Objective To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and serum gastrin 17 levels and colorectal polyps. Methods The clinical data of 214 patients with colorectal polyps who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2017 to April 2019 were collected. The specimens were divided into two groups after pathological diagnosis. The group included 126 cases with adenomatous polyps (adenomatous polyps group) and 88 cases with hyperplastic polyps( hyperplastic polyps group) . Another 89 patients without obvious abnormality were selected as the control group. Serum Hp antibody was detected by western blot,and serum gastrin 17 levels were quantitatively detected by ELISA. Hp infection rate and serum gastrin 17 levels were compared between the groups. Results The infection rate of 74. 2%( 66 ／ 89) type I HP in adenomatous polyp group was significantly higher than that of 55. 6%( 30 ／ 54) in proliferative polyp group and 48. 7%( 19 ／ 39) in control group,the difference was statistically significant( χ2＝5. 271,P＝0. 022; χ2＝7. 867,P＝0. 005). The infection rate of type I HP in proliferative polyp group was not statistically significant ( P＞0. 05) . The HP infection rate in colorectal polyp group was 66. 8%(143 ／ 214) and 67. 1%(96 ／ 143) respectively,which was significantly higher than that in control group (43. 8%(39 ／ 89) and 48. 7%(19 ／ 39),the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 ＝ 13. 87, 4. 467, all P＜0. 05 ) . The infection rate of Hp in colorectal proliferative polyp group was 61. 4%(54／88) and adenomatous polyp group was 70. 6%(89／126) higher than that in control group (43. 8%(39／89),the difference was statistically significant( χ2＝5. 46,15. 57,all P＜0. 05) . The serum gastrin 17 level in adenomatous polyp group (11. 35 ( 6. 67,20. 87) pmol／L) was significantly higher than that in proliferative polyp group (7. 88(3. 11,13. 07) pmol／L) and control group (5. 69 (2. 94,11. 37) pmol／L), the difference was statistically significant ( Z＝4. 91, all P＜0. 05) . The serum gastrin 17 level in adenomatous polyps group with type I Hp infection (14. 35 (8. 12,23. 68) pmol／L) was significantly higher than that of Hp-negative patients ( 8. 42 ( 2. 42, 20. 84) pmol／L), and the difference was statistically significant (Z＝2. 87,P＜0. 05). Conclusion HP infection is closely related to colorectal polyps,especially adenomatous polyps. The increased level of serum gastrin 17 is a risk factor for colorectal adenomatous polyps. Type I HP infection can increase the level of serum gastrin 17,and it is more closely related to adenomatous polyps.