Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Objective To investigate the technique and dosage selection of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence staining in laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical date of the patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2020 to October 2023 was collected and analyzed,and the management of the Glissonean pedicle,the method and effect of ICG fluorescence staining during the operation,the dose of ICG injection,and the postoperative recovery were analyzed.Results A total of 91 laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomies were enrolled in this study,including 28 right hemihepatectomies and 63 left hemihepatectomies.The Glissonean pedicle was dissected intra-sheath in 9 cases and extra-sheath in 82 cases.ICG fluorescence staining was all performed using the negative staining method,of which 69 cases(75.8%)were successfully stained.The success rate of staining in the extra-sheath dissection and low-dose ICG group was higher than that in the intra-sheath dissection and high-dose ICG group.The average operation time was(168.5±32.2)minutes,the intraoperative bleeding volume was(152.4±56.3)ml,and the intraoperative blood transfusion rate was 6.6%(6/91),the average postoperative hospital stay was(8.5±2.6)days.One case was converted to laparotomy due to exophytic growth of the tumor compressing the Glissonean pedicle.Four cases had Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ-Ⅱ complications,all of which improved after treatment.There were 3 cases of grade Ⅲa complications,all of which were caused by bile leakage and abdominal cavity infection.They were cured by puncture and drainage.And there were no serious complications above grade Ⅲb.Conclusions In laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy,the ICG fluorescence staining method was recommended to use the negative staining method of the extra-sheath dissection of the Glissonean pedicle,and a lower dose of ICG could help to increase the success rate of fluorescence staining.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic methods of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of fourteen patients with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively and related literatures were reviewed.

RESULTSThe fourteen patients, including eight males and six females, had an age range of 23-58 years (mean 45.9 years). Four tumors were located in the right liver lobe, four in the left liver lobe and six in both. The clinical manifestations were nonspecific and variable. The most common clinical manifestation was abdominal distention or right upper quadrant pain. Radiological findings were not specific and could not distinguish primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor was confirmed by pathology using immunohistochemical staining and by the absence of extrahepatic primary lesions. Extrahepatic primary neuroendocrine carcinoma was ruled out by ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), preoperative gastrointestinal endoscopy and long-term postoperative follow up. Three patients received surgical treatment, two cases received surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), six patients received transarterial chemoembolization, one case received orthotopic liver transplantation, one case only received exploratory laparotomy, and one case received chemotherapy. All 14 patients were followed up and seven of them are still alive, the others died of liver failure or recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSPrimary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are extremely rare. Its diagnosis should be confirmed by pathology. Preoperative fine needle biopsy is strongly recommended. Prognosis is relatively favorable. Surgical resection is treatment of first choice, and TACE, RFA, and chemotherapy can be used for unresectable patients.

Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics of mental disorders in Ximeng Wa Au-tonomous County and explore psychosocial risk factors of mental disorders. Methods:Two thousand three hundred and eighty one residents aged 1 8 years and over were sampled using multistage sampling in Ximeng Wa Autono-mous County in 2013. All respondents were investigated by face-to-face interview. Mental disorders were screened out by using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)and diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases Checklist (ICD-10-Checklist)criteria. Results:Life time prevalence of any mental disorder was 19. 86%(419/2110). The lifetime prevalence rates of substance use disorder,anxiety disorder,insomnia,mood disorder, schizophrenia were 12. 99%(274/2110),6. 30%(133/2110),2. 94%(62/2110),2. 32%(49/2110)and 1. 00%(21/2110)respectively. Male (OR=0. 43),older age (35 -49 years,OR=1. 78;50 -64 years,OR=2. 59;≥65 years,OR=3. 5 1 ),unmarried and other marital status (OR=0. 3 1 ),non-Wa and non-Lahu ethnic groups (OR=0. 29)were associated with neurotic,stress-related and somatoform disorders. Male (OR=2. 41),older age (35 -49 years,OR=2. 29;50-64 years,OR=3. 20;≥65 years,OR=4. 58),non-farmer and non-self-employed occupation (OR=0. 41),and non-Wa and non-Lahu ethnic groups (OR=0. 32)were associated with psychoactive substance use disorder. Male (OR =0. 35 ) and order age (≥65 years,OR =3. 05 ) were associated with mood disorders. Conclusion:Lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder,substance use disorders and anxiety disorders are high in Ximeng Wa Autonomous County. Measures should be strengthened against prevalence of mental disorders in ethnic minority areas.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic methods of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Methods The clinicopathological data of fourteen patients with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively and related literatures were reviewed. Results The fourteen patients,including eight males and six females, had an age range of 23?58 years (mean 45.9 years). Four tumors were located in the right liver lobe, four in the left liver lobe and six in both. The clinical manifestations were nonspecific and variable. The most common clinical manifestation was abdominal distention or right upper quadrant pain. Radiological findings were not specific and could not distinguish primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor was confirmed by pathology using immunohistochemical staining and by the absence of extrahepatic primary lesions. Extrahepatic primary neuroendocrine carcinoma was ruled out by ultrasonography, computed tomography ( CT ) , magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , positron emission tomography?computed tomography ( PET?CT) , preoperative gastrointestinal endoscopy and long?term postoperative follow up. Three patients received surgical treatment, two cases received surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), six patients received transarterial chemoembolization, one case received orthotopic liver transplantation, one case only received exploratory laparotomy, and one case received chemotherapy. All 14 patients were followed up and seven of them are still alive, the others died of liver failure or recurrence. Conclusions Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are extremely rare. Its diagnosis should be confirmed by pathology. Preoperative fine needle biopsy is strongly recommended. Prognosis is relatively favorable. Surgical resection is treatment of first choice, and TACE, RFA, and chemotherapy can be used for unresectable patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic methods of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Methods The clinicopathological data of fourteen patients with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively and related literatures were reviewed. Results The fourteen patients,including eight males and six females, had an age range of 23?58 years (mean 45.9 years). Four tumors were located in the right liver lobe, four in the left liver lobe and six in both. The clinical manifestations were nonspecific and variable. The most common clinical manifestation was abdominal distention or right upper quadrant pain. Radiological findings were not specific and could not distinguish primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor was confirmed by pathology using immunohistochemical staining and by the absence of extrahepatic primary lesions. Extrahepatic primary neuroendocrine carcinoma was ruled out by ultrasonography, computed tomography ( CT ) , magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , positron emission tomography?computed tomography ( PET?CT) , preoperative gastrointestinal endoscopy and long?term postoperative follow up. Three patients received surgical treatment, two cases received surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), six patients received transarterial chemoembolization, one case received orthotopic liver transplantation, one case only received exploratory laparotomy, and one case received chemotherapy. All 14 patients were followed up and seven of them are still alive, the others died of liver failure or recurrence. Conclusions Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are extremely rare. Its diagnosis should be confirmed by pathology. Preoperative fine needle biopsy is strongly recommended. Prognosis is relatively favorable. Surgical resection is treatment of first choice, and TACE, RFA, and chemotherapy can be used for unresectable patients.

Objective For benign or tumor of borderline malignancy in the distal pancreas,a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy can be carried out.This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of this operation.Methods Between June 2009 and March 2012,7 patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy assisted by the da Vinci Robotic System (RDP) for benign or pancreatic tumor with borderline malignancy.The clinical data were analyzed.Results Robotic-assisted spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was successfully carried out in 6 patients,with robotic assisted splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy on the remaining patient.Among them,to the 6 patients with distal pancreatectomy,one patient received right adrenal tumor resection and another patient received cholecystectomy.The average operation time was 368 minutes,and the blood loss was 200 ml.One patient developed postoperative bleeding,and was treated conservatively with hemostatic drugs (grade Ⅱ).There was no conversion to laparotomy.According to the international pancreatic fistula research team's classification of postoperative pancreatic fistula,1 patients were diagnosed to have pancreatic fistula (grade A).The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.7 days.There were no other complications.Conclusions Robotic-assisted spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was safe and feasible.The Kimura operation was used in spleen-preserving operations because its 3D visual field and stability in control helped to preserve splenic blood supply and reduced the chance of postoperative regional portal hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Sixty-eight cases of liver cancer lesions were underwent laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation,and their postoperative recovery state,focal necrosis rate were observed.Results All the 68 cases were successfully performed operation,114 lesions were treated including 20 missed lesions at preoperative imaging diagnosis.There were no serious postoperative complications,the average hospital stay was (2.5 ± 1.2) days,focal necrosis rate 3 months after operation was 85.9％,lesion recurrence rate 6 months after operation was 12.2％,the 1-year survival rate was 76.47％.Conclusions Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has high security,few complications,short hospital stay and remarkable clinical effects.It's well worth clinical outreach.

Objective To optimize plan for right lobe living donor hepatectomy based on the territorial volume drained by the middle hepatic vein (MHV) as shown by preoperative MR image in donors.Methods Utilizing preoperative MR dynamic enhancement scanning image,virtually plot three types of hepatic parenchyma transsection plane based on the variation of including MHV for right lobe graft procurement. Results From June 2006 to May 2010,65 adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantations was performed at General Hospital of Chinese PLA,in which there were 43 grafts including MHV (66.2％,43/65 ), eight grafts including partial MHV which was dissected before the V4b abouchement ( 12.3％,8/65) and 14 grafts not including MHV (21.5％,14/65). There was no postoperative death in donors and the postoperative complications developed in 10.76％ (7/65). The recipients' perioperative mortality was 7.69％ (5/65). Ttwenty-one complications developed in 18 recipients,and the morbidity was 32.31％. The cumulative survival rates were 86％,77％ and 68％respectively for 1,2 and 3 years. Conclusions The optimizing liver resection plane could be practically designed preoperatively for right lobe graft procurement based on the territorial volume drained by MHV.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperoxia on the expression and transport function of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in neonatal rat alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ(AT Ⅱ) cells.Methods AT Ⅱ cells were isolated from neonatal rats,and primarily cultured under hyperoxic or normoxic conditions.Western blot was applied to examine the ENaC expression,and the amiloride-sensitive Na + currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp technique.Results Hyperoxia upregulate the expression of β-ENaC and γ-ENaC subunits in the neonatal rat ATⅡ cells(β-ENaC:1 d:0.43 ±0.06 vs0.32 ±0.04,P =0.047;2 d:0.73±0.06 vs 0.50±0.08,P =0.019;3 d:0.72 ±0.08 vs 0.52 ±0.06,P =0.027;γ-ENaC:1 d:0.64±0.05 vs0.53 ±0.05,P =0.044;2 d:0.76 ±0.03 vs 0.52 ±0.04,P =0.001 ;3 d:0.77 ±0.06 vs 0.61 ±0.05,P =0.025).In addition,the amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents in hyperoxia-exposed AT Ⅱ cells were also increased (1d:13.71 ±2.77 vs8.92±1.38,P＜0.001;2d:29.12±11.03 vs 10.41 ±1.80,P＜0.001),which was consistent with the upregulated expression of β-ENaC and γ-ENaC.However,the expression of α-ENaC was inhibited by hyperoxia to some extent (1 d:0.31 ± 0.05 vs 0.46 ± 0.05,P =0.025 ; 2 d:0.30 ±0.01 vs0.38±0.02,P=0.002;3d:0.37±0.06 vs 0.37 ± 0.08,P =0.983).Conclusion Hyperoxia enhanced the transport function of ENaC in neonatal rat AT Ⅱ cells.Dysfunctional transport of Na + may not be a key factor involving in pulmonary edema at the early stage of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.