BACKGROUND: Adult patients with cerebral palsy (CP), who have advanced degenerative arthritis of the hip, have been treated with resection arthroplasty and arthrodesis. Although total hip arthroplasty (THA) has also been used as one of the alternative options, there are few studies on contemporary bearings used in THA. Therefore, we evaluated the results of the contemporary ceramic-on-ceramic THA in adult patients with CP. METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2007, five adult CP patients (5 hips) underwent THA using contemporary ceramic-on-ceramic bearings. All patients were able to stand or ambulate with intermittent use of assistive devices at home. We retrospectively reviewed the series to determine the results of THA in terms of pain relief, improved function, and durability of prosthesis. RESULTS: There were 3 men and 2 women with a mean age of 35.9 years. All patients had pain relief without decline in mobility postoperatively. One hip was dislocated, which was treated successfully with closed reduction and an abduction brace for 2 months. There was no ceramic fracture, loosening, or osteolysis during the mean follow-up of 6.8 years (range, 5.8 to 8.3 years). CONCLUSIONS: Cementless THA using contemporary ceramic-on-ceramic bearings is a useful option for the treatment of advanced degenerative arthritis of the hip in ambulatory adults with CP.
Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/*methods ; Biocompatible Materials ; Ceramics ; Cerebral Palsy/*complications ; Female ; Hip Joint/*surgery ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoarthritis, Hip/etiology/radiography/*surgery ; Prosthesis Design ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Wear cannot be completely prevented after total hip arthroplasty. If severe polyethylene (PE) liner wear develops, the so-called catastrophic failure occurs and metallosis develops. We postulated that longevity of the new implant may be affected after revision surgery for metallosis following a catastrophic failure of a PE liner due to the substantial amount of PE wear particles and infiltration of the metal particles in this catastrophic condition. METHODS: Twenty-three hips of 23 patients were identified because they showed metallosis during revision total hip arthroplasties performed in Seoul National University Hospital between January 1996 and August 2004. They were followed for at least 6.5 years after the index revision total hip arthroplasty. The clinical and radiological results of revision total hip arthroplasties in these patients were evaluated. RESULTS: The median Harris hip score increased from 60 points before revision total hip arthroplasties to 90 points at the final follow-up. Osteolysis was detected at an average of 9.3 years after revision total hip arthroplasties in 13 hips and acetabular cup loosening at average 9.8 years after revision total hip arthroplasties in 9 hips. With radiographic evidence of osteolysis and loosening as the end points, the 15-year survival rates were 28.2% and 56.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate of revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with metallosis following a catastrophic failure of a PE liner was low.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Biocompatible Materials ; Female ; Hip Joint/radiography/surgery ; Hip Prosthesis/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Joint Diseases/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Metals/adverse effects ; Metals, Heavy/*poisoning ; Middle Aged ; Osteolysis/etiology/surgery ; Poisoning/etiology/*surgery ; Polyethylene/adverse effects ; Prosthesis Design ; *Prosthesis Failure/etiology ; Reoperation ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDA quantitative and accurate measurement of the range of hip joint flexion (RHF) is necessarily required in the evaluation of disordered or artificial hip joint function. This study aimed to assess a novel method to measure RHF more accurately and objectively.

METHODSLateral radiographs were taken of 31 supine men with hip joints extended or flexed. Relevant angles were measured directly from the radiographs. The change in the sacrofemoral angle (SFA) (the angle formed between the axis of the femur and the line tangent to the upper endplate of S1) from hip joint extension to hip joint flexion, was proposed as the RHF. The validity of this method was assessed via concomitant measurements of changes in the femur-horizontal angle (between the axis of the femur and the horizontal line) and the sacrum-horizontal angle (SHA) (between the line tangent to the upper endplate of S1 and the horizontal line), the difference of which should equal the change in the SFA.

RESULTSThe mean change in the SFA was 112.5 ± 7.4°, and was independent of participant age, height, weight, or body mass index. The mean changes in the femur-horizontal and SHAs were 123.0 ± 6.4° and 11.4 ± 3.0°, respectively. This confirmed that the change of SFA between hip joint extension and hip joint flexion was equal to the difference between the changes in the femur-horizontal and SHAs.

CONCLUSIONSUsing the SFA, to evaluate RHF could prevent compromised measurements due to the movements of pelvis and lumbar spine during hip flexion, and is, therefore, a more accurate and objective method with reasonable reliability and validity.

Adult ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular ; physiology ; Sacrum ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the operative reduction techniques and clinical results of surgical treatment of type C1 (AO/ASIF) acetabular fracture by posteroproximal-posteroanterior sequential reduction and internal fixation.

METHODSFrom August 2004 to January 2012, 13 patients with type C1 (AO/ASIF) acetabular fracture were treated by posteroproximal-posteroanterior sequential reduction and internal fixation. Of them, 8 cases were male and 5 cases were female with an average age of 42 years years old (ranged, 18 to 64). Pelvis 3-dimentional CT reconstruction were used to confirmed the classification of fracture, and the operation were performed during from 5 to 20 days with an average of 9.5 days. Operation time, blood loss, complications and reduction were recorded and evaluated. The function of hip joint were accessed at the final follow-up.

RESULTSThe operation time ranged from 190 to 290 min with an average of 240 min. The mean blood loss was 1 800 ml (ranged, 1 300 to 3 000 ml). One case had superficial infection and healed after 3 weeks. According to Matta reduction criteria, 8 cases obtained anatomical reduction, 4 cases got satisfied results and 1 cases got unsatisfied results. Eleven cases were followed up with an average of (24.0 +/- 8.0) months, and 2 cases were lost to follow-up. According to revised Mede d'Aubingne and Postel evaluation system, 7 cases got excellent results, 2 good, 1 moderate and 1 poor.

CONCLUSIONPosteroproximal-posteroanterior sequential reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of type C1 (AO/ASIF) acetabular fracture can achieve satisfied surgical proces and operation quality.

Acetabulum ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Hip Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: This study examines the clinical and radiologic results of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties with regard to wear, osteolysis, and fracture of the ceramic after a minimum follow-up of six years. METHODS: We evaluated the results of a consecutive series of 148 primary ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties that had been performed between May 2001 and October 2005 in 142 patients. The mean age was 57.2 years (range, 23 to 81 years). The mean follow-up period was 7.8 years (range, 6.1 to 10.1 years). Preoperative diagnosis was avascular necrosis in 77 hips (52%), degenerative arthritis in 36 hips (24.3%), femur neck fracture in 18 hips (12.2%), rheumatoid arthritis in 15 hips (10.1%), and septic hip sequelae in 2 hips (1.4%). Clinical results were evaluated with the Harris hip score, and the presence of postoperative groin or thigh pain. Radiologic analysis was done with special attention in terms of wear, periprosthetic osteolysis, and ceramic failures. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score improved from 58.3 (range, 10 to 73) to 92.5 (range, 79 to 100) on the latest follow-up evaluation. At final follow-up, groin pain was found in 4 hips (2.7%), and thigh pain was found in 6 hips (4.1%). Radiologically, all femoral stems demonstrated stable fixations without loosening. Radiolucent lines were observed around the stem in 25 hips (16.9%), and around the cup in 4 hips (2.7%). Endosteal new bone formation was observed around the stem in 95 hips (64.2%) and around the cup in 88 hips (59.5%). No osteolysis was observed around the stem and cup. There were 2 hips (1.4%) of inclination changes of acetabular cup, 2 hips (1.4%) of hip dislocation, 1 hip (0.7%) of ceramic head fracture, and 1 hip (0.7%) of squeaking. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate of the prostheses was 98.1% at postoperative 7.8 years. CONCLUSIONS: The ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty produced excellent clinical results and implant survival rates with no detectable osteolysis on a minimum six-year follow-up study. The ceramic-on-ceramic couplings could be a reasonable option of primary total hip arthroplasty for variable indications.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects/instrumentation/*methods ; *Ceramics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Joint/radiography/surgery ; *Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Prosthesis Failure ; Range of Motion, Articular

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a technically demanding procedure for arthroplasty surgeons, and it is often difficult to reduce the hip joint without soft tissue release due to severe flexion contracture. We performed two-stage THAs in irreducible hips with expected lengthening of the affected limb after THA of over 2.5 cm or with flexion contractures of greater than 30 degrees in order to place the acetabular cup in the true acetabulum and to prevent neurologic deficits associated with acute elongation of the limb. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of cementless THA in patients with severe DDH with a special focus on the results of two-stage THA. METHODS: Retrospective clinical and radiological evaluations were done on 17 patients with Crowe type III or IV developmental DDH treated by THA. There were 14 women and 3 men with a mean age of 52.3 years. Follow-ups averaged 52 months. Six cases were treated with two-stage THA followed by surgical hip liberalization and skeletal traction for 2 weeks. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score improved from 40.9 to 89.1, and mean leg length discrepancy (LLD) in 13 unilateral cases was reduced from 2.95 to 0.8 cm. In the patients who underwent two-stage surgery, no nerve palsy was observed, and the single one-stage patient with incomplete peroneal nerve palsy recovered fully 4 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary cementless THA for patients with Crowe type III or IV DDH were encouraging. Two-stage THA followed by skeletal traction after soft tissue release could provide alternative solutions to the minimization of limb shortenings or LLD without neurologic deficits in highly selected patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/*instrumentation/*methods ; Female ; Femur/radiography/surgery ; Hip/radiography/surgery ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital/pathology/radiography/*surgery ; Hip Joint/pathology/radiography/surgery ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Ilium/radiography/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Fixation Devices ; Retrospective Studies ; Traction

BACKGROUNDTreating developmental dysplasia of the hip is often challenging. The difficulties include not only the hip surgery itself but also the treatment of the associated lower-limb valgus deformity. However, there have been very few studies on such deformity in patients with developmental hip dysplasia. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and severity of lower-limb valgus deformity, along with the relationship between the severity of valgus deformity and mechanical alterations of the hip or the ipsilateral knee.

METHODSTwo hundred and six affected lower limbs of 116 adult patients with untreated developmental dysplasia of the hip were included in the study, grouped according to the severity of hip dysplasia. Each study participant's radiographs were measured to quantitatively evaluate the mechanical axis deviation of the lower limb, and further to evaluate the prevalence and severity of the lower-limb valgus deformity. Some mechanical alterations of the hip and the ipsilateral knee were also measured on the radiographs.

RESULTSOf the affected lower limbs, 14.1% had valgus deformities. Study participants with Crowe type III hip dysplasia had the most severe deformity and the highest prevalence of deformity. Severity of valgus deformity had a strong positive correlation with the lateral migration of the femoral head but not with the superior migration. A decreased lateral distal femoral angle contributed to the lower-limb valgus deformity, and the lateral distal femoral angle had a strong negative correlation with the severity of valgus deformity.

CONCLUSIONSHip dysplasia is commonly associated with lower-limb valgus deformity, and the severity of the lower-limb valgus deformity is mostly affected by lateral migration but not superior migration of the femoral head. The valgus deformity may originate mainly in the distal femur, in addition to the hip joint itself. These findings can be taken into account when planning to treat the patients with hip dysplasia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Femur Head ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Hallux Valgus ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Joint Deformities, Acquired ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the treatment of bony ankylosis of hips.

METHODSFrom January 2003 to August 2009, 20 patients (30 hips) with bony ankylosis of hips were treated with THA. There were 12 males and 8 females, with an average age of 36 years old. After operation, the follow-up results were evaluated with clinical and radiographic criteria. The clinical follow-up results were evaluated with Harris score, satisfaction of pain relief, limb length discrepancy, ROM of hip and the strength of hip abductor. The X-ray imaging follow-up results were evaluated with acetabula and periprosthetic osteolysis, prosthesis loosening, radiolucent and heterotopic ossification.

RESULTSThe average following-up was 4 years. The mean preoperative Harris score was (40.75 +/- 6.52) as opposed to postoperative Harris score of (86.40 +/- 5.42). Total pain relief was 65% and partial pain relief was 35% around the affected hips. The recovery of abductors strength was satisfactory in 13 cases, with limp symptoms was relieved obviously, and limb shortening decreased to less than 0.5 cm. The postoperative ROM of hip was significantly improved compared with the preoperative ROM. Radiographic analysis showed that heterotopic ossification in 2 cases, and radiolucent around prosthesis in one case. There were no dislocation and revision cases.

CONCLUSIONThe THA can provide satisfactory clinical results in bony ankylosis of hips, which not only correct the deformity and recover the functions of hip, but also relieve the pain of hip to improve quality of life.

Adult ; Ankylosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Hip Joint ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of one-stage correction for cerebral palsy patients. METHODS: We reviewed clinical outcomes and radiologic indices of 32 dysplastic hips in 23 children with cerebral palsy (13 males, 10 females; mean age, 8.6 years). Ten hips had dislocation, while 22 had subluxation. Preoperative Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scores of the patients were as follows; level V (13 patients), level IV (9), and level III (1). Acetabular deficiency was anterior in 5 hips, superolateral in 7, posterior in 11 and mixed in 9, according to 3 dimensional computed tomography. The combined surgery included open reduction of the femoral head, release of contracted muscles, femoral shortening varus derotation osteotomy and the modified Dega osteotomy. Hip range of motion, GMFCS level, acetabular index, center-edge angle and migration percentage were measured before and after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 28.1 months. RESULTS: Hip abduction (median, 40degrees), sitting comfort and GMFCS level were improved after surgery, and pain was decreased. There were two cases of femoral head avascular necrosis, but no infection, nonunion, resubluxation or redislocation. All radiologic indices showed improvement after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A single event multilevel surgery including soft tissue, pelvic and femoral side correction is effective in treating spastic dislocation of the hip in cerebral palsy.
Adolescent ; Arthroplasty/*methods ; Cerebral Palsy/*complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hip Dislocation/*etiology/*surgery ; Hip Joint/pathology/radiography/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Pain/etiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of impacted femoral neck fractures treated with multiple pinning and determined the influence of the progression of impaction at the fracture site on clinical outcome. METHODS: There were 34 patients with a mean age of 65.5 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years. Progression of fracture site impaction was measured using an articulo-trochanteric distance index and the percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between follow-up intervals. The failure of treatment was clarified as non-union and avascular necrosis. Other characteristics of the patients, including mean waiting time for surgery, preoperative Singh index score, and body mass index, were also measured to evaluate the influence on the clinical outcome of surgery. RESULTS: There were 6 fractures which were not treated successfully (3 non-union, 8.8% and 3 avascular necrosis, 8.8%). The mean percentage decrease of the articulo-trochanteric distance index within the first 6 weeks after surgery was 4.5% in the successful group and 25.1% in the failure group (p < 0.001). There was also a significant mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between 6 weeks and 3 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Primary stabilization with Knowles pins for impacted femoral neck fractures had a reasonable clinical outcome with low morbidity. Despite a significant difference of a mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between the successful group and the failure group, we could not verify it as a risk factor for failure of treatment because the odds ratio was not statistically significant.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures/complications/radiography/*surgery ; Femur Head Necrosis/etiology/radiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Ununited/radiography ; Hip Joint/*pathology/radiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Treatment Outcome