PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of spiritual well-being, self-esteem, and perceived social support on post-traumatic growth in breast cancer survivors in Korea. METHODS: Data were collected from March 2 to October 31, 2016 using self-reporting questionnaires from 126 breast cancer survivors who had visited out-patient clinics for follow-up in B city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Post-traumatic growth was significantly correlated with spiritual well-being (r=.52, p < .001), self-esteem (r=.54, p < .001), and perceived social support (r=.47, p < .001). In a stepwise multiple regression, spiritual well-being (β=.26, p < .001), self-esteem (β=.23, p < .001), perceived social support (β=.21, p < .001), and presence of spouse (β=.20, p < .001) were associated with posttraumatic growth. These factors attributed to 37.0% of the total variance in post-traumatic growth in breast cancer survivors. CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and implement effective nursing strategies that can improve spiritual well-being, and to develop a holistic nursing intervention that takes into account self-esteem, perceived social support, and spousal help, when applicable, in order to promote post-traumatic growth in breast cancer survivors in Korea.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Self Concept ; Spirituality ; Spouses ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors*

PURPOSE: This study was to present education and holistic care of Elizabeth J. Shepping (1880~1934), a nursing missionary and a founder of the Chosun Nursing Association who visited Korea during the Japanese colonial period. METHODS: Primary and secondary sources were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: This study provides important implications regarding Shepping's holistic nursing as follows: First, she came to Korea after studying nursing and bibliology and being trained for nursing missionary works. Second, she cared for many Koreans, especially Korean women, to protect them from poverty, oppression, ignorance, and illnesses. Third, she continued to spread holistic care in hospitals and other local communities. She trained nurses, developed nursing education, and produced a large number of domestic nursing leaders by establishing women's Bible school. Fourth, she founded the Chosun Nursing Association, serving as its first president for 10 years and applied to join the International Council of Nurses (ICN). CONCLUSION: Finally, suggestions were provided for future research, and it will be necessary to study thoroughly nursing achievements by nurses from other countries who practiced their nursing activities in Korea, and such studies are expected to lead to analysis of nursing missionaries' experiences.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bible ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Female ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; International Council of Nurses ; Korea ; Missions and Missionaries* ; Nursing* ; Poverty

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore the essence and meaning of the experience of 'aging,' as a process of 40's and 50's women in Korea by applying the Parse's Human Becoming theory (2002). METHODS: Data was collected from February to April, 2013, using the phenomenological research method. Data was collected through in-depth informal interview and analyzed following Colaizzi method. After IRB permission and informed consent from the participants, all interviews were recorded with MP3 recorder and transcribed for analysis. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed 112 of meanings, 33 key subject words, 8 subject phrases, and 4 categories. The main themes were elaborated as 'going down' ('Being changed of body and mind', 'Being considered on my identity'), 'going up' ('Being expanded of productive role', 'Being transcendent multi-dimensionally'), 'pausing' ('Becoming more thoughtful about family', 'Looking back'), 'going forward again' ('Age is just a number, 'Contemplating of life and death'). Experiences in aging among women in 40's and 50's enlightened with Parse's theory of Human Becoming in terms of 'going down', 'going up', 'pausing', 'going forward again' appeared simultaneously, rather than consecutively. CONCLUSION: Women in 40's and 50's require holistic nursing intervention with physical, psychological, socio-economical, and spiritual aspects, rather than focusing on problematic physical symptom relief and prevention of further conditions. It is recommended to develop various nursing intervention considering on different environment, type of experience, and level of human becoming, individually.
Aging* ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Korea ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe healing effects of the forest on alcoholics through a forest experience program. METHODS: The qualitative data was gathered from one focus group discussion with 6 alcoholics and individual interviews with 8 alcoholics. They had all participated in a "healing forest" program. All interviews were recorded and transcribed according to thematic content analysis processes. RESULTS: The four main themes on the attributes of forest were "a lively living being", "placidity and tranquility", "acceptive atmosphere", and "beautifulness as it is" which revealed the participants' perceived nature of the forest which was attributed to the healing effects. Eight other themes on participants' positive changes included "revived senses", "aspired to live", "relieved and relaxed from being tense", "gaining insight on self", "having an acceptive attitude", "becoming compliant with his/her life", "learning that life is being together" and "recognizing the value of one's existence". CONCLUSION: The findings of the study illustrated the participants' self-healing processes through interactions with the nature of the forest. Nursing interventions utilizing healing atmospheres such as "healing forest" programs can be considered helpful in providing a venue to alcoholics to reflect on their lives affirmatively.
Adult ; Alcoholism/*psychology ; Attitude to Health ; Focus Groups ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; *Psychiatric Nursing ; Tape Recording

PURPOSE: To date most research related to patients with breast cancer has discriminately investigated the status within or after the treatment although the patients demand holistic nursing care from the time of diagnosis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the trajectory of breast cancer diagnosis and patients' experiences in the pre-treatment period. METHOD: This qualitative study used qualitative thematic analysis. Nineteen Korean women who were diagnosed with breast cancer within the last 6 month participated in the study. Individualized interviews were conducted with each participant in a cancer center in K city. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the thematic analysis process. RESULTS: The overriding theme was "the scattered life in an unforeseen swirl", which illustrates the participants' unexpected crisis with confusion and emotional distress. Two subthemes included "falling into an unavoidable journey", and "staggering in a muddle with urgency". The categories were "unexpected probability", "nagging nodularity", "ominous presentiment", "emotional upheaval", "bad thought intrusion", and "a sense of urgency". CONCLUSION: Patients in the pre-treatment period encountered utter emotional distress and a sense of urgency after being diagnosed breast cancer. Strategies to develop nursing care for patients in this period and nursing implications are discussed.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Qualitative Research

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to explain the effects of aromatherapy massage on the preoperative anxiety of hemorrhoidectomy patients, and to provide the effective and holistic nursing care to them. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The data were collected during the period from November 1 to November 30, 2003 at K-Hospital in Seoul. The subjects were fifty patients who were to have a hemorrhoidectomy under general anesthesia. They were assigned to two groups, 25 subjects to the experimental group and 25 subjects to the control group. The State Anxiety Inventory tool was used to measure state-anxiety on all patients the day before surgery. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured on the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received aromatherapy massage on the hand with lavender oil. Data were analyzed by x2 test, independent t-test, paired t-test. RESULTS: 1. Hypothesis 1, that the level of preoperative state-anxiety of the experimental group who received aromatherapy massage would be lower than that of the control group who did not received aromatherapy was supported(p=.047). 2. Hypothesis 2was that the Physiological index of the preoperative anxiety of the experimental group who received aromatherapy would be lower than that of the control group who did not received aromatherapy. The 1st subhypothesis that "the level of the preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the experimental group would be less than that of the control group" was not supported. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy massage can be regarded as a partially effective nursing intervention that relives the preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and stabilizes vital signs.
Anesthesia, General ; Anxiety* ; Aromatherapy* ; Blood Pressure ; Hand* ; Heart Rate ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Lavandula ; Massage* ; Nursing ; Preoperative Period ; Research Design ; Seoul ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to explain the effects of aromatherapy massage on the preoperative anxiety of hemorrhoidectomy patients, and to provide the effective and holistic nursing care to them. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The data were collected during the period from November 1 to November 30, 2003 at K-Hospital in Seoul. The subjects were fifty patients who were to have a hemorrhoidectomy under general anesthesia. They were assigned to two groups, 25 subjects to the experimental group and 25 subjects to the control group. The State Anxiety Inventory tool was used to measure state-anxiety on all patients the day before surgery. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured on the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received aromatherapy massage on the hand with lavender oil. Data were analyzed by x2 test, independent t-test, paired t-test. RESULTS: 1. Hypothesis 1, that the level of preoperative state-anxiety of the experimental group who received aromatherapy massage would be lower than that of the control group who did not received aromatherapy was supported(p=.047). 2. Hypothesis 2was that the Physiological index of the preoperative anxiety of the experimental group who received aromatherapy would be lower than that of the control group who did not received aromatherapy. The 1st subhypothesis that "the level of the preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the experimental group would be less than that of the control group" was not supported. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy massage can be regarded as a partially effective nursing intervention that relives the preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and stabilizes vital signs.
Anesthesia, General ; Anxiety* ; Aromatherapy* ; Blood Pressure ; Hand* ; Heart Rate ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Lavandula ; Massage* ; Nursing ; Preoperative Period ; Research Design ; Seoul ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: This research was to determine the characteristics of dysmenorrhea among girls, identify the factors affecting dysmenorrhea. METHOD: The study subjects were 1653 high school student in Busan Metropolitan city. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire between November 1 and November 30, 2002. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA with Scheffe' test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis in SPSS program were used for data analysis. RESULT: Students suffering from slight dysmenorrhea made up the majority 52.9%, whereas those with serious cases represented 29.8%. Regarding the measures taken to cope with dysmenorrhea, most of the respondents took analgesics 52.8%. A high points of dysmenorrhea was associated with irregular meal habits(p<0.01), unbalanced diet(p<0.05), stress(p<0.01), and health awareness(p<0.01), first menstruation before they reached 13 (p<0.01), heavy bleeding(p<0.01), family history(p<0.01). Factors affecting the dysmennorrhea of the respondents included the extent of bleeding, family history, health awareness, age during the first menstruation, and degree of stress, accounting for 13.1% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: To manage dysmenorrhea among girls, the results of the research indicate that students need to have proper awareness of health and manage stress through health education. Likewise, they need to be given positive follow-up management through a holistic nursing approach.
Adolescent* ; Analgesics ; Busan ; Data Collection ; Dysmenorrhea* ; Female ; Health Education ; Hemorrhage ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Meals ; Menstruation ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of inhalation method using essential oils on the preoperative anxiety of hystrectomy patients, and to provide effective and holistic nursing care to them. The research design was a nonequivalent control group non synchronized design. The data were collected from February 1 to March 31, 2002 at D Medical Center in Busan. The subjects were forty one patients that were operated on under general anesthesia for hystrectomy. They were assigned to two groups, twenty one subjects in the experimental group and twenty subjects in the control group. The tool of the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to anxiety on all patients the day before surgery and the preoperative period Then systolic and diastolic blood pressure. pulse rate levels were measured the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received two treatments of inralation method using essential oils of with lavender, ylang ylang, and bergamot oil. The data were analyzed by be chi test and the independent t-test The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1: It has been supported that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential ons might cause lower level of the preoperative VAS anxiety than that of the control group(t = -2. 93. p = .006) 2. Hypothesis 2: It has been rejected that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential oils might cause lower level in the preoperative systolic blood pressure than the control group(t=-.120, p= .905). It has been rejected that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential oils might cause lower level in the preoperative diastolic blood pressure than the control grouP.(t=1.766, p=.085). 3. Hypothesis 3. It has been supported that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential oils might cause lower level in preoperative pulse rate than the control group(t=5.853, p=.000) According to these results. inhalation method using essential oils can be considered an effective nursing intervention that relieves the preoperative anxiety of hysterectomy patients and stabilizes vital sign partially.
Anesthesia, General ; Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Cananga ; Heart Rate ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Inhalation* ; Lavandula ; Nursing ; Oils, Volatile* ; Preoperative Period ; Research Design ; Vital Signs

The reference study was performed to investigate the nursing importance which was based a theoretical background related to horticultural therapy and to examine the possibility which horticultural therapy was applicable as a nursing intervention through analysis on a preceding study. The research subjects related to the areas of horticultural therapy which related as a nursing intervention, were psychological, physical, environmental, and psycho-social aspects. It is judged that the horticultural therapy is effective in treating depression, emotional disruption or anxiety. It seems to be also effective in increasing the muscular tension and, thereby, expanding the scope of joint movements. Such theories show that horticultural therapy may be a good alternative nursing means. Plants act to create a pleasant interior atmosphere by generating anion, controlling the temperature and humidity and purifying the air, and therefore, the horticultural therapy may be applied to clinic or environmental therapy. When horticultural therapy is used as a nursing intervention, patients' socio-psychological needs may be fulfilled. It has been found that horticultural therapy is instrumental in treating perceptive or emotional disruption, depression, loss of self-respect, disrupted everyday activities and social behaviors. In particular, horticultural therapy seems to be effective in managing chronic patients' crisis or improving life quality. Intervention method applied on a preceding study was activity therapy and scene therapy in the horticultural therapy The above findings suggest that the pro-environmental horticultural therapy is useful as a new paradigm of nursing or holistic nursing conducive to improvement of health. So, it is desirable to prove its effects by applying it in the clinic. In order to apply horticultural therapy as a nursing intervention, it will be necessary to educate nurses on principles and methods of horticultural therapy and encourage them to apply it in nursing and clinics. Moreover, it may well be necessary to develop landscape therapy as nursing intervention as well as a variety of horticultural therapy programs befitting the clinic conditions. On the other hand, we need to provide for some scientific ground for horticultural therapy through continued studies. In this regard, this study which focuses on patients' health improvement through change of environment. may well provide for a framework for such studies.
Anxiety ; Atmosphere ; Depression ; Hand ; Holistic Nursing ; Horticultural Therapy* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Joints ; Muscle Tonus ; Nursing* ; Quality of Life ; Research Subjects ; Social Behavior