Objective: To identify the risk factors in mortality of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: Second analysis of the data collected in the "efficacy of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of children with moderate to severe PARDS" program. Retrospective case summary of the risk factors of mortality of children with moderate to severe PARDS who admitted in 14 participating tertiary PICU between December 2016 to December 2021. Differences in general condition, underlying diseases, oxygenation index, and mechanical ventilation were compared after the group was divided by survival at PICU discharge. When comparing between groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for measurement data, and the chi-square test was used for counting data. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the accuracy of oxygen index (OI) in predicting mortality. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for mortality. Results: Among 101 children with moderate to severe PARDS, 63 (62.4%) were males, 38 (37.6%) were females, aged (12±8) months. There were 23 cases in the non-survival group and 78 cases in the survival group. The combined rates of underlying diseases (52.2% (12/23) vs. 29.5% (23/78), χ²=4.04, P=0.045) and immune deficiency (30.4% (7/23) vs. 11.5% (9/78), χ²=4.76, P=0.029) in non-survival patients were significantly higher than those in survival patients, while the use of pulmonary surfactant (PS) was significantly lower (8.7% (2/23) vs. 41.0% (32/78), χ²=8.31, P=0.004). No significant differences existed in age, sex, pediatric critical illness score, etiology of PARDS, mechanical ventilation mode and fluid balance within 72 h (all P>0.05). OI on the first day (11.9(8.3, 17.1) vs.15.5(11.7, 23.0)), the second day (10.1(7.6, 16.6) vs.14.8(9.3, 26.2)) and the third day (9.2(6.6, 16.6) vs. 16.7(11.2, 31.4)) after PARDS identified were all higher in non-survival group compared to survival group (Z=-2.70, -2.52, -3.79 respectively, all P<0.05), and the improvement of OI in non-survival group was worse (0.03(-0.32, 0.31) vs. 0.32(-0.02, 0.56), Z=-2.49, P=0.013). ROC curve analysis showed that the OI on the thind day was more appropriate in predicting in-hospital mortality (area under the curve= 0.76, standard error 0.05,95%CI 0.65-0.87,P<0.001). When OI was set at 11.1, the sensitivity was 78.3% (95%CI 58.1%-90.3%), and the specificity was 60.3% (95%CI 49.2%-70.4%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, pediatric critical illness score and fluid load within 72 h, no use of PS (OR=11.26, 95%CI 2.19-57.95, P=0.004), OI value on the third day (OR=7.93, 95%CI 1.51-41.69, P=0.014), and companied with immunodeficiency (OR=4.72, 95%CI 1.17-19.02, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for mortality in children with PARDS. Conclusions: The mortality of patients with moderate to severe PARDS is high, and immunodeficiency, no use of PS and OI on the third day after PARDS identified are the independent risk factors related to mortality. The OI on the third day after PARDS identified could be used to predict mortality.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Child ; Critical Illness ; Pulmonary Surfactants/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy*

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the characteristics of diphenidol poisoning cases and to provide clues and technical means for the identification of such cases. METHODS: Biological samples of 9 deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the characteristics of these cases were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Most of the deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were young females. The dosage was between 60 and 300 tablets, and the mass concentration of diphenidol in the postmortem blood ranged from 0.87 to 99.00 μg/mL. There was no correlation between the dosage and the concentration of diphenidol in the blood. CONCLUSIONS Diphenidol poisoning has the characteristics of high concealment and lethality. More attention should be paid to suicide cases, and diphenidol should be recommended as a routine detection item to avoid missing detection.
Female ; Humans ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Administration, Oral

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Tiaohe Yinyang acupotomy (acupotomy for regulating and harmonizing yin and yang) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: A total of 88 patients with KOA were randomized into a acupotomy group and a sham-acupotomy group, 44 cases in each group. In the acupotomy group, acupotomy was applied at yin side (4-5 high stress points i.e. pes anserinus and terminal of popliteus) and yang side (1-2 high stress points i.e. stimulation point of infrapatellar ligament and suprapatellar bursa) of knee joint. In the sham-acupotomy group, sham-acupotomy was applied at the same points as the acupotomy group. The treatment was given once a week for 2 weeks in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index (WOMAC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, thickness of medial and lateral collateral ligaments of knee joint, motion range of knee joint and plantar pressure distribution were observed in the two groups. In the follow-up of 3 months after treatment, the WOMAC and VAS scores were recorded in the acupotomy group. RESULTS: After treatment, the sub item scores (pain, stiffness and function) and total scores of WOMAC and VAS scores were decreased in the both groups (P<0.05), pain score, function score and total score of WOMAC and VAS score in the acupotomy group were lower than those in the sham-acupotomy group (P<0.05). Before and after treatment, there were no statistical differences in thickness of medial and lateral collateral ligaments of knee joint and motion range of knee joint between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the plantar medial pressure was increased while the plantar lateral pressure was decreased (P<0.05), and the plantar force line moved medially in the acupotomy group. In the follow-up, the sub item scores and total score of WOMAC and VAS score were lower than those before and after treatment in the acupotomy group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Tiaohe Yinyang acupotomy can improve the clinical symptoms of knee joint in patients with KOA by changing the local biological stress.
Humans ; Social Group ; Pain

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of the Smile Lite MDP (Smile Lite Mobile Dental Photograph) portable dental photography system applying in anterior teeth aesthetic photography, and to provide the chance to simplify aesthetic photography process and facilitate communication among patients, dentists and dental technitians. METHODS: The Smile Lite MDP photography system combined with the smartphone were used to photograph the front occlusal phase photos of anterior teeth. The photographic conditions including the color temperature parameter, the Smile Lite MDP light position and the intensity settings were explored. The best photographic conditions were chosen by blind evaluation within experienced dentists and technicians through the method of the visual analogue scale/score (VAS) evaluation, which went through statistical analysis to figure out the optimum photograghic conditions. Smile Lite MDP photography system was used to photograph the front occlusal phase photos of anterior teeth under the optimum parameter by different magnifications. The width/height ratio of the central incisor and the front width ratio of the upper anterior teeth in those photos were measured and calculated respectively. The accuracy of the anterior teeth photos taken by Smile Lite MDP photography system was analyzed based on the photographs taken by digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera. RESULTS: The optimum color temperature parameter of Smile Lite MDP portable camera system was 5 000 K, the optimum magnification was 4 times, the best light position was the side lights of Smile Lite MDP, the optimum intensity of lights was 2 grades. Photos taken by the optimum parameters won the highest score during the VAS evaluation and the result of statistical analysis had significant difference compared with other groups (P<0.05). When comparing the photos of the upper anterior teeth taken by the Smile Lite MDP portable photography system using 4 times magnification or by DSLR using the standard parameters, there was no significant difference neither in the width/hieght ratio of the central incisor nor in the front width ratio of the upper anterior teeth (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The Smile Lite MDP portable dental photography system applying in anterior teeth aesthetic analysis photography was capable to show the color and shape of anterior teeth in an accurate way by using the right photography parameters. Therefore, Smile Lite MDP portable dental photography system was considered to be a simple and easy photographic tool in clinical work.
Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Incisor ; Photography ; Smiling

Objective To evaluate the instant effects and five-year clinical outcomes of coronary artery disease patients complicated with diabetes mellitus after StentBoost-optimized percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods From March 2009 to July 2010, 184 patients undergoing PCI at our hospital were found stent underexpansion or malapposition by StentBoost after stents implantation and were divided into the diabetic (=73, 39.67%) and the non-diabetic group (=111, 60.33%). All patients received StentBoost-guided post-dilatation after stent implantation. The instant procedural results were measured and clinical outcome after five-year follow-up was analyzed in each group. Between-group comparisons were performed using Chi-square test or Student's test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to reveal the independent predictors for long-term clinical outcomes of StentBoost-optimized PCI . Results After StentBoost-guided post-dilatation, the minimum diameter (MinLD), maximum diameter (MaxLD) and average diameter in both groups increased significantly than before (<0.001), the (MaxLD-MinLD)/MaxLD ratio and the in-stent residual stenosis decreased accordingly (<0.001). The five-year follow-up showed similar mortality rate (4.92% . 2.86%, =0.67) and major adverse cardiac event rate (11.48% . 11.43%, = 1.0) between the diabetic and the non-diabetic group, whereas the recurrence of angina pectoris was higher in the diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group (47.54% . 29.52%; =0.02). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age and left ventricular ejection fraction rather than diabetes mellitus were independent predictors for long-term clinical outcomes. Conclusions StentBoost could effectively improve instant PCI results; the long-term clinical outcomes of StentBoost-optimized PCI were similar between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Age and left ventricular ejection fraction were the independent predictors for long-term clinical outcomes.

As a topical plaster developed by modern pharmaceutical technology based on traditional Tibetan medicine,Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao has functions of promoting blood circulation,relieving swelling and relieving pain. Since its introduction in 1993,it has been widely used in the treatment of various types of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain and various types of spinal,joint and soft tissue diseases. In order to better standardize the clinical application and improve the clinical efficacy of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao,the research and development work of the Experts consensus statement on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao in clinical practice was officially launched on October 19,2017,upon approval from China Association of Chinese Medicine. In this paper,main R&D process and related technical links for the experts consensus on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao would be summarized,which will help the various medical workers understand,master and apply more accurately,and also provide reference for the development of experts consensus on clinical application of other topical Chinese medicines.
Administration, Topical ; China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Pain ; Pain Management

Objective :To explore therapeutic effect of single and double stent implantation on coronary bifurcation le-sions.Methods : Clinical data of 455 patients with coronary bifurcation lesions , who received drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in General Hospital of PLA from Jan 2014 to Oct 2016 ,were retrospectively analyzed .Accord-ing to interventional strategy ,patients were divided into single stent group (n＝235) and double stent group (n＝220).The lesion distribution ,lesion features of proximal ,distal and bifurcation ,stent implantation ,surgical selec- tion ,postoperative instant blood flow ,clinical adverse events were observed and compared between two groups .Re-sults :There were no significant difference in general data ,lesion distribution suggested by coronary angiography ,le-sion feature of proximal ,distal and bifurcation between two groups , P＞0. 05 all.All patients used Cross-over tech-nique in single stent group ,while double stent group used Crush (46.81%) ,Culotte (37.73%) ,T-stent and V-stent surgery .There were no significant difference in postoperative instant TIMI blood flow grade 3 rate of main vessel and side branch between two groups , P＞0. 05 both .During hospitalization ,incidence rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction in double stent group was significantly higher than that of single stent group (7.27% vs.2.98%) , P＝0.037. During 12-month follow-up ,compared with single stent group ,there was significant reduction in restenosis rate (5.53% vs.1.36%) , and significant rise in incidence rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction (2.55% vs. 6.82%) in double stent group ,P＝0.016 ,0.030 respectively .Conclusion :The therapeutic effect between single and double stent implantation treating coronary bifurcation lesions is no significant ,but restenosis rate of double stent group significantly reduces and incidence rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction significantly rises .

Objective: To investigate the current status of antithrombotic strategy for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after stent implantation in Beijing area and to study the safety and efficacy of different therapeutic strategy. Methods: A total of 467 relevant patients were enrolled by re-travelling electronic medical records from 12 hospitals in Beijing area. The patients' mean age was (78.70±3.32) years and they were divided into 2 groups by antithrombotic therapy condition: Triple therapy group, n=17 (3.64％), Double therapy group, n=450 (96.36％). The incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) including all-caused death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization (TVR), stoke and bleeding was compared between Triple therapy group and Double therapy group.Results: The medication in Double therapy group included aspirin+ticagrelor, aspirin+clopidogrel, clopidogrel+warfarin and cilostazol+clopidogrel; in Triple therapy group was aspirin+clopidogrel+warfarin. Patient with HAS-BLED score≥3 was defined as high risk of bleeding and they were all treated by double therapy; HAS-BLED<3 was defined as low risk of bleeding, only 5.03％ patients were treated by triple therapy. 3 patients in Triple therapy group and 33 in Double therapy group suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding, P=0.338; 6 patients in Triple therapy group and 128 in Double therapy group had MACCE, P=0.589; 3 and 80 patients died in Triple therapy group and Double therapy group, P=0.766. Conclusion: Triple therapy was rarely used in elderly AF and ACS patients after stent implantation, double therapy was the main strategy; the incidence of MACCE and mortality were similar between triple and double therapies; patients with triple therapy had the higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective: To compare the clinical features between very late stent thrombosis (VLST) and very late in-stent restenosis, to discuss the potential risk factors for VLST occurrence. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: VLST group, 21 ACS patients with coronary angiography (CAG) confirmed VLST admitted in our hospital and Control group, 38 ACS patients with CAG confirmed very late in-stent restenosis at same period of time. Basic clinical data, laboratory tests and relevant examinations were compared between 2 groups; potential risk factors for VLST occurrence were studied by Logistic regression analysis. Results: ① There were 8 (38.1%) patients discontinued anti-platelet therapy in a month by themselves in VLST group and 5 (13.2%) in Control group, P=0.03. ② 13 (61.9%) patients presented as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in VLST group, while all (100%) patients presented as Non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NST-ACS) in Control group, P<0.001. ③ The age, gender, previous histories of hypertension, diabetes, MI, smoking and interventional therapy were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05. ④ Compared with Control group, VLST group had decreased LVEF, P=0.001, increased peak values of TnI and NT-pro BNP, elevated WBC and hs-CRP, all P<0.001. ⑤ The index of echocardiography, blood lipid profiles, glucose and creatinine were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05. ⑥ Logistic regression analysis showed that discontinued anti-platelet therapy, elevated NT-pro BNP and hs-CRP were the independent risk factors for VLST occurrence, P<0.05. Conclusion: VLST may have life-threatening clinical features, insisted anti-platelet therapy and improved cardiac function could reduce VLST occurrence.