In this study, RAW264.7 cells were employed to investigate the effects of honey-processed Astragalus on their energy metabolism and polarization, and explore the scientific connotation of the enhanced efficacy of honey-processed Astragalus on invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi. The medicated sera were prepared by intragastric administration of rats with water extracts of crude and honey-processed Astragalus, and the composition changes of medicated sera of crude and honey-processed Astragalus were analyzed by using LC-MS technology. The cell survival rates were detected and the concentrations of medicated sera were screened through CCK-8 assay. The differences of cell phagocytic rates, ATP energy metabolism, and NO secretion between crude and honey-processed Astragalus were evaluated by using neutral red phagocytosis assay, ATP detection kit, and NO detection kit. The effects of crude and honey-processed Astragalus on TNF-α secretion of RAW264.7 cells were detected by employing ELISA kit. The effects of crude and honey-processed Astragalus on polarization of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by utilizing flow cytometry. The differential metabolites related to glycolysis in cell lysates and culture media were screened by using LC-MS technology. The experiment was approved by the experimental animal ethics committee from Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine (No. AWE202407352). The results showed that the contents of betaine, amino acids, and ononin in the prepared medicated sera of rats treated by intragastric administration with water extracts of honey-processed Astragalus increased compared to those in crude one. The results of CCK-8 experiment showed that there were no cytotoxic effects on RAW264.7 cells in the medicated sera of crude and honey-processd Astragalus at different concentration. The phagocytic index and ATP yield both increased to varying degrees after administration of the medicated sera to cells. The secretion of NO in normal and inflammatory cells increased and decreased respectively, and the effect of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. The results of ELISA kit showed that the medicated sera of both crude and honey-processed Astragalus could promote the secretion of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner, and the promoting effect of honey-processed Astragalus was stronger than that of crude one. The results of flow cytometry showed that the medicated sera of both crude and honey-processed Astragalus could promote M1-type polarization and inhibit M2-type polarization of RAW264.7 cells, and the effect of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. Compared to crude Astragalus, the metabolites related to glycolysis in the cell lysates and culture media of the medicated sera of honey-processed Astragalus were generally on the rise, indicating that the effect on promoting glycolysis of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. In summary, honey-processed Astragalus can promote the polarization and energy metabolism of RAW264.7 cells, and participate in positive immune regulation, which is correlated with its enhanced effect of invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi.

Objective: To explore the independent effects and gender differences of different types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA), so as to provide a reference for the precise prevention and control of self-harm in junior high school students. Methods: From May to June 2023, a total of 7 360 junior high school students were selected from 12 schools in three districts/counties of Chongqing using a combination of stratified cluster sampling and convenience sampling methods. Information on NSSI, SA, ACEs, and depressive symptom, as well as other related data were collected through the Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ), suicide related section of the Chinese Adolescent Health related Behavior Questionnaire (Junior High School Version), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form ( CTQ- SF), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Statistical analyses of the data were performed using the Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression. Results: The detection rates of NSSI, SA, NSSI+SA and ACEs in junior high school students were 19.2%, 4.6%, 3.5% and 57.9% respectively. After controlling for factors such as gender, grade, family type, self rated family economic status, self rated academic performance, self rated academic pressure, number of close friends, and depressive symptom scores, results from the multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school students with physical abuse ( OR = 1.98, 95% CI =1.23-3.18), emotional abuse ( OR =2.83, 95% CI =1.92-4.19), sexual abuse ( OR = 1.70, 95% CI =1.07- 2.69 ), physical neglect ( OR =1.67, 95% CI =1.20-2.33) and witnessing domestic violence ( OR =2.10, 95% CI =1.41-2.87) in childhood had higher risks for the occurrence of NSSI+SA (all P <0.05). After stratification by gender, boys with sexual abuse in childhood had a high risk for the occurrence of NSSI+SA ( OR =2.17, 95% CI =1.06-4.43), whereas girls with emotional abuse ( OR =3.69, 95% CI =2.29-5.94), physical neglect ( OR =1.62, 95% CI =1.07-2.45) and witnessing domestic violence ( OR =2.17, 95% CI =1.41-3.34) in childhood had hgih risks for the occurrence of NSSI+SA (all P <0.05). Conclusions Different types of ACEs have different effects on the co-occurrence of self-harm in junior high school students and there are gender differences. When family interventions are conducted for the combined model, emphasis should be placed on aspects of emotional abuse and domestic violence while optimizing the interventions based on gender differences.

Objective: To determine the heterogeneity for caries prevention service preferences among children in Anhui Province, so as to provide reference for the promotion and popularization of caries prevention services for school age children. Methods: Based on a discrete selection experiment, a face to face questionnaire survey was administered using a multi stage sampling method among 785 parents with children 3-12 years of age who were hospitalized in the stomatology clinics of 7 prefectures and cities in Anhui Province from October 2021 to October 2022. A mixed Logit model was used to evaluate caries prevention service preferences for children. Results: Four discrete choice experiment attributes included in the study were statistically significant for choice preference ( P <0.05). Compared with the control group, parents with a high school education or above preferred caries prevention services with 70%-<80% preventive effectiveness, 2-<5 and <2 km from the service point, and a high service cost ( β =0.38, 1.66, 1.64, 0.00); female parents preferred preventive services with 70%-<80% preventive effectiveness and a high service cost ( β =0.35, 0.01 ); parents of children <7 years of age preferred services with 70%-<80% preventive effectiveness ( β =0.75); parents of children with oral health preferred preventive services during winter and summer vacations ( β =-0.28); parents of children with caries preferred preventive services with a high cost per denticle ( β =0.00)( P <0.05). Conclusions Parents with different education levels, gender, child age, and oral health status have heterogeneity in dental caries prevention service preferences. The provision of targeted and precise services can improve the participation and coverage of caries prevention services for school age children.

Dachengqi Decoction is a classic prescription attacked by Yangming excessive syndromes in clinic, which has the effects of relieving heat, softening and dispersing knots, etc., and is often used in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by various diseases. This article reviewed the recent studies on the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Dachengqi Decoction in recent years. On this basis, combined with the "five principles" of TCM quality markers, the quality markers of Dachengqi Decoction were predicted and analyzed. It is suggested that emodin, Rhein, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, synephrine, hesperidin, naringin, magnolol and magnolol can be used as quality markers of Dachengqi Decoction.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor de-escalation and nicorandil therapy in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 300 elderly patients with ACS were selected from the Sixth and Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Chaoyang Integrative Medicine Emergency Rescue and First Aid Hospital from November 2016 to June 2019,including 153 males and 147 females,aged>65 years old.All the patients received PCI,and all had double antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)scores≥2 and a new DAPT(PRECISE-DAPT)score of≥25.All patients were divided into two groups by random number table method before operation:ticagrelor group(n=146,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,and ticagrelor 90 mg bid after surgery)and ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group(n=154,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,ticagrelor 90 mg bid+nicorandil 5 mg tid after surgery,changed to ticagrelor 60 mg bid+ nicorandil 5 mg tid 6 months later).Follow-up was 12 months.The composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke,the composite end points of mild hemorrhage,minor hemorrhage,other major hemorrhage and major fatal/life-threatening hemorrhage as defined by the PLATO study,and the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding within 12 months in the two groups were observed.Results The comparison of general baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke between the two groups(P>0.05).The cumulative incidence of bleeding events in ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group was significantly lower than that in ticagrelor group(P<0.05),while the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding were also significantly lower than those in tecagrelor group(P<0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients with ACS,the treatment of ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil after PCI may not increase the incidence of ischemic events such as cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction or stroke,and it may reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic events.

Objective To analyze the correlation between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)as well as its subtypes and gallbladder stone.Methods Collected the clinical data of 556 patients who were treated in Department of Gastroenterology of the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to March 2023.The patients were divided into IBS group(n=161)and non-IBS group(n=395).The subjects were investigated by questionnaire,physical examination and blood examination,and the data of gender,age,height,weight,blood pressure and blood biochemical indexes were obtained and compared between two groups.The relation between gallbladder stone and IBS were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.Results There were 90 cases of gallbladder stone in the total population,accounting for 16.2%,including 37 cases of gallbladder stone in IBS group(23.0%)and 53 cases in non-IBS group(13.4%).The prevalence rate of gallbladder stone in IBS group was significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).There were 6 cases of gallbladder muddy stones(3.7%)in IBS group and 3 cases(0.8%)in non-IBS group.And the prevalence rate of gallbladder muddy stones in IBS group was also significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,BMI,total bile acids(TBA),total cholesterol(TC)and combined IBS were independently related to the occurrence of gallbladder stone(P<0.05).In the 161 IBS patients,there were 114 cases of diarrhea-predominant IBS(IBS-D group),including 26 cases(22.8%)of gallbladder stone in IBS-diarrhea(IBS-D,n=114)group and 47 cases of constipation-predominant IBS(IBS-C group),including 11 cases(23.4%)of gallbladder stone.And there were 53 cases(13.4%)of gallbladder stone in the non-IBS group(n=395).Further analysis showed that the prevalence rate of gallbladder stone in IBS-D group was significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in gallbladder stone prevalence rate between IBS-C group and non-IBS group(P>0.05).Conclusions There is a correlation between IBS and gallbladder stones.In addition,among the two subtypes of IBS,IBS-D patients may have an increased risk of gallbladder stone compared with non-IBS patients.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells are susceptible to senescence during in vitro expansion,which greatly hinders their application in vivo and in vitro.How to improve the replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells is an urgent problem to be solved in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor combined with basic fibroblast growth factor can improve the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by replicative passage. METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted by whole bone marrow adhesion method.Passage 2 cells were selected as normal control group.Passage 7 and later algebraic cells were selected as aging model group.Vascular endothelial growth factor(50 μg/L),basic fibroblast growth factor(10 μg/L),and their combination were administered.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.Cell senescence was observed by β-galactosidase activity staining.Cytoskeleton size and colony formation ability were observed by phalloidine staining and Giemsa staining,respectively,and the levels of senescence-related genes P16,P21,and P53 were detected by qRT-PCR.Gene expression levels of P16,P21,and P53 were tested by qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Vascular endothelial growth factor combined with basic fibroblast growth factor could promote the proliferation of aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,which began to enter the plateau stage on day 9,and the absorbance value of the combined intervention group was significantly higher than that of the model group on day 9(P<0.05).(2)The phenotypic markers of the cells in the combined intervention group did not change,and the cell morphology changed from broad to slender.(3)Compared with the model group,the positive rate of β-galactosidase was significantly decreased(P<0.01);the number of nuclei increased(P<0.001);the total area of cytoskeleton increased(P<0.01);colony formation ability was enhanced(P<0.05);expression level of P16 was decreased(P<0.01)in the combined intervention group.These results indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor combined with basic fibroblast growth factor can improve the senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by replicative passage without changing the cell phenotype.

The detection principle of microfluidic microfluidic technology was introduced.The current research status of microfluidic platform-based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection technologies were reviewed such as reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),digital PCR,isothermal amplification and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein.The deficiencies of microfluidic platform-based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection were analyzed.It's pointed out microfluidic platform-based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection had to be optimized and validated clinically in specialty,sensitivity,detection limit,reproducibility,informatization,quality control and reagent cost.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):101-107]

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of Suaeda salsa on renal apoprosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) and macrophage polarization in diabetes kidney disease (DKD) model rats.Methods:A DKD rat model was established using a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into model group, metformin group, and Suaeda salsa high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups using a random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. The normal group was set with 8 rats in this group. The metformin group was given 85.71 mg/kg of metformin solution by gavage, while the Suaeda salsa high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups were given 3.08, 1.54, and 0.77 g/kg of Suaeda salsa suspension by gavage (raw dosage). The normal group and model group were given equal volumes of saline by gavage, once a day, administered by gavage for 12 weeks of intervention. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance (OGTT) were measured, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated; the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP) were detected; urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and 24-hour urine protein (24 hUP) were detected; HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the kidneys; Masson and PAS staining were used to observe renal tissue fibrosis; Western blot method was used for detecting AIM, CD206, CD86, TNF-α and IL-10 protein levels in renal tissue; Immunofluorescence was used to detect the average optical density values of AIM, CD206, and CD86 proteins in renal tissue.Results:Compared with the model group, the FBG, OGTT AUC, HbA1c, GSP of each dosage group of Suaeda salsa decreased ( P<0.01); the expression levels of AIM, CD206, and IL-10 proteins in renal tissue increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the expression levels of CD86 and TNF-α protein significantly decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05); HE, Masson, and PAS staining results showed that compared with the model group, the changes in renal microvasculature and renal fibrosis of rats in each dosage group of Suaeda salsa were improved. Conclusion:Suaeda salsa may regulate AIM, promote polarization of M2 macrophages, improve the inflammatory microenvironment of macrophages, thereby lowering blood lipids of DKD rats, and improving renal pathological damage.

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription on mitophagy in hippocampus of diabetic depression rats.Methods:Totally 32 SD rats were divided into control group, model group, metformin group and Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription group according to random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. The model of diabetic depression rats with depression was established by streptozotocin (STZ), high-fat diet and chronic unpredictable mild stress except control group. Metformin group was given metformin 100 mg/kg, Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription group was given Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription suspension 5.7 g/kg, control group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage, once a day for 12 weeks. After administration, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG) and sucrose preference rate were measured after treatment; the expressions of PINK-1, Parkin, P62, Beclin-1 and LC3 2/1 were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the expressions of FPG and PG2h in Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription group decreased ( P<0.01), and the sucrose preference rate increased ( P<0.01); the expressions of PINK-1, Parkin, P62, Beclin-1 and LC3 2/1 in hippocampus decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Diabetic rats are accompanied by varying degrees of pleasure loss and depressive state. Sanghuang Tongxie Prescription can improve the depressive state of rats. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the level of mitochondrial autophagy in the hippocampus and improving mitochondrial function.