The patient was an 80-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking ipragliflozin. She underwent a colonoscopy one week prior to admission. After the colonoscopy, she felt exhausted and lost her appetite. On the day of admission, she was admitted to the emergency department because of abdominal pain and repeated vomiting. Physical examination and chest and abdominal CT were performed; however, no cause was identified for the abdominal pain or vomiting. Blood gas analysis showed high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Serum ketones were elevated to 6,045/μL and plasma glucose concentration was 182 mg/dL. We diagnosed ipragliflozin-induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) and discontinued the drug. Ketoacidosis improved with administration of intravenous fluids and insulin injections. Her abdominal pain and vomiting improved. It is important to recognise that patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors may develop euDKA, as in this case, due to fasting after colonoscopy or reduced food intake after the procedure, and to discontinue SGLT2 inhibitors at least 2 days before the procedure.

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.

Objective: Complete resection is the curative treatment choice for recurrent gynecological malignancies. Laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) is an effective surgical salvage therapy for lateral recurrence. However, when a recurrent tumor occupies the ischial spine and sacrum, LEER is not indicated, and surgical salvage therapy is abandoned. Theoretically, complete resection of such a tumor is possible by additional pelvic bone resection along with the standard LEER. Nevertheless, owing to the anatomical complexities of the beyondLEER procedure, 2 major issues should be solved: sciatic nerve injury and tumor disruption during pelvic bone amputation. To overcome these technical challenges, we applied a multidirectional beyond-LEER approach, a novel salvage surgical procedure, with an aim of demonstrating its technical feasibility. Methods: We created a simulation model of a laterally recurrent tumor that occupied the right ischial spine and sacrum in a Thiel-embalmed cadaver. Results: Multidirectional approaches, including laparoscopic, perineal, and dorsal phases, were safely applied. We laparoscopically marked the L4-L5-S1 complex and S2 nerve with different colored tapes, and by pulling them out into a dorsal surgical field, the sciatic nerve was safely preserved. The dissection lines of the multidirectional approaches were aligned using tapes as landmarks, and complete tumor clearance without tumor disruption was accomplished. By following the cadaveric training, the first laparoscopic-assisted beyondLEER procedure was successfully performed in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer. Conclusion Using a Thiel-embalmed cadaver, we demonstrated the technical feasibility of a sciatic nerve-preserved beyond-LEER procedure, which was successfully performed in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer.

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.

Objective: Complete resection is the curative treatment choice for recurrent gynecological malignancies. Laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) is an effective surgical salvage therapy for lateral recurrence. However, when a recurrent tumor occupies the ischial spine and sacrum, LEER is not indicated, and surgical salvage therapy is abandoned. Theoretically, complete resection of such a tumor is possible by additional pelvic bone resection along with the standard LEER. Nevertheless, owing to the anatomical complexities of the beyondLEER procedure, 2 major issues should be solved: sciatic nerve injury and tumor disruption during pelvic bone amputation. To overcome these technical challenges, we applied a multidirectional beyond-LEER approach, a novel salvage surgical procedure, with an aim of demonstrating its technical feasibility. Methods: We created a simulation model of a laterally recurrent tumor that occupied the right ischial spine and sacrum in a Thiel-embalmed cadaver. Results: Multidirectional approaches, including laparoscopic, perineal, and dorsal phases, were safely applied. We laparoscopically marked the L4-L5-S1 complex and S2 nerve with different colored tapes, and by pulling them out into a dorsal surgical field, the sciatic nerve was safely preserved. The dissection lines of the multidirectional approaches were aligned using tapes as landmarks, and complete tumor clearance without tumor disruption was accomplished. By following the cadaveric training, the first laparoscopic-assisted beyondLEER procedure was successfully performed in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer. Conclusion Using a Thiel-embalmed cadaver, we demonstrated the technical feasibility of a sciatic nerve-preserved beyond-LEER procedure, which was successfully performed in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer.

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.

Objective: Complete resection is the curative treatment choice for recurrent gynecological malignancies. Laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) is an effective surgical salvage therapy for lateral recurrence. However, when a recurrent tumor occupies the ischial spine and sacrum, LEER is not indicated, and surgical salvage therapy is abandoned. Theoretically, complete resection of such a tumor is possible by additional pelvic bone resection along with the standard LEER. Nevertheless, owing to the anatomical complexities of the beyondLEER procedure, 2 major issues should be solved: sciatic nerve injury and tumor disruption during pelvic bone amputation. To overcome these technical challenges, we applied a multidirectional beyond-LEER approach, a novel salvage surgical procedure, with an aim of demonstrating its technical feasibility. Methods: We created a simulation model of a laterally recurrent tumor that occupied the right ischial spine and sacrum in a Thiel-embalmed cadaver. Results: Multidirectional approaches, including laparoscopic, perineal, and dorsal phases, were safely applied. We laparoscopically marked the L4-L5-S1 complex and S2 nerve with different colored tapes, and by pulling them out into a dorsal surgical field, the sciatic nerve was safely preserved. The dissection lines of the multidirectional approaches were aligned using tapes as landmarks, and complete tumor clearance without tumor disruption was accomplished. By following the cadaveric training, the first laparoscopic-assisted beyondLEER procedure was successfully performed in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer. Conclusion Using a Thiel-embalmed cadaver, we demonstrated the technical feasibility of a sciatic nerve-preserved beyond-LEER procedure, which was successfully performed in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer.

Background/Aims: Mechanical properties (MPs) and axial and radial force (AF and RF) may influence the efficacy and complications of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement. We measured the MPs of various SEMSs and examined their influence on the SEMS clinical ability. Methods: We evaluated the MPs of 29 types of 10-mm SEMSs. RF was measured using a conventional measurement device. AF was measured using the conventional and new methods, and the correlation between the methods was evaluated. Results: A high correlation in AFs was observed, as measured by the new and conventional manual methods. AF and RF scatterplots divided the SEMSs into three subgroups according to structure: hook-and-cross-type (low AF and RF), cross-type (high AF and low RF), and laser-cut-type (intermediate AF and high RF). The hook-and-cross-type had the largest axial force zero border (>20°), followed by the laser-cut and cross types. Conclusions MPs were related to stent structure. Hook-and-cross-type SEMSs had a low AF and high axial force zero border and were considered safest because they caused minimal stress on the biliary wall. However, the increase in RF must be overcome.

Objective: The purposes of this trial were to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (HBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer patients in the phase I/II prospective clinical trial. Methods: Patients with FIGO stage IB2-IVA uterine cervical cancer pretreatment width of which was ≥5 cm measured by magnetic resonance imaging were eligible for this clinical trial. The protocol therapy included 30–30.6 Gy in 15–17 fractions of whole pelvic radiotherapy concurrent with weekly CDDP, followed by 24 Gy in 4 fractions of HBT and pelvic radiotherapy with a central shield up to 50–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions. The primary endpoint of phase II part was 2-year pelvic progression-free survival (PPFS) rate higher than historical control of 64%. Results: Between October 2015 and October 2019, 73 patients were enrolled in the initial registration and 52 patients proceeded to the secondary registration. With the median follow-up period of 37.3 months (range, 13.9–52.9 months), the 2- PPFS was 80.7% (90% confidence interval [CI]=69.7%–88%). Because the lower range of 90% CI of 2-year PPFS was 69.7%, which was higher than the historical control ICBT data of 64%, therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was met. Conclusion The effectiveness of HBT were demonstrated by a prospective clinical study. Because the dose goal determined in the protocol was lower than 85 Gy, there is room in improvement for local control. A higher dose might have been needed for tumors with poor responses.