Obiective:To compare characteristics of alveolar macrophages(AMs)or AM-like cells in vitro cultured from different progenitors in mice of different ages in presence of GM-CSF,TGF-β and PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone(in brief,GTR),according to a previously reported optimized culture procedure.Methods:After bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and bone marrow were isolated from mice of different ages and fetal livers were isolated from embryonic-day-15～17 mice,mononuclear cells were seeded into 12-well plates and cultured in presence of GTR.Generated cells were subjected to flow cytometry analysis to analyze expressions of AM markers F4/80,CD11b,CD170 and CD11c.Results:After culture,almost all BALF-derived cells were round-shaped under light microscope,about half bone marrow-derived cells appeared round-shaped,and about 85% fetal liver-derived cells showed round-shaped morphology.Frequency of BALF-AMs from 4-week-old mice was nearly 90%.Frequency and number of BALF-AMs increased with age of mice.Number of BALF-AMs from 12-week-old mice was nearly 1×106.Frequency of bone marrow-derived AM-like cells from 4-week-old mice was lower than 20% and increased to about 40%～45% for 8-week-old and 12-week-old mice.Number of bone marrow-derived AM-like cells increased with age of mice,and about 0.8×106 cells/well bone marrow-derived AM-like cells were produced from 12-week-old mice.Frequency of fetal liver-derived AM-like cells was around 84% and their number could reach 4×106 cells/well.Conclusion:Purity and number of AMs or AM-like cells in vitro cultured from different progenitors in mice of different ages vary dramatically.Detailed condition should be chosen according to specific study requirements.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of children with EV71 positive hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)and EV71 vaccination,and to explore the relationship between the occurrence of severe disease and the preventive effect of EV71 vaccine.Methods From January 1,2020 to December 31,2022,the clinical data of 131 children with HFMD diagnosed with EV71 infection in Kunming Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The stool samples of patients with clinically confirmed HFMD were selected for enterovirus nucleic acid detection.The clinical data and EV71 vaccination status of children with universal enterovirus positive and EV71 positive HFMD were analyzed.Results Among the 131 positive cases detected,there were 116 mild cases and 15 severe cases.Among the 80 children who received phone consultations about their EV71 vaccine status,17 were vaccinated,and 63 were not vaccinated.The vaccinated children were all mild cases,while among the unvaccinated children,6 were severe cases.From 2020 to 2022,the period from April to September each year is the peak period for detecting EV71-positive hand,foot,and mouth disease(χ2 = 125.705,P = 0.000).The positive detection rate for children under 1 year old and over 5 years old was higher than that for children aged 1 to 5 years(χ2 = 8.765,P = 0.033),and there was no significant difference in the positive detection rate between boys and girls(χ2 = 1.221,P = 0.269).Conclusion EV71 vaccine is of great significance in reducing the occurrence of severe cases.Combined with the current low vaccination rate in Kunming,Yunnan Province,it is suggested that relevant institutions should continue to increase the publicity of EV71 vaccination.

Objective:To establish a mice model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and to analyze the changes in intestinal inflammation and macrophage subsets at different stages, so as to find a new target for the treatment of IBD.Methods:Thirty male C57BL/6 mice of 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group, activation stage group and resolution stage group.The latter 2 groups were given 25 g/L DSS for 5 consecutive days to establish the IBD model.After 5 days, the mice were given filtered and sterilized water and sacrificed on the 10 th and 15 th day, respectively.Colon inflammation in mice was evaluated, including body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, changes in colon length, histopathology and histopathological score.Then the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in colon tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR). Finally, the changes of intestinal macrophage subsets were detected by flow cytometry. Results:The colon inflammation of mice in the activation stage group was significantly more severe than that in the control group, while the colon inflammation of mice in the resolution stage group was reduced.The colon length of mice in the activation stage group was (5.94±0.40) cm, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(7.25±0.29) cm], and the situation was slightly improved in the resolution stage with the colon length of [(6.87±0.95) cm], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the activation stage were 53.40±6.58, 117.69±30.78 and 2.52±0.25, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.00±0.13, 1.00±0.39, 1.00±0.10); the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the resolution stage were 2.51±0.13, 5.43±0.51 and 1.73±0.14, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the activation stages(all P<0.05). The expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β in the resolution stage was 2.41±0.17, which was significantly higher than that in the activation stage (0.94±0.12), and the diffe-rence was statistically significant ( P<0.05). During the progression of IBD, there were 3 groups of macrophages in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa of mice, of which the number of F4/80 lowCD 64-MHCⅡ - macrophage subset with the lowest maturity increased significantly in the activation stage of IBD, accounting for (10.68±4.62)%, and it decreased and returned to the normal level in the resolution stage, accounting for (4.63±1.06)%, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Macrophages play an important role in the progression of IBD, the hindrance of maturation and development may be the main cause of inflammatory injury in the activation stage of IBD, and the transformation of macrophage subsets may become a new target for the treatment of IBD.

Objective:To explore the significance of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) as a new biomarker for the differential diagnosis of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and suspected myocarditis in children.Methods:A total of 24 children diagnosed with POTS and 21 children diagnosed with suspected myocarditis treated in the Pediatrics Department of the Peking University First Hospital from July to December 2016 were included in the study.Plasma Hcy levels were measured in each subject and compared between children with POTS and suspected myocarditis.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were depicted for assessing the diagnostic potential of Hcy in distinguishing POTS from suspected myocarditis.Results:Plasma Hcy level in the POTS group was significantly higher than that in the suspected myocarditis group [(14.25±8.09) μmol/L vs.(8.99±3.19) μmol/L], which was also significantly higher than that of the mean levels in Beijing children [(8.82±5.58) μmol/L] (all P<0.05). When the cut-off was 9.36 μmol/L, the area under the ROC curve was 0.76, and the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing POTS from suspected myocarditis were 71% and 68%, respectively. Conclusions:Plasma Hcy levels are helpful in the differential diagnosis of POTS and suspected myocarditis in children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on health literacy and quality of life of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. MethodsUsing convenience sampling method, 100 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were selected from March 2016 to March 2018 in a blood purification center of a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital. According to dialysis time, the patients were divided into the intervention group (n=50) and control group (n=50). Motivational interviews were conducted in the intervention group. Traditional health education methods were used in the control group. The two groups' scores in health literacy and quality of life from Health Literacy of Patients with Chronic Diseases Questionnaire and Kidney Disease Questionnaire(KDQ) before and after intervention were compared. ResultsAfter 6 months of intervention, the total score of health literacy in the intervention group increased from (87.34±2.85) to (97.34±3.02). The scores of three dimensions of "information acquisition ability", "communication and interaction ability" and"willingness to improve health" were higher than those before intervention, and the total score of health literacy and above three dimensions in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group with statistical differences (P＜0.05). The total score of quality of life in the intervention group increased from (100.64±17.62) to (115.60±16.15), among which the scores of "somatic symptoms", "fatigue" and "relationship with others"in the intervention group were higher than those before intervention, and the total score of quality of life and the above three dimensions in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). ConclusionsMotivational interviews can improve the health literacy level of maintenance hemodialysis patients, enhance their awareness of improving health, change their bad behaviors, and improve their quality of life.

Objective To establish a scale integrated Chinese and Western medicine for predicting the progress of diabetic kidney disease(DKD),and provide a simple and reliable predictive method for DKD progress.Methods DKD patients were divided into group of microalbuminuria stage(MAU group,n=258)and group of clinical albuminuria stage(CAU group, n=234).The basic information, detected indexes,laboratory indexes and distribution of TCM pattern factors were compared between 2 groups.The risk factors were screened by using multi-factor Logistic regression analysis,and a regression equation was obtained with Western medical indexes and TCM pattern factors as variables.The continuous variables were converted to categorical variables by using decision tree method to establish a predictive scale of DKD progress.There were 76 DKD patients in MAU group were re-chosen,and the predictive scale was verified according to their actual progress of DKD.Results The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure(OR=1.021,P=0.022),albumin(OR=0.888,P=0.000),se-rum creatinine(OR=1.010, P=0.000), blood uric acid(OR=1.004, P=0.000)and yang defi-ciency pattern(OR=1.793, P=0.006)were independently correlated to DKD developing from MAU stage to CAU stage.The total score of the scale was 86,and diagnostic threshold value was 42.The area under the ROC curve was 0.852,and small sample validation showed that sensitivity was 60%,specifici-ty was 78.8%and accuracy rate was 76.3%.Conclusion The scale can well predict the probability of DKD developing from MAU stage to CAU stage,which is meaningful to the early prediction of DKD.

This article summarized perioperative nursing experience of 6 patients underwent percutaneous microwave or radiofrequency ablation liver partition and portal vein embolization for planned hepatectomy(PALPP).The key points of nursing included:psychological counseling applied throughout the perioperative treatment;personalized preoperative biliary drainage;nursing intervention targeting at Enhanced Recovery After Surgery(ERAS);complication-directed prevention and nursing after microwave or radiofrequency ablation,portal vein embolization,and radical hepatectomy.All 6 patients were recovered and discharged successfully.

Objective:To discuss the screening results and clinical characteristics of children of Miao and Dong nationalities with mediterranean anemia in ethnic minority areas of Qiandongnan State of Guizhou Province,and to clarify the differences of the mediterranean anemia among different minorities.Methods:A total of 1 623 children of Miao and Dong nationalities with mediterranean anemia in minority areas of Qiandongnan State were selected by multistage stratified random sampling method;quantitative analysis of HbA2 and HbF was used to screen the selected children with mediterranean anemia initially;phenol chloroform extraction method was applied to extract the DNA from the children with mediterranean anemia;ASO/RDB-PCR reverse dot blot hybridization method was used to analyze the gene characteristics of the children with mediterranean anemia.Results:A total of 1 623 children of Miao and Dong nationalities were selected as the subjects.Among 938 children with Miao nationality,there were 18 children with positive α-mediterranean anemia and 36 children with positive β-mediterranean anemia,and the positive detection rate was 1.92%.Among 685 children with Tong nationality,there were 13 children with positive α-mediterranean anemia and 24 children with positive β-mediterranean anemia,and the positive detection rate was 3.50%.The detection rates of composite of α-and β-mediterranean anemia in the children of Miao nationality and Tong nationality were 1.49% and 4.61%.There was no significant difference in the detection rates of different kinds of mealiterranean anemia between two nationalities (P<0.05).The major gene mutations in α-mediterranean anemia were——SEA/-αα and-α3.7,and the major gene mutations in β-mediterranean anemia were CD17/N and CD14-15/N,while the major gene types of the composite of α-and β-mediterranean anemia were——SEA/β41-42 and——SEA/β17.There was no difference in the positive rates of major gene types of different kinds of mediter ranean anemia between two nationalities(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is no difference in the positive rate of children of Miao and Dong nationalities with mediterranean anemia in minority areas of Qiandongnan State.CD17/N,——SEA/-αα and ——SEA/β41-42 are the major gene types of α-,β-,and αβ-mediterranean anemia,respectively.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis judgment values of trimester ultrasound screening for simple single umbilical artery fetal malformation.Methods From January 2011 to January 2015,selected the 15-28 weeks pregnant singleton pregnancies in Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital for system fetal ultrasound,in which the single umbilical artery group of 50 patients,50 cases of healthy pregnant women (control group),the two groups were carried ultrasound screening with single umbilical artery flow spectrum analysis,and observed the prognosis.Results The single umbilical artery fetal bladder after abdominal oblique horizontal cross-section of the umbilical artery bypass saw one side of the bladder,and there were 24 patients the malformations with the incidence rate was 48.0％.In the two groups can be clearly demonstrated umbilical artery condition,but the umbilical artery pulsation index(PI),arterial resistance index (RI) and peak valley ratio of umbilical artery blood flow velocity (S/D) value in the single umbilical artery group were 1.02±0.17,0.66±0.06 and 3.08 ±0.57,significantly higher than those of the control group (0.75 ± 0.21,0.53 ± 0.08,2.11±0.27;t=7.298,11.874,15.983,P＜ 0.05).In the single umbilical artery group,there were 32 patients of abortion,10 patients of birth were,8 patients ogpregnancy.Perinatal death in 8 cases,the mortality rate was 16.0％,the single umbilical artery fetal malformations of perinatal mortality was significantly higher than that of children with simple single fetal umbilical artery (x2 =9.333,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Trimester ultrasound screening for single umbilical artery combined with simple two-dimensional ultrasound and umbilical arteryblood flow velocity conditions can improve fetal malformations value judgment,provide a reliable detection method to reduce oerinatal mortality.

Objective To explore the impacts of natural ovulation cycles and stimulation cycles on the outcome of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in order to improve the clinical effects of IUI. Methods 176 women received 384 stimulation cycles. According to different ovulation stimulation protocols , the women were divided into six groups including natural cycle (NC) group, clomiphene citrate (CC) group, letrozole (LE) group;human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG ) group, CC + HMG group, and LE + HMG group. The pregnancy rate between nature cycles and ovarian hyperstimulation cycles was compared. Results The pregnancy rate was 9.33%in the nature cycle group and 13.27% in the stimulation cycle group, with a significant difference (P < 0.05);and it dif not differ significantly among the stimulation cycle groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Use of ovulation-induction medications is one of the important factors affecting the pregnancy rate of intrauterine insemination. There are no differences in the outcome of IUI among different ovulation stimulation protocols.