Bone Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Osteoblastoma/surgery*

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming essential in the fields of precision oncology. With implementation of NGS in daily clinic, the needs for continued education, facilitated interpretation of NGS results and optimal treatment delivery based on NGS results have been addressed. Molecular tumor board (MTB) is multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. Although guidelines for NGS use and MTB have been developed in western countries, there is limitation for reflection of Korea’s public health environment and daily clinical practice. These recommendations provide a critical guidance from NGS panel testing to final treatment decision based on MTB discussion.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colorectal cancer is associated with different anatomical, biological, and clinical characteristics. We determined the impact of the primary tumor location in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS: Demographic data and clinical information were collected from 1,115 patients from the Republic of Korea, who presented with mCRC between January 2009 and December 2011, using web-based electronic case report forms. Associations between the primary tumor location and the patient's clinical characteristics were assessed, and factors inf luencing overall survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: Of the 1,115 patients recruited to the study, 244 (21.9%) had right colon cancer, 483 (43.3%) had left colon cancer, and 388 (34.8%) had rectal cancer. Liver and lung metastases occurred more frequently in patients with left colon and rectal cancer (p = 0.005 and p = 0.006, respectively), while peritoneal and ovarian metastases occurred more frequently in patients with right and left colon cancer (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). The median overall survival of patients with tumors originating in the right colon was significantly shorter than that of patients whose tumors had originated in the left colon or rectum (13.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 12.0 to 15.5] vs. 18.0 months [95% CI, 16.3 to 19.7] or 19.9 months [95% CI, 18.5 to 21.3], respectively; p = 0.003). Tumor resection, the number of metastatic sites, and primary tumor location correlated with overall survival in the univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Primary tumor location influences the metastatic sites and prognosis of patients with mCRC.
Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Rectum ; Republic of Korea

Objective To evaluate the operative outcomes of a triple procedure including simultaneous penetration keratoplasty (PKP),extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation,and to investigate the relationship between postoperative corneal refractive power and preoperative lens diopter.Methods This retrospective analysis study involved 15 patients who had undergone a triple procedure surgery in Beijing You'an hospital from April to October 2016.Outcomes including the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP),corneal refractive power,axial length,postoperative complications,corneal endothelial cell counts and the survival of corneal graft were determined one year after surgery.Results All corneal grafts were transparent and corneal endothelium were (1974.20 ±472.82) cell · mm-2.The mean postoperative LogMAR visual acuity (0.80 ±0.27) had a significant improvement compared with the mean preoperative LogMAR visual acuity (2.63 ±0.62) (t =13.042,P ＜0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative IOP (15.27 ± 2.37) mmHg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg) and postoperative data (14.53 ± 3.04) mmHg (t =0.685,P =0.505),preoperative axial length (23.69 ±2.01) mm and postoperative data (23.62 ±2.12)mm (t =-0.138,P=0.893)and preoperative keratometry (45.01 ± 1.66) D of the control eye and postoperative data (42.56 ± 5.48) D (t =1.202,P =0.260).The postoperative spherical equivalent refractive was (0.40 ±4.65) D,and the target refraction was (0.58 ±0.25)D.Conclusion The triple procedures are safe and effective for the treatment of patients with coexisting corneal pathologies and cataracts.Selection of emmetropia lens diopter may result in the satisfactory postoperative visual acuity.However,unpredictable postoperative corneal curvature changes will still affect the final refractive state.

Objective To study the effect of essential oil from Angelica sinensis(EOAS) on neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods The high differentiated PC12 cells were divided into blank group,model group,control group (10 μmol · L-1 edaravone)and large-,medium-and small-dose expreimental groups(EOAS 25.00,12.50,6.25 μg · mL-1).Except blank group,the remaining groups were treated with sugar-free medium containing 10 mmol · L-1sodium dithionite (Na2S204) for 1 h,reoxygenation for 48 h.The cell proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by kit.The apotosis rate and the morphological apoptotic characteristics of cells were observed by flow cytometry and acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) double staining respectively.The relative activity of caspase-3 were examined with colorimetric assay.The expression of p-ERK1/2 proteins was measured by Western-blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the cell viability in the model group was (67.4 ±0.10)％ with significantly(P ＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the cell viability in the large-dose experimental group and control group were (86.2 ± 0.10)％,(94.5 ± 0.05)％ with significantly (P＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the blank group,the LDH and MDA content in the model group were (912.53±16.71)U · L-1and(9.05 ±0.25)μmol · L-1while SOD level was (12.53 ±0.29)U · mL-1with significantly(all P ＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the LDH and SOD level in the large-dose experimental group were (565.61 ± 11.72) U · L-1 and (12.53 ± 0.29) U · mL-1 with significantly (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01) while MDA content in the large-,medium-dose experimental groups were (3.32 ± 0.68),(5.79 ± 0.68) μmol · L-1 with significantly(all P ＜0.01).The absorbance(A) in model group and large-,medium-and small-dose expreimental groups were 0.75 ± 0.06 and 0.10 ± 0.02,0.16 ± 0.03,0.49 ± 0.04.Compared with the model group,the difference had significantly(P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01).Compared with the blank group,the apoptosis rate in the model group was (31.17 ± 2.44)％ with significantly(P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the model group,the apoptosis rate in the large-,medium-dose experimental groups were (4.57 ± 0.32) ％,(5.93 ± 0.81) ％ with significantly (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the model group,p-ERK1/2 proteins of large-dose experimental group were up-regulated significantly (P ＜0.01).Conclusion The EOAS could inhibit the apoptosis of neurons after ischemia-reperfusion by activating ERK signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, and treatments of urothelial-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate (UMAP).

METHODSWe reported a case of UMAP, reviewed relevant literature, and analyzed the clinicopaothological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease.

RESULTSThe patient was a 60-year-old male and underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for dysuria. Postoperative pathology indicated mucinous adenocarcinoma and sigmoidoscopy revealed no primary colon cancer. Immunohistochemical staining showed the negative expressions of PSA and P504s and positive expressions of CK7, CK34 β E12, CK20, and CDX2. Thus UMAP was confirmed and treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Then the patient was followed up for 30 months, which showed desirable therapeutic result, with neither local progression nor distant metastasis.

CONCLUSIONUMAP has a bad prognosis and its diagnosis depends on pathological and immunohistocchemical examinations. It responds well to radical prostatectomy but is not sensitive to endocrine therapy. Radiotherapy can be considered for those who are not fit to receive radical prostatectomy.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hot water drinking, isosorbide dinitrate and combination of both in achalasia.Methods The patients with untreated achalasia admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the period of October 2012 to May 2013 were enrolled and randomly divided into group A ( hot water drinking and combined therapy) and group B (isosorbide dinitrate and combined therapy).Patients in group A received hot water drinking only during the first week, then combined with isosorbide dinitrate from the second to the fourth week.Patients in group B received isosorbide dinitrate only during the first week, then combined with hot water drinking from the second to the fourth week.Clinical symptoms were evaluated at baseline ( 2 weeks before treatment) as well as after 1-week and 4-week treatment.High-resolution manometry and X-ray barium esophagram were evaluated at both baseline and after 4-week treatment.Results A total of 41 patients were in-cluded in this study, 19 in group A and 22 in group B.There was no significant difference in gender, age and course of disease between the two groups ( P>0.05) .Compared with baseline, symptoms were significantly alle-viated after 1-week treatment and after 4-week treatment in group A (P<0.05), and symptoms were significantly mitigated after 4-week treatment than after 1-week treatment ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with baseline, symptoms were significantly alleviated after 4-week treatment in group B ( P<0.05) .There was no difference in scales of symptoms between the two groups (P>0.05).Compared with baseline, there was no significant reduction in lower esophageal sphincter pressure ( LESP) and integrated relaxation pressure ( IRP) after 4-week treatment in both groups (P>0.05).However, at both baseline and after 4-week treatment, LESP and IRP were significantly decreased after hot water drinking or sublingual isosorbide dinitrate compared with pre-intervention levels in both groups ( P<0.05 ) .There was no change in the width of the esophagus after 4-week treatment in both groups ( P>0.05) .Conclusions Hot water drinking or sublingual isosorbide dinitrate could alleviate clinical symp-toms by temporarily decreasing LESP and IPR, which could be amplified by the combination of these two treat-ments, but the effect is not sustained.Hot water drinking combined with sublingual isosorbide dinitrate provides an option of conservative therapy for those intolerant to or relapsing after invasive treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) of Uygur patients and related clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODSEBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) was detected in 40 cases of HL and 20 cases of lymphoid reactive hyperplasia by in-situ hybridization. Expression of LMP2A in HL was investigated by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSEBV was detected in 26/40 (65.0%) of HL and 5/20 of lymphoid reactive hyperplasia (P < 0.05). The expression level of EBER showed significant difference among various histological subtypes of HL (P < 0.05) and between patients with and without B symptom (P = 0.02). However, no difference was found in relation to gender, clinical stage and tumor burden. The expression of LMP2A in the mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis classical HL associated with EBV infection was 57.7% (15/26). Expression of LMP2A was not detected in lymphoid reactive hyperplasia cases.

CONCLUSIONUyghur patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma have a high infection rate of EBV and distinct clinicopathologic characteristics.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; ethnology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pseudolymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDIt has been reported that there is a significant difference in the local tissue concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 between chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. TGF-β has been reported to play an important role in regulating epithelial cell repair in lower airway remodeling and may be a critical factor involved in the remodeling process of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

METHODSEthmoidal mucosal samples collected from CRS and healthy control patients were analyzed for TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor I, TGF-β receptor II, Smad3, phospho-Smad3, Smad7, and Smad anchor for receptor activation by Western blotting analysis. The proliferation of sinonasal epithelial cells at baseline and after TGF-β1 and/or EGF stimulation was evaluated by the MTT assay.

RESULTSIn CRSsNP, TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor I, TGF-β receptor II, and Smad3 protein levels were significantly higher than controls. In CRSwNP, TGF-β1, Smad3, and pSmad3 protein levels were significantly lower than controls. Smad7 protein was significantly higher in CRS than controls. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the baseline proliferation levels of sinonasal epithelial cells were lower in CRS than controls.

CONCLUSIONSCRSwNP is characterized by a lower level of TGF-signaling compared with the control. In CRSsNP, although the upstream signaling of TGF-β was enhanced, the high Smad7 protein expression may restrain the downstream signaling components (e.g., pSmad3) and the TGF-β antiproliferative effect on sinonasal epithelium. The difference in the local tissue concentration of TGF-β1 between CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients did not result in significant differences in epithelial proliferation.

Adult ; Aged ; Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dioxoles ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; Smad3 Protein ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Young Adult