Aromatic Chinese medicinal essential oils are volatile oils extracted from aromatic Chinese herbs， which can prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases through multiple synergistic mechanisms including pathogen inhibition， immune regulation， and inflammatory response regulation. Essential oils are primarily used externally on the body to prevent infections and alleviate symptoms through methods like inhalation， smearing， topical application， bathing， gargling or as a suppository. They can also be utilized in the environment for disinfection and air purification， through methods like diffusion， vaporization， or spraying. The external application of essential oils extracted from Chinese aromatic herbs has the advantages of convenience， quick absorption， and simultaneous influence on both the body and mind. However， there are still challenges and deficiencies in aspects such as the positioning of functions， indications， safety， and the research on the mechanism of action. It has been proposed to combine the theory of aromatic Chinese medicinals with the characteristics of essential oils， and formulate prescriptions of Chinese medicinal essential oils under the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation， and prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases efficiently， accurately， and safely， thereby expanding the clinical application of aromatic Chinese medicinals and the preventive theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo develop a systematic case management model based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Vocational Rehabilitation Core Set (VR-CS) and explore its application pathways and efficacy in vocational rehabilitation. The 13 core categories of VR-CS are applied in vocational rehabilitation case management practices, utilizing comprehensive functional assessments to design and implement structured and individualized case management plans. This, in turn, seeks to enhance individuals' vocational independence, social participation and overall quality of life. MethodsThis study adopted a combined approach of theoretical research and empirical case analysis. Based on the 13 core categories of VR-CS, a comprehensive vocational assessment was conducted across three dimensions: body function and structure, activities and participation, and environmental factors. The study theoretically analyzed how to develop and implement holistic and individualized vocational rehabilitation plans, along with dynamic monitoring processes. Three types of typical vocational rehabilitation cases were examined, including individuals with major depressive disorder, high-functioning autism and mild cognitive impairment, to illustrate the evidence and effectiveness of VR-CS-based case management. ResultsThe VR-CS-based case management method, grounded in the ICF bio-psycho-social model, constructed an integrated and individualized case management system. This system combined the assessment and analysis of vocational rehabilitation needs, goal setting and planning, multidisciplinary team intervention, individualized interventions, process monitoring and dynamic adjustments, return-to-work activities, and long-term follow-up services.The case management model developed through VR-CS demonstrated significant and systematic efficacy in promoting vocational independence and social participation. This study provided a detailed analysis of the primary methods and steps involved in designing and implementing case management and elaborates on the practical applications of this model from the three representative cases. At the body function and structure level, case management included the evaluation of energy and drive functions (b130), high-level cognitive training (b164), and the enhancement of exercise tolerance (b455). Case management focused on accurately setting short- and long-term goals around functional limitations and needs. Dynamic monitoring during interventions ensured timely adjustments to intervention measures. This process improved physical endurance and cognitive function, enhanced sustained work capacity in complex vocational environments. At the activities and participation level, the focus was on skill acquisition (d155), stress management and psychological adjustment (d240), and the cultivation of complex interpersonal communication abilities (d720). Individuals engaged in regular professional skills training, role-playing and simulated work scenarios to progressively enhance vocational adaptability and social interaction skills. Through this process, individuals acquired practical skills, gradually boosting self-efficacy and vocational confidence, thereby facilitating the reshaping of their social roles. At the environmental and personal factors level, case management pathways involved active participation from immediate family (e310), positive shifts in societal attitudes (e460), and the effective utilization of health and employment policy resources (e580, e590). By integrating social and community resources comprehensively, the program created a more inclusive and supportive rehabilitation environment. By designing and implementing systematic case management programs, individuals showed significant improvements in psychological well-being, vocational adaptability and social interaction skills. The majority of cases achieved stable employment or continued participation in social activities following the intervention. ConclusionVR-CS provides a systematic, multidimensional and person-centered case management framework. This framework applies the bio-psycho-social model, analyzing individuals' primary functional impairments and vocational rehabilitation needs from the perspectives of body functions, psychological states and environmental factors. On this basis, a comprehensive, targeted and holistic case management plan is developed and implemented. The VR-CS-based case management approach not only enhances vocational capabilities but also improves overall quality of life and social adaptability.

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress symptoms （PTSS） is highly prevalent in adolescents who have experienced earthquake， which seriously threatens their physical and mental health， yet there is currently a lack of research on the effects of loneliness， social support and social media use on PTSS among post-earthquake adolescents. ObjectiveTo assess the PTSS among adolescents experiencing MS6.0 Luxian， Sichuan， earthquake on 16 September 2021， and to investigate the effects of loneliness， social support and social media use on PTSS， so as to provide references for the intervention of PTSS among post-earthquake adolescents. MethodsOn November 12， 2021， simple random sampling technique was used to select 2 522 post-earthquake adolescents in Luxian county of Luzhou city in Sichuan province. All subjects were assessed using Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 （PCL-5）， Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support （MSPSS）， Short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale （ULS-3） and Social Media Use Scale （SM-10）. Binary Logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing PTSS among post-earthquake adolescents. ResultsPTSS was detected in 91 （3.61%） adolescents. Binary Logistic regression revealed that perceived social support from family members （OR=0.926， 95% CI： 0.879~0.976） was a protective factor for PTSS among post-earthquake adolescents. Lack of companionship （OR=1.764， 95% CI： 1.141~2.727）， feeling isolated （OR=2.037， 95% CI： 1.282~3.236）， and viewing negative emotional response of disaster victims through social media （OR=1.615， 95% CI： 1.291~2.020） were risk factors for PTSS among post-earthquake adolescents. ConclusionLack of companionship， feeling isolated， and viewing negative emotional response of disaster victims through social media pose a negative impact on PTSS among post-earthquake adolescents， while perceived social support from family members exert a positive impact on PTSS among post-earthquake adolescents. ［Funded by Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China （number， 22YJC190019）； Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province （number， 2023NSFSC1486）］

In 2023, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by the American and European liver associations. This new nomenclature recognizes metabolic dysfunction as the central driver of the disease, and the diagnostic criteria now require the presence of hepatic steatosis plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. B-mode ultrasonography remains the most common and practical method for detecting hepatic steatosis, although newer ultrasound techniques based on attenuation, backscatter, and speed of sound have gained traction as tools to diagnose and quantify hepatic steatosis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in routine clinical practice to assess liver fibrosis, diagnose cirrhosis, and identify clinically significant portal hypertension.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of blue light on emmetropization in guinea pigs， explore the potential mechanisms and assess its application in myopia prevention and control. MethodsThree-week-old male guinea pigs （n=20） were randomly assigned to the white light group and the blue light group. Refraction and ocular biological parameters were measured every 2 weeks until the experiment ended at week 8. And the 4D-data-independent acquisition （4D-DIA） proteomics technology was used to analyze retina from both the blue light and white light groups， exploring protein composition， expression differences， and biological functions. ResultsAfter 2 weeks， Guinea pigs exposed to white light gradually tended towards emmetropia， showing a statistically significant difference in refractive error compared to the blue light group （P<0.001）. From week 4， the axial length of the blue light group was significantly shorter than that of the white light group （P<0.05）. Meanwhile， the vitreous chamber length in the blue light group was significantly smaller than that of the white light group from week 2 （P<0.05）. A total of 161 differentially expressed proteins were identified by proteomics technology in the retina， with 98 proteins upregulated and 63 proteins downregulated. These proteins were primarily enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as vesicle transport， redox reaction， niacin and nicotinamide metabolism and NAD+ metabolism. ConclusionsGuinea pigs raised under blue light exhibit hyperopic drift and slowed axial elongation， which slows the procession of emmetropization. Based on the 4D-DIA technology， the differentially expressed proteins between the blue light and white light groups are primarily involved in NAD+ metabolism， niacin and nicotinamide metabolism. Especially in NAD+ salvage synthesis， nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase （NAMPT） is upregulated， while sirtuin 2 （SIRT2） is downregulated. It provides new insights into the mechanism of blue light in emmetropization and a theoretical basis for myopia prevention and control.

BackgroundThe issue of school absenteeism due to school refusal in adolescents has become increasingly prominent. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy （ACT） has been applied successfully to improve depression， anxiety， and psychological flexibility in adolescents， while few studies have tested the effect of ACT intervention on above-mentioned psychological aspects and return-to-school rate in adolescents with school absenteeism. ObjectiveTo explore the effect of ACT on depression， anxiety， psychological flexibility and return-to-school rate in school absenteeism adolescents， and to provide a broader evidence base for clinical interventions. MethodsFrom May to June 2024， a sample of 50 adolescents with Shenzhen school registration who had been suspended from school for more than a consecutive month for school refusal were recruited based on Wechat official account platform. The adolescents were divided into study group and control group by random number table method. Both groups received psychological education with the theme of 'Causes and Coping Strategies of School Refusal'， and study group added a 6-week ACT intervention with weekly 1-hour sessions. At baseline and after treatment， Patients’ Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item （GAD-7） and Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes （CompACT） were used for the clinical evaluation. ResultsA total of 45 （90.00%）adolescents completed the study， including 25 in study group and 20 in control group. Analysis revealed that study group scored higher on PHQ-9 and GAD-7， while lower on total CompACT score， openness dimension and awareness dimension compared with control group， with statistical significance （F=7.786， 10.334， 12.922， 14.374， 3.075， P<0.05 or 0.01）. After intervention， the rate of return-to-school was higher in study group than in control group （40.00% vs 10.00%， χ²=5.114， P<0.05）. ConclusionACT intervention for adolescents with school absenteeism may alleviate depression and anxiety， improve their psychological flexibility and increase return-to-school rate.［Funded by the "14^th Five Year Plan" for Social Sciences Project in Jiangxi Province （number， 24JY41D）； Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality （number， 20210617155253001）］

Objective To explore the value of high-frequency ultrasound in the detection of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and displaying lesion characteristics. Methods A total of 38 paitients with hepatocellular carcinoma satellite lesions within 40 mm of subcutaneous tissue were underwent low-frequency (1-5 MHz) and high-frequency (6-9 MHz) ultrasound. Detection rates and ultrasonic features were compared. Results High-frequency grayscale ultrasound had a higher detection rate (71.1% vs. 36.8%, P＜0.001). Subgroup analysis showed higher detection rates with chemotherapy history (88.9% vs. 33.3%, P＝0.002), fatty liver (71.9% vs 31.3%, P＜0.001) or superficial lesion (within 20 mm, 76.5% vs 41.2%, P＝0.031). High-frequency ultrasound also showed clearer margins (P＝0.004) and more arterial-phase rim enhancement (P＝0.007). Conclusions 6-9 MHz ultrasound detects metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, especially superficial lesions, more effectively than 1-5 MHz ultrasound and better visualizes characteristics.

ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness and clinical practice of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B （2022 edition） among clinicians. MethodsFrom July 19 to December 31， 2024， a self-designed electronic questionnaire was distributed via the WeChat mini program to collect related data from 1 588 clinicians nationwide， including their awareness and practice based on 18 questions regarding testing and referral， diagnosis and treatment， and follow-up. ResultsAmong all respondents， only 350 clinicians correctly understood all the updated key points of antiviral indications and treatment for special populations in the 2022 edition of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B， with an overall awareness rate of 22.0%. Only 20% ‍—‍ ‍40% of the patients with positive HBV DNA and an age of >30 years receive antiviral therapy， while 80% ‍—‍ ‍100% of the patients with positive HBV DNA and a family history of hepatitis B cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma receive antiviral therapy. The median follow-up rates at 1 year， 3 years， and 5 years were 67.5% 57.5% and 47.5%，respectively， showing a trend of gradual reduction， which might be associated with the influencing factors such as insufficient time for follow-up management by clinicians， insufficient awareness of the disease among patients， and poor adherence to follow-up. ConclusionThere is a gap between the awareness and practice of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B （2022 edition） among clinicians. It is recommended to further strengthen training and focus on the whole process of “detection， diagnosis， treatment， and management” for patients with chronic hepatitis B in healthcare institutions， in order to promote the implementation of the guidelines.

The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing, such as fear processing and defensive behavior. A recent study, published in Human Brain Mapping, shows a new function of the subcortical pathway involved in the fast processing of non-emotional object perception. Rapid object processing is a critical function of visual system. Topological perception theory proposes that the initial perception of objects begins with the extraction of topological property (TP). However, the mechanism of rapid TP processing remains unclear. The researchers investigated the subcortical mechanism of TP processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). They find that a subcortical magnocellular pathway is responsible for the early processing of TP, and this subcortical processing of TP accelerates object recognition. Based on their findings, we propose a novel training approach called subcortical magnocellular pathway training (SMPT), aimed at improving the efficiency of the subcortical M pathway to restore visual and attentional functions in disorders associated with subcortical pathway dysfunction.

ObjectiveJunctophilin-2 (JPH2) is an essential structural protein that maintains junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) in cardiomyocytes by tethering the plasma membrane to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby facilitating excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Mutations in JPH2 have been associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the molecular mechanisms governing its membrane-binding properties and the functional relevance of its membrane occupation and recognition nexus (MORN) repeat motifs remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate the structural basis of JPH2 membrane association and its implications for HCM pathogenesis. MethodsA recombinant N-terminal fragment of mouse JPH2 (residues1-440), encompassing the MORN repeats and an adjacent helical region, was purified under near-physiological buffer conditions.X-ray crystallography was employed to determine the structure of the JPH2 MORN-Helix domain. Sequence conservation analysis across species and junctophilin isoforms was performed to assess the evolutionary conservation of key structural features. Functional membrane-binding assays were conducted using liposome co-sedimentation and cell-based localization studies in COS7 and HeLa cells. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis targeting positively charged residues and known HCM-associated mutations, including R347C, was used to evaluate their effects on membrane interaction and subcellular localization. ResultsThe crystal structure of the mouse JPH2 MORN-Helix domain was resolved at 2.6 Å, revealing a compact, elongated architecture consisting of multiple tandem MORN motifs arranged in a curved configuration, forming a continuous hydrophobic core stabilized by alternating aromatic residues. A C-terminal α-helix further reinforced structural integrity. Conservation analysis identified the inner groove of the MORN array as a highly conserved surface, suggesting its role as a protein-binding interface. A flexible linker segment enriched in positively charged residues, located adjacent to the MORN motifs, was found to mediate direct electrostatic interactions with negatively charged phospholipid membranes. Functional assays demonstrated that mutation of these basic residues impaired membrane association, while the HCM-linked R347C mutation completely abolished membrane localization in cellular assays, despite preserving the overall MORN-Helix fold in structural modeling. ConclusionThis study provides structural insight into the membrane-binding mechanism of the cardiomyocyte-specific protein JPH2, highlighting the dual roles of its MORN-Helix domain in membrane anchoring and protein interactions. The findings clarify the structural basis for membrane targeting via a positively charged linker and demonstrate that disruption of this interaction—such as that caused by the R347C mutation—likely contributes to HCM pathogenesis. These results not only enhance current understanding of JPH2 function in cardiac E-C coupling but also offer a structural framework for future investigations into the assembly and regulation of JMCs in both physiological and disease contexts.