Objective:To compare the differences in the prevalence of mild micro-hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among patients with cirrhosis by using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and the Stroop smartphone application (Encephal App) test.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, real-world study was initiated by the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Alliance and registered with International ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05140837). 354 cases of cirrhosis were enrolled in 19 hospitals across the country. PHES (including digital connection tests A and B, digital symbol tests, trajectory drawing tests, and serial management tests) and the Stroop test were conducted in all of them. PHES was differentiated using standard diagnostic criteria established by the two studies in China and South Korea. The Stroop test was evaluated based on the criteria of the research and development team. The impact of different diagnostic standards or methods on the incidence of MHE in patients with cirrhosis was analyzed. Data between groups were differentiated using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. A kappa test was used to compare the consistency between groups. Results:After PHES, the prevalence of MHE among 354 cases of cirrhosis was 78.53% and 15.25%, respectively, based on Chinese research standards and Korean research normal value standards. However, the prevalence of MHE was 56.78% based on the Stroop test, and the differences in pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (kappa = -0.064, P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the MHE prevalence in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C was 74.14%, 83.33%, and 88.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Chinese researchers, while the MHE prevalence rates in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C were 8.29%, 23.53%, and 38.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Korean researchers. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of MHE in the three groups of patients with Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 52.68%, 58.82%, and 73.53%, respectively, according to the Stroop test standard. However, among the results of each diagnostic standard, the prevalence of MHE showed an increasing trend with an increasing Child-Pugh grade. Further comparison demonstrated that the scores obtained by the number connection test A and the number symbol test were consistent according to the normal value standards of the two studies in China and South Korea ( Z = -0.982, -1.702; P = 0.326, 0.089), while the other three sub-tests had significant differences ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of MHE in the cirrhotic population is high, but the prevalence of MHE obtained by using different diagnostic criteria or methods varies greatly. Therefore, in line with the current changes in demographics and disease spectrum, it is necessary to enroll a larger sample size of a healthy population as a control. Moreover, the establishment of more reliable diagnostic scoring criteria will serve as a basis for obtaining accurate MHE incidence and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies in cirrhotic populations.

Objective: To explore the related factors of subependymal hemorrhage (SEH) and cerebral hemodynamic changes. Methods: From October 2012 to October 2017, 200 cases of children with subependymal hemorrhage diagnosed by ultrasound in our department of pediatrics were selected as the observation group , and a total of 150 children who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in the same period due to craniocerebral diseases and other serious diseases were selected as control group. The independent risk factors of the children in the observation group were analyzed, and the difference of the maximum systolic blood flow velocity (SV), the diastolic maximum flow velocity (DV), the systolic and diastolic velocity ratio (S/D), the resistance index (RI), and the pulsatile index (PI) were compared between the two groups. Results: Neonatal asphyxia, preterm birth, acidosis, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), patent ductus arteriosus and coagulation dysfunction were independent risk factors for subependymal hemorrhage. The bleeding side SV and DV of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). In the observation group, the bleeding side SV and DV were higher than those of the healthy side, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in bleeding side SV, DV, S/D, RI and PI in 110 cases of single side ependymal hemorrhage (P>0.05). Conclusions Children with ependymal hemorrhage can observe the hemodynamic indexes of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) dynamically by craniocerebral ultrasound, and judge the therapeutic effect by evaluating the systolic and diastolic blood flow velocity, so as to prevent the further aggravation of subependymal hemorrhage

Objective To learn about the current situation and trends of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries. Methods The data on confirmed COVID-2019 cases were collected between January 20, 2020 and February 18, 2020 and by age, sex, nationality, contact history, region, and country were performed stratified analysis and onset time analysis. Results From January 20th to February 18th, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVI D-2019 abroad was 804. Excluding the 454 cases on the 'Diamond Princess' cruise ship in Japan, the daily number of new cases fluctuated, showed a trend of rising first and then maintaining a steady trend. The peak date for new cases was on February 1, with the number of cases reaching 26. The confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in Asian countries, but also distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania and Africa. As of February 15, there was no more increase reported in the number of countries where confirmed cases occurred after reaching 25. Among these countries, Singapore, Japan, and Thailand were with the highest number of cases, with 77, 65, and 35 cases, respectively. In accordamce to available information on confirmed cases, the cases with history of exposure to confirmed cases were more than those with history of living or traveling in Hubei. And more cases were non-Chinese nationalities, 40 years old and above, and males . Conclusion The novel coronavirus has transmitted abroad, and produced second-generation cases. Although the incidence is low abroad , its trend fluctuates greatly, so sufficient attention must be paid to the possibility of further transmission.

Motor timing is an important part of sensorimotor control. Previous studies have shown that beta oscillations embody the process of temporal perception in explicit timing tasks. In contrast, studies focusing on beta oscillations in implicit timing tasks are lacking. In this study, we set up an implicit motor timing task and found a modulation pattern of beta oscillations with temporal perception during movement preparation. We trained two macaques in a repetitive visually-guided reach-to-grasp task with different holding intervals. Spikes and local field potentials were recorded from microelectrode arrays in the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. We analyzed the association between beta oscillations and temporal interval in fixed-duration experiments (500 ms as the Short Group and 1500 ms as the Long Group) and random-duration experiments (500 ms to 1500 ms). The results showed that the peak beta frequencies in both experiments ranged from 15 Hz to 25 Hz. The beta power was higher during the hold period than the movement (reach and grasp) period. Further, in the fixed-duration experiments, the mean power as well as the maximum rate of change of beta power in the first 300 ms were higher in the Short Group than in the Long Group when aligned with the Center Hit event. In contrast, in the random-duration experiments, the corresponding values showed no statistical differences among groups. The peak latency of beta power was shorter in the Short Group than in the Long Group in the fixed-duration experiments, while no consistent modulation pattern was found in the random-duration experiments. These results indicate that beta oscillations can modulate with temporal interval in their power mode. The synchronization period of beta power could reflect the cognitive set maintaining working memory of the temporal structure and attention.

Objective To investigate clinicopathological features of pancreatic carcinoma with or without lymph node metastasis,and to explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The clinical and follow up data of 216 patients with pancreatic carcinoma from 2001 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival rates and plot survival curves.Results The postoperative survival time was 4-86 months,the median survival time was 19 months,and the postoperative 1,3 and 5 year survival rates were 65.1％,33.8％,20.5％,respectively.Patients with positive lymph node metastasis were with 1,3,5 year survival rates of 36.5％,12.2％,0％,those with no lymph node metastasis were with 1,3,5 year survival rates of 70.3％,38.0％,21.4％ (x2 =15.803,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Lymph node metastasis in patients with pancreatic cancer is worse than that without lymph node metastasis.Lymph node metastasis is one of the main prognostic factors in patients after radical resection of the pancreatic cancer.

Objective To compare the safety and efficiency between simultaneous resection and staged resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastases.Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,OVID,Web of Science,WanFang Data,CBM,VIP and CNKI databases for relevant articles published from January 2000 to July,2017.The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3.The primary outcomes were peri-operative complications,postoperative mortality,five-year survival rate.Results 25 studies with a total of 5 631 patients were finally included.The results of meta-analysis showed that simultaneous and staged resections were similar in peri-operative complications (OR =0.90,P =0.39),postoperative mortality (OR =1.23,P =0.29) and five-year survival rate (OR =1.03,P =0.68).Conclusions Simultaneous resection is safe and efficient in the treatment of patients with SCLMs.However,the results should be interpreted and applied prudently due to the lower level of evidence and the existence of heterogeneity.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge of pupils’ parents for the emergency treatment of dental trauma in Chancheng of Foshan. Methods : By the method of random sampling, a total of 320 parents from 5 primary schools of Chancheng District was selected for questionnaire survey on the treatment method of children’s dental trauma. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis Results: 40.6% of the parents didn’t know that the anterior teeth of a nine-year-old child was permanent. 66.2% of parents didn’t know suitable methods to deal with the avulsed tooth. 72.2% parents didn’t selected the corrected preservation medium for the avulsed tooth. 95.6% of parents believed they needed to learn more knowledge of emergency treatment for dental trauma. Conclusion The present study showed that the knowledge of parents in Chancheng of Foshan about the emergency treatment of dental trauma is inadequate and related education is necessary.

Objective To compare the safety and efficiency of nasogastric ( NG ) feeding with nasojejunal (NJ) feeding in treating severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP).Methods The terms NG tube,NJ tube,SAPand enteral nutritionwere used for literature search in PubMed , Embase, Cochrane Library, WanFang and CNKI databases and the publication deadline was June 1, 2016.Random effect model was used for Meta analysis .Results A total of 5 random clinical trials involving 264 patients ( 136 in NG group and 128 in NJ group ) were included .There was no statistical difference on the incidence of adverse events (mortality:RR=0.77, 95%CI 0.42~1.41, P=0.39; infection complications: RR=0.77, 95%CI 0.45~1.30, P=0.39; digestive complications: RR=1.26, 95%CI 0.73~2.16, P=0.41; stopping nasogastric proportion:RR=0.66, 95%CI 0.10~4.10, P=0.65;MODS rate:RR=0.98, 95%CI 0.71~1.35, P=0.90; the percentage of energy balance: RR=1.00, 95%CI 0.97~1.03, P=0.39 and the average length of hospital stay:RR=0.98, 95%CI 0.71~1.35, P=0.90).Conclusions NG feeding was safe and effective , which was comparable with NJ feeding .NG feeding was more convenient with a higher clinical value .

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule (DZSM) in rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to explore the mechanism. Methods Rats were divided into Sham group, MCAO group, DZSM group, carbenoxolone (CBX) group and DZSM + CBX group. Each group was assessed for neurological function , infarct volume and the expression of Caspase-3 48 h after reperfusion. Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression of MCAO group was detected 3, 12, 24, 48 h after reperfusion. Results There were lower neurological deficit scores , infarct volume and the expression of Caspase-3 in DZSM , CBX and DZSM + CBX group 48 h after reperfusion when compared with those in MCAO group (P < 0.05) but Cx43 expression level in each group increased after reperfusion at each time point (P < 0.05). Expression of Cx43 was lower in DZSM, CBX and DZSM + CBX group than that in MCAO group (P < 0.05). Lower expression of Cx43 was also seen in CBX and DZSM + CBX group when compared with that in DZSM group (P < 0.05). Conclusion DZSM capsule can improve neurological function , reduce infarct volume and inhibit the expression of Caspase-3. The mechanism may be related to its inhibition of Cx43 expression.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of RNAi-mediated STAT3 gene silencing on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human pancreatic cancer cells.Methods Lentivirus vector mediating RNA interference targeting STAT3 was constructed in SW1990 cell line.The invasion ability of SW1990 cells was determined by cell invasion assay in vitro.Cell proliferation and cell cycle of SW1990 cells were also detected.The expression of EMT related genes such as STAT3,P-STAT3,Twist,Snail and E-cadherin were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR,real-time PCR,and Western blotting.Results Silencing of STAT3 with RNAi not only markedly reduced proliferation but also greatly decreased the invasion ability of SW1990 cells.The mRNA level and protein expression of Snail decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),but those of E-cadherin increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),compared to parental cells.However,no difference was on the expression of Twist in SW1990 cell line.Conclusions STAT3 signaling pathway plays an important role in the process of EMT.Silencing of STAT3 with RNAi can significantly inhibit EMT by downregulating expression of Snail and E-cadherin in pancreatic cancer cells.