Humans ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; Heart ; Publishing/history* ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Humans ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/history* ; Biomedical Research/history* ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Publishing/history*

Humans ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; Heart ; Publishing/history* ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Humans ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/history* ; Biomedical Research/history* ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Publishing/history*

Biochemistry/history* ; China ; Exercise/physiology* ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Sports Medicine/history*

OBJECTIVES: After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster in 2011, residents of Kawauchi village who experienced evacuation had a high risk of suffering from diabetes and metabolic syndrome compared with non-evacuees. In addition to evacuation, lifestyle characteristics can be important factors influencing the development and prognosis of diabetes or glucose tolerance. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of evacuation (i.e., lifestyle changes) on the incidence of diabetes among the non-diabetic residents of Kawauchi village. METHODS: Design is retrospective cohort study. Annual health examination data of residents of Kawauchi village and control area (Ono town) in Fukushima prefecture from 2008 to 2017, as available from the Japanese National Health Insurance system. Participants were classified into three groups: "Diabetes (DM)" (FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or hospital visit for DM or usage of diabetic medication), "Borderline DM" (126 mg/dL > FBG ≥ 110 mg/dL or 6.5% > HbA1c ≥ 6.0%, and without hospital visit, and without diabetic medication), and "Normoglycemic" (FBG < 110 mg/dL and HbA1c < 6.0%, and without hospital visit, and without diabetic medication). New onset of diabetes was evaluated and the events or missing data were occurred at health checkup. For this survival analysis, 339 residents in Kawauchi and 598 residents in Ono were included. Average follow-up periods after 2010 were 3.9 years in Kawauchi village and 3.6 years in Ono town. RESULTS: Compared with the normoglycemic group, incidence of DM was much greater in the borderline DM group, where DM occurred among 38.2% of the group in 2012 and increased to over 60% cumulatively through 2017 in Kawauchi village. DM had a prevalence of 16.3% in 2012, and below 30% in 2017 in borderline DM group of Ono town. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was applied to non-DM groups at both study sites separately to evaluate the effects of lifestyle changes at each site. While BMI, BMI change, and the lack of regular exercise (HR = 1.29, 1.72, and 5.04, respectively) showed significant associations with the onset of diabetes in Ono town, only BMI and late-night dinner (HR = 1.21 and 4.86, respectively) showed significant associations with diabetes onset in Kawauchi village. CONCLUSIONS The current results confirmed that diabetes incidence was increased 6 years after the Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster in Kawauchi. We also found changes in lifestyle habits, suggesting that diabetes prevention with promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors is an urgent priority.
Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Fukushima Nuclear Accident ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan ; epidemiology ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Based on archival materials, the Xiangya's anti-epidemic history in a century from its establishment to 2020 is divided into 4 stages. The first stage (1906-1926), Edward Hicks Hume and YAN Fuqing, the founders of Xiangya, prevented and controlled smallpox and plague. The second stage (1929-1953), during the resumption of Xiangya, students prevented and controlled cholera, plague, dysentery, typhus, and other infectious diseases. In the third stage (1953-1999), in a peacetime, Xiangya actively fought against schistosomiasis, hydatidosis, malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis and other epidemics. The fourth stage (2000-2020), the era of Central South University. Medical staff in Xiangya fight SARS, influenza A (HN) flu, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, coronavirus disease 2019, etc. Over the past hundred years, Xiangya people joined together to spread benevolence and love, apply medical knowledge and skills, combat the epidemic and rescue people in difficulties, which made a great contribution to the motherland and the people.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Communicable Disease Control ; history ; Communicable Diseases ; history ; Coronavirus Infections ; Epidemics ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral

BACKGROUND: Before iodination of Swedish table salt in 1936, iodine deficiency resulting in goitre and hypothyroidism was common. Sweden has become iodine sufficient, as shown in a national survey in 2007, proving its iodination fortification programme effective for the general population. The objective of this study was to collect drinking water from water treatment plants nationally and test if water iodine concentration (WIC) correlated to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of school-aged children in a national survey 2007 to former goitre frequency in 1929 and to thyroid volume data in 2007. METHODS: In 2012, 166 treatment plants, located in 57% (166 of 290) of all Swedish municipalities, were asked to collect drinking water samples of approximately 10 ml. In 2007, tap water samples of the same volume were collected from 30 randomly selected schools for the national survey. Analysis of WIC was done in both treatment plants in 2012 (n = 166) and tap water in 2007 (n = 30). The correlation of WIC to the children's UIC and thyroid volume after iodination was tested based on data from the national survey in 2007. The association of WIC to former goitre frequency was tested based on pre-iodination data, derived from a map of goitre frequency drawn in 1929. RESULTS: The median WIC from water treatment plants was 4.0 μg/L (range 0-27 μg/L). WIC was similar in coastal and inland areas, for both ground and surface water. WIC correlated with historical goitre areas and was lower in the goitre areas than in non-goitre areas (p < 0.001). WIC in the same municipalities as the schools correlated with the UIC of children (p < 0.01), but not with their thyroid volume. CONCLUSIONS WIC still contributes to iodine nutrition in Sweden, but iodination overrides the goitre effect.
Adolescent ; Child ; Drinking Water ; chemistry ; Female ; Food, Fortified ; analysis ; Goiter ; epidemiology ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Iodine ; analysis ; urine ; Male ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; analysis ; Sweden ; epidemiology ; Thyroid Gland ; anatomy & histology

Based on the four major classic studies of perioperative treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), the North American Intergroup-0116 trial, the European MRC MAGIC trial, the Japan ACTS-GC trial and Korea-China CLASSIC trial, the perioperative therapy of LAGC was divided into three major patterns in the world, namely, postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the North America, perioperative chemotherapy in the Europe and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in the East Asia. In recent years, scholars around the world have done many researches on the perioperative treatment of gastric cancer. For instance the German FLOT4-AIO trial pushed the perioperative chemotherapy of gastric cancer to a high point, so the NCCN guide changed perioperative chemotherapy to the preferred recommendation, and rewrote the perioperative chemotherapy regimen. The ARTIST trial in Korea showed that the addition of radiotherapy to the adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 radical resection of gastric cancer could not improve the overall survival rate, and further defined adjuvant chemotherapy as the standard treatment in D2 resection of gastric cancer. Asian scholars are actively exploring the application of perioperative chemotherapy in LAGC. For Bulky N cases, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been recommended as the standard treatment in the Japanese guidelines. The JOCG1509,the RESOLVE and other studies will provide more effective evidence-based recommendations for the best perioperative therapy options of LAGC in Asian countries. At present, it is not clear whether perioperative chemotherapy or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is better. In this article, the development course of the three patterns of perioperative therapy of gastric cancer, the research progress in the perioperative period of gastric cancer in recent years, and the changes of guidelines are reviewed in order to provide reference for clinical practice.
Combined Modality Therapy ; history ; methods ; Gastrectomy ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Perioperative Care ; history ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; history ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy

Mr. was a famous acupuncturist in China. He succeeded the acupuncture from his family in childhood, and practiced acupuncture strictly with insightful and original perspective. The , one of his magnum opus, proposed innovative ideas in the theory and clinical practice of moxibustion, such as revival of moxibustion, three phases of moxibustion sensation, moxibustion for heat syndromes. In this article, the contribution of to moxibustion was discussed from background of compiling this book, poem and medical cases, explanation on moxibustion theory and practice and its effects on later ages.
Acupuncture ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history