an important role in diagnosis,adjustment of treatment strategies and long-term follow-up of hypertension.However,there are still enormous challenges for the popularization and standardized application of home blood pressure monitoring.Therefore,this review article describes indication,standardized implementation protocol,current status and influencing factors of implementation and management forms of home blood pressure monitoring.It can provide a reference for promoting the implementation of practical guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring and optimizing the application of home blood pressure monitoring.

OBJECTIVES: The mechanism for traditional Chinese medicine in treating of recurrent spontaneous abortion is not clear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of baotaiyin in the treatment of recurrent abortion by regulating the immune inflammatory axis of interleukin (IL)-23/helper T cell (Th)17. METHODS: Spontaneous abortion model mice were randomly divided into a model group, 3 dose (low, medium, and high) groups of baotaiyin, with 10 mice in each group. After 14 days of medication, the levels of IL-17, IL-23, IL-10, and TGF-β in serum were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proportion of Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) cells in spleen lymphocytes was tested with flow cytometry. The expressions of (retinoid-related orphan receptor γt, ROR-γt) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) mRNA in decidua tissues was detected with RT-PCR. Embryo absorption rate was counted. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the absorption rate of embryo and Th17/Treg cell ratio in baotaiyin medium- and high-dose groups were decreased significantly (all P<0.05); the levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in serum were decreased (both P<0.05), while the levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in baotaiyin medium- and high-dose groups were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively); the expression of ROR-γt mRNA was decreased and the expression of FOXP3 mRNA was increased (all P<0.01) in decidua tissues of baotaiyin medium- and high-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS Baotaiyin inhibits the positive feedback cycle of IL-23/Th17 immune inflammatory axis, which regulates Th17/Treg cell balance, mediates the maternal and fetal immune tolerance, and prevents the recurrent abortion.
Mice ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Interleukin-23 ; Interleukin-17/genetics* ; Interleukin-10 ; Abortion, Habitual ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics*

One of the most common birth defects is cleft palate only (CPO) of which non-syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) accounts for 50%. NSCPO is a complex disease where multiple genes and environmental factors contribute to its risk. Unlike non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), previous genome-wide association studies only identified a few common genetic variations achieving genome-wide significance. This review summarizes the recent findings on genetic epidemiology of NSCPO. According to the current evidence, the candidate genes are divided into three categories: candidate genes with strong evidence, candidate genes with suggestive evidence, and candidate genes with inadequate evidence. The findings of epigenetic studies, the next generation sequencing studies, interaction analysis on NSCPO are also reviewed.

Objective:This study analyzes the expression level of miR-1180-3p and constructs the regulatory network of relevant ceRNA by integrating the DNA methylation and gene expression profile of hepatocellular carcinoma from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Methods:Firstly, the expression level of miR-1180-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent tissues was analyzed by TCGA database, and the differential expression of lncrna and mRNA was screened. Secondly, the LncBase database and the TargetScan database were used to predict the relationship between miR-1180-3p and lncRNA and mRNA, and the DNA methylation-mediated lncRNA was screened by the DNA methylation profile of lncRNA. Finally, Cytoscape software was used to construct miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA network, and WebGestalt website was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis of related mRNA in ceRNA.Results:Compared with patients with low expression of miR-1180-3p (mean overall survival duration, 5.69 ± 0.35 years), patients with high expression of miR-1180-3p had shorter overall survival time (mean overall survival duration, 3.99 ± 0.47 years), indicating that the high expression of miR-1180-3p was hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor affecting the prognosis ( HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.1 ~ 1.5, P < 0.01). A miR-1180-3p related ceRNA regulatory network was constructed in this study, which contained 2 lncRNAs (F11-AS1 and LINC01511) and 37 mRNAs. Conclusion:This study has successfully constructed miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA regulatory network, and DNA methylation-mediated F11-AS1 and F11-AS1/miR-1180-3p/C11of54 ceRNA regulatory axis has played an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.