BACKGROUND:As a degradable scaffold material for bone tissue engineering,lactic acid is widely used in tissue regeneration and repair research,and plays an important role in promoting tissue healing,new bone formation and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of lactic acid degradation products on osteoclasts and to investigate the effects of lactic-interfered osteoclast conditioned medium on the proliferation,migration and tube-forming capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. METHODS:(1)The mouse monocyte macrophage cell line RAW264.7 at logarithmic growth period was selected,and adherent cells were cultured in the osteoclast induction medium(DMEM medium with nuclear factor-κB receptor-activating factor ligand and 10%fetal bovine serum)containing different concentrations of lactic acid(0,5,10,20 mmol/L).After 5 days of culture,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and cytoskeletal fibrillar actin staining were conducted.After 24 hours of culture,RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5.(2)RAW264.7 cells at logarithmic growth period were selected and adherent cells were divided into two groups.Control group was cultured in the osteoclast induction medium,while experimental group was cultured in the osteoclast induction medium containing 10 mmol/L lactic acid.After 5 days of culture,the medium in each group was removed and the cells in the two groups were cultured in the serum-free DMEM medium for another 24 hours.Cell supernatant was then collected and used as the conditioned medium after mixed with an equal volume of DMEM medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells at the logarithmic growth phase were taken and separately co-cultured with the conditioned medium of the control and experimental groups.The proliferation,migration and tube-forming ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were observed by cell counting kit-8 assay,migration assay,scratch assay and tube-forming assay.The mRNA and protein expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins were observed by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and cytoskeletal fibrillar actin staining showed that 5 and 10 mmol/L lactic acid promoted osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells and the promoting effect of 10 mmol/L lactate was more significant.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5 mRNA of osteoclast-related genes was the highest when the lactic acid concentration was 5,10,and 20 mmol/L(P<0.05),especially 10 mmol/L.Compared with the control group,the proliferation,migration and tube-forming abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were significantly increased in the experimental group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenin 1 mRNA and protein were increased in the experimental group(P<0.05).To conclude,lactate-induced osteoclast conditioned medium could promote the angiogenesis of endothelial cells,and the mechanism may be related to the promotion of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenin 1.

BackgroundDepression is a prevalent emotional problem in adolescents， and parental psychological control is an important predictor of adolescent depression. However， existing research on the acting mechanism between the two is not adequate. ObjectiveTo explore the pathway of negative perfectionism and academic stress between parental psychological control and depressive symptoms among secondary school students， so as to provide references for reducing the incidence risk of depression in such population. MethodsFrom February to April 2023， 1 100 students across 2 middle schools and 2 high schools in Zhongshan city were selected as subjects. The survey was conducted adopting Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire， Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale （CFMPS）， sense of academic stress subscale in Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Student （MMHI-60） and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale （CES-D）. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to examine the correlation between scores of all scales above， and Amos 24.0 was used to test the mediating path of negative perfectionism and academic stress between parental psychological control and depressive symptoms among secondary school students. ResultsAmong the 1 009 valid questionnaires withdrew （91.73% of the total）， 261 students were detected to have depressive symptoms （25.87%）. As the results of Spearman correlation analysis showed， the scores of the Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire， score of negative perfectionism dimension in CFMPS， score of sense of academic stress subscale in MMHI-60 and CES-D score were positively correlated with each other （r=0.323~0.644， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The direct effect value of parental psychological control on depressive symptoms in secondary school students was 0.128 （95% CI： 0.061~0.201）， accounting for 31.37% of the total effect. Negative perfectionism and academic stress played independently as intermediatory roles between parental psychological control and depressive symptoms in secondary school students， and the indirect effect values were 0.099 （95% CI： 0.068~0.133） and 0.100 （95% CI： 0.060~0.143）， accounting for 24.27% and 24.51% of the total effect， respectively. Negative perfectionism and academic stress acted combinedly as the chain effect pathway between parental psychological control and depressve symptoms in secondary school students， with the indirect effect value of 0.081 （95% CI： 0.060~0.106） accounting for 19.85% of the total effect. ConclusionParental psychological control can affect the depressive symptoms among secondary school students directly， and through independent or chain paths of negative perfectionism and academic stress indirectly. ［Funded by Zhongshan Social Welfare Technology Research Project （number， 2022B1060）］

Objective To explore the correlation between osteocalcin (OCN) and visceral fat area (VFA) in overweight/obese population. Methods The data of 297 overweight/obese people who underwent health examinations in Health Management Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2021 to August 2024 were analyzed. According to the VFA value measured by InBody, the subjects were divided into an excessive group (VFA ≥100 cm²) and a normal group (VFA<100 cm2). The baseline data, glucose metabolism indicators, lipid metabolism indicators and OCN were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting visceral fat deposition in overweight/obese people. Results According to the VFA value, there were 193 cases (64.98%) in the excessive group and 104 cases (35.02%) in the normal group. There were no statistical differences in gender, age and comorbidities between the two groups (P>0.05). The BMI, FPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the excessive group were higher than those in the normal group, while the HDL-C and OCN were lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, FPG, HbA1c, TC, TG and LDL-C were independent risk factors for visceral fat deposition in overweight/obese people, while HDL-C and OCN were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Visceral fat deposition in overweight/obese people is closely related to OCN content, and is affected by abnormal glucolipid metabolism, which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related diseases.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical safety of Feilike Mixture （FLK） in the real world. MethodsThe safety of all children who received FLK from 29 institutions in 12 provinces between January 21，2021 and December 25，2021 was evaluated through prospective centralized surveillance and a nested case control study. ResultsA total of 3 035 juveniles were included. There were 29 research centers involved，which are distributed across 12 provinces，including one traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospital and 28 general hospitals. The average age among the juveniles was （4.77±3.56） years old，and the average weight was （21.81±12.97） kg. Among them，119 cases （3.92%） of juveniles had a history of allergies. Acute bronchitis was the main diagnosis for juveniles，with 1 656 cases （54.46%）. FLK was first used in 2 016 cases （66.43%），and 142 juvenile patients had special dosages，accounting for 4.68%. Among them，92 adverse drug reactions （ADRs） occurred，including 73 cases of gastrointestinal system disorders，10 cases of metabolic and nutritional disorders，eight cases of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases，two cases of vascular and lymphatic disorders，and one case of systemic diseases and various reactions at the administration site. The manifestations of ADRs were mainly diarrhea，stool discoloration，and vomiting，and no serious ADRs occurred. The results of multi-factor analysis indicated that special dosages （the use of FLK）［odds ratio （OR） of 2.642， 95% confidence interval （CI） of 1.105-6.323］，combined administration： spleen aminopeptide （OR of 4.978， 95%CI of 1.200-20.655），and reason for combined administration： anti-infection （OR of 1.814， 95%CI of 1.071-3.075） were the risk factors for ADRs caused by FLK. Conclusion92 ADRs occurred among 3 035 juveniles using FLK. The incidence of ADRs caused by FLK was 3.03%，and the severity was mainly mild or moderate. Generally，the prognosis was favorable after symptomatic treatment such as drug withdrawal or dosage reduction，suggesting that FLK has good clinical safety.

Methods: From March 2020 to March 2023, 100 inpatients with DS were classified into groups A, B, C, and D based on the CARDS classification system. Preoperative radiological data were analyzed to measure the severity of central canal stenosis, facet joint arthropathy, intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal epidural lipomatosis, osteophyte formation, range of motion (ROM), and computed tomography value of the vertebral bodies. The radiological characteristics and clinical contraindications for OLIF were compared among the groups. Results: Of the 100 patients, 51% had clinical contraindications for OLIF, which included 85%, 25%, 62.5%, and 20% of patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Compared with group B, group A demonstrated greater severity of central canal stenosis, whereas group C showed a higher degree of facet joint arthropathy. More patients in groups A and C had severe central canal stenosis. Regarding the ROM results, group A had segmental stiffness, whereas group D presented relatively unstable slip segments. Conclusions Patients with different DS subtypes have varied radiological characteristics. Groups B and D are suitable candidates for OLIF. Most patients in group A are unsuitable for OLIF because of bony hyperplasia, severe spinal stenosis, and segmental stiffness.

Methods: From March 2020 to March 2023, 100 inpatients with DS were classified into groups A, B, C, and D based on the CARDS classification system. Preoperative radiological data were analyzed to measure the severity of central canal stenosis, facet joint arthropathy, intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal epidural lipomatosis, osteophyte formation, range of motion (ROM), and computed tomography value of the vertebral bodies. The radiological characteristics and clinical contraindications for OLIF were compared among the groups. Results: Of the 100 patients, 51% had clinical contraindications for OLIF, which included 85%, 25%, 62.5%, and 20% of patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Compared with group B, group A demonstrated greater severity of central canal stenosis, whereas group C showed a higher degree of facet joint arthropathy. More patients in groups A and C had severe central canal stenosis. Regarding the ROM results, group A had segmental stiffness, whereas group D presented relatively unstable slip segments. Conclusions Patients with different DS subtypes have varied radiological characteristics. Groups B and D are suitable candidates for OLIF. Most patients in group A are unsuitable for OLIF because of bony hyperplasia, severe spinal stenosis, and segmental stiffness.

Methods: From March 2020 to March 2023, 100 inpatients with DS were classified into groups A, B, C, and D based on the CARDS classification system. Preoperative radiological data were analyzed to measure the severity of central canal stenosis, facet joint arthropathy, intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal epidural lipomatosis, osteophyte formation, range of motion (ROM), and computed tomography value of the vertebral bodies. The radiological characteristics and clinical contraindications for OLIF were compared among the groups. Results: Of the 100 patients, 51% had clinical contraindications for OLIF, which included 85%, 25%, 62.5%, and 20% of patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Compared with group B, group A demonstrated greater severity of central canal stenosis, whereas group C showed a higher degree of facet joint arthropathy. More patients in groups A and C had severe central canal stenosis. Regarding the ROM results, group A had segmental stiffness, whereas group D presented relatively unstable slip segments. Conclusions Patients with different DS subtypes have varied radiological characteristics. Groups B and D are suitable candidates for OLIF. Most patients in group A are unsuitable for OLIF because of bony hyperplasia, severe spinal stenosis, and segmental stiffness.

To summarise the clinical experience of Professor CHAO Enxiang in treating idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis （IPH） by staging from heat， phlegm， stasis and deficiency. It is believed that IPH has blood-heat and phlegm-stasis， and deficiency of qi and yin as the core pathomechanisms， in which the pathomechanism of acute pulmonary haemorrhage is based on intense blood heat， and modified Shihui Powder （十灰散） is used to clear heat and regulate ying qi （nutrient qi）， and reduce fire to settle the collaterals. The pathomechanism of pulmonary haemorrhage in the static stage is based on phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs， and modified Qingfei Dingke Decoction （清肺定咳汤） is used to clear the lungs and dissolve phlegm， harmonize the collaterals to stop haemorrhage. The pathomechanism of acute exacerbation at chronic stage is based on deficiency of qi and yin， and also blood-heat and phlegm-stasis， modified Shengmai Powder （生脉散）， Shihui Powder plus Qingfei Dingke Decoction should be used to benefit qi and nourish yin， clear heat， resolve phlegm and eliminate blood stasis. In the chronic prolongation period， the pathogenesis of the disease is based on the deficiency of qi and yin， modified Shengmai Powder may be used to benefit qi and nourish yin， moisten the lungs and rest blood.

Practice-oriented education is an important link in cultivating qualified builders and reliable successors of socialism， and it is particularly important for cultivating high-quality talents in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Practice-oriented education is a vital part in improving college students’ ideological and political literacy， an important measure for TCM colleges and universities to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM culture， and a significant pathway to cultivate high-quality TCM talents. The prominent issues of practice-oriented education in TCM colleges and universities are that the small ideological and political classroom is not closely integrated with the large classroom of society， the characteristics of TCM culture are not highlighted， and the current situation of practice-based construction does not match the needs of talent cultivation. Based on systematic thinking， the construction of a collaborative education of TCM culture and red culture should start from the following four aspects： cultural integration-cultivating ideological and political education and ideological and political theory courses of TCM culture； medical and educational collaboration-leveraging the synergistic educational effect of clinical practice； practice reinforcement-integrating the small classroom of ideological and political education into the big classroom of society； and “double innovation” promotion-creating an educational environment for innovation and entrepreneurship of TCM.

AIM: To compare the visual quality in patients with low-to-moderate myopia after 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and conventional 0.25 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 400 cases(400 eyes)with low-to-moderate myopia that underwent SMILE in the ophthalmology department of 989th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force from August 2021 to August 2023 were enrolled and the data from the right eyes were collected for analysis. According to the method of optometry test modality, they were divided into 0.05 D group and 0.25 D group, with 200 eyes in each group. The differences were compared between the two groups of patients in intraoperative corneal ablation thickness, uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), high-order corneal aberrations(HOA), spherical aberrations, vertical coma, horizontal coma and trefoil aberrations before and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after surgery. Additionally, the percentage of eyes with residual spherical equivalent(SE)≤±0.25 D, postoperative visual symptoms and scores on the quality of visual(Qov)were compared between the two groups at 6 mo after surgery.RESULTS: The corneal ablation thickness in the 0.05 D group was 92.78±16.56 μm, which was slightly higher than that in the 0.25 D group(83.24±17.33 μm; P<0.001). The UDVA at each postoperative time point in the 0.05 D group was superior to that in the 0.25 D group(all P<0.001). The HOA, spherical aberration, horizontal coma and vertical coma in the two groups at 1, 3 and 6 mo after operation were higher than those before operation(all P<0.05). The spherical aberration in the 0.05 D group at each time point after surgery were higher than those in the 0.25 D group, and vertical coma were lower than those in the 0.25 D group(all P<0.05). At 6 mo postoperatively, the percentage of eyes with residual SE ≤±0.25 D in the 0.05 D group was 97.5%(195 eyes), which was higher than 87.5%(175 eyes)in the 0.25 D group(P<0.05). The most common adverse visual symptoms after SMILE in both groups were hazy vision and glare. The total Qov score in the 0.05 D group was 0.35(0.24, 0.55), which was lower than [0.62(0.32, 0.89)] in the 0.25 D group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional 0.25 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE, the 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE for the correction of low-to-moderate myopia has better predictability and can achieve better vision and visual quality.