Malignant tumor metastasis is the key factor leading to poor prognosis of patients， and it is a difficult problem to be overcome in the field of tumor therapy. Metabolic reprogramming， as a key link in the regulation of tumor metastasis activity， affects the growth， invasion， and metastasis of tumor cells by changing the metabolic pathways of intracellular substances （such as glucose， amino acids， lipids， and nucleotides）. In particular， metabolic reprogramming plays a key role in the multistage linked steps related to tumor metastasis and can play a crucial role in several key stages of tumor tissue dissociation in situ， hematogenous metastasis， and remote colonization. Malignant tumor cells can selectively adjust their own metabolic state to adapt to the growth conditions of different metastatic microenvironments and colonization sites and then choose the most favorable growth and metabolism strategy. According to the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the metastasis of malignant tumors is generally closely related to the metabolic state of the whole body. One of the advantages of TCM in the treatment of malignant tumors is systemic regulation. With its multi-pathway， multi-target， and multi-component therapeutic characteristics， TCM can effectively control the metastasis of malignant tumors by regulating the degradation of tumor epithelial mesenchymal transformation （EMT） and extracellular matrix （ECM）， anchoring the independent growth of tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. In this paper， the potential regulatory effects of metabolic reprogramming on the metastasis of malignant tumors were discussed， and the latest research progress of the regulation of metabolic reprogramming by TCM on tumor metastasis was reviewed. At the same time， the key targets of TCM and its bioactive components in the process of tumor metastasis intervention were reviewed. This study aims to provide a more valuable basis and clearer idea for the treatment of malignant tumor metastasis by regulating metabolic reprogramming with TCM.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between pulmonary ultrasound on pulmonary consolidation and T lymphocytes,cytokines in predicting the progression of neonatal pneumonia.Methods:A total of 80 pediatric patients with pulmonary consolidation,who admitted to neonatal ward of Beijing Chao-yang Hospital and were confirmed by the first ultrasound examination on lung from February 2021 to February 2023,were divided into study group,and 50 children,who underwent physical examination during the same period,were divided into control group.The cell subsets and cytokines between two groups were compared.The study group was further divided into mitigation group and progression group according to the disease conditions of pediatric patients of study group after they received 3 d treatment.Multifactor logistic regression was adopted to analyze the correlation among the T lymphocytes,cytokines and the progression of disease.Results:The CD3+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+cell subsets of T lymphocytes and cytokines such as IL-17-A,TNF-α and ICAM-1 of study group were significantly higher than those of control group(t=16.483,4.933,4.113,22.933,22.433,19.525,P<0.05),respectively,and the CD4+level was significantly lower than that of control group(t=7.773,P<0.05).The CD3+cell subsets and cytokine levels such as IL-17A,TNF-α and ICAM-1 of progression group were significantly higher than those of mitigation group(t=6.815,4.631,4.307,P<0.05),however the CD4+level was significantly lower than that of mitigation group(t=3.044,P<0.05).The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease of CD3+expression,the increase of IL-17A expression and the increase of the area of pulmonary consolidation were the risk factors of the progress of neonatal pneumonia(β=-0.176,0.777,0.931,P<0.05),respectively.The results of the Pearson-correlation analysis showed that CD3+was negative correlation with the progression of neonatal pneumonia(r=-0.295,P<0.001),however,the IL-17A and the area of pulmonary consolidation showed a positive correlation with the progression of neonatal pneumonia(r=0.677,0.517,P<0.001).Conclusion:The CD3+expression,IL-17A of peripheral blood and the area of pulmonary consolidation are significantly predictive factors of pneumonia progression,and are closely related to the progression of pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of Modified liuwei dihuang decoction on kidney/bone injury of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder（CKD-MBD）model rats. METHODS ：The male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group（n＝10），high phosphorus group （n＝30），model group （n＝30），calcitriol group （positive control ，0.09 μg/kg，n＝30）， Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group （10 g/kg by crude drug ，n＝30）. CKD-MBD model was established by high phosphorus and adenine diet for 6 weeks. After modeling ，normal group and model group were given normal diet/high phosphorus diet and intragastric administration of water. Administration groups were fed with normal diet and given corresponding solution intragastrically（water as solvent ），0.1 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 6 weeks. Blood sample of rats in the normal group were collected ，and they were sacrificed after the last administration. Blood sample of 10 rats in each other group were collected ， and they were sacrificed at 2，4 and 6 weeks after administration. The contents of blood urea nitrogen （BUN），serum creatinine （Scr），calcium，phosphorus，iPTH，FGF-23，RANKL and osteocalcin in serum were detected in each group. The bone mineral density（BMD）of femoral was measured ，the morphological changes of renal tissue and bone tissue were observed ，and the percentage of renal tubular injury and the score of renal interstitial fibrosis were calculated. RESULTS ：Compared with normal group，above indexes in high phosphorus group had no significant change at different time points （P＞0.05）. There was no abnormal change in renal/bone tissue. Compared with high phosphorus group at the same time point ，the contents of BUN ，Scr， phosphorus，iPTH，FGF-23，RANKL and osteocalcin in serum ，the percentage of renal tubular injury and the score of renal interstitial fibrosis in the model group were significantly increased ，while the contents of calcium in serum and the BMD of femoral were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The renal tissue showed diffuse fibrosis. The width of trabecular bone was increased and the number of osteoblasts was decreased. Compared with the model group at the same time point ，the contents of BUN（except for Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group after 2 weeks of administration ），Scr，serum phosphorus ，iPTH， FGF-23，RANKL and osteocalcin ，the percentage of renal tubular injury and the score of renal interstitial fibrosis in Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group and calcitriol group were decreased significantly at each time point ；serum calcium content and BMD（except for 2 weeks of administration ）were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and the pathological changes of renal/bone tissue were significantly improved ；there was no statistical significance in above indexes between Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group and calcitriol group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Modified liuwei dihuang decoction can improve kidney/ bone injury of CKD-MBD model rats ，and improve BMD and regulate disorder of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of different endoscopic treatment strategies for grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids.Methods:Clinical data of 107 internal hemorrhoid patients who received endoscopic sclerotherapy or band ligation in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively studied. Postoperative adverse events, efficacy, and satisfaction were followed up.Results:Among the 107 patients, there were 45 patients (42.06%) with grade Ⅰ, 55 (52.34%) with grade Ⅱ, and 6 (5.60%) with grade Ⅲ. At the same time, 94.39% (101/107) patients underwent other gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment. The postoperative follow-up time ranged from 3 to 25 months, with a median of 5 months. A total of 84 patients underwent routine endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, and 8 had adverse events after the surgery. The overall effective rate was 97.61% (82/84), and satisfaction rate was 95.24% (80/84). Nine underwent endoscopic foam sclerotherapy, and no postoperative adverse events were observed. The overall effective rate and the satisfaction rate were both 100.00% (9/9). Among the 11 patients undergoing endoscopic band ligation, 2 had adverse events after the surgery. The overall effective rate was 81.82% (9/11), and the satisfaction rate was 72.73% (8/11). Three patients underwent sclerotherapy combined with ligation, and 2 had postoperative adverse events. The overall effective rate was 100.00% (3/3), and the satisfaction rate was 66.67% (2/3). Sclerotherapy was generally superior to ligation in operation cost. Further subgroup analysis for grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients showed that for grade Ⅰ patients, sclerotherapy was better than band ligation in the incidence of postoperative pain ( P<0.05), and for grade Ⅱ patients, no statistically significant differences were observed in adverse events, effective rate and satisfaction rate ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and band ligation for internal hemorrhoids are safe and effective, and may not increase the risk of adverse events when simultaneously completed with other gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment.

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of stilbene glucoside （TSG）on the proliferation and estrogen receptor （ER）of human breast cancer T- 47D cells ，and to explore its estrogen-like effect and potential mechanism. METHODS ：Taking ER positive human breast cancer T- 47D cells as subjects ，using β-estradiol（β-E2，1×10－8 mol/L）as positive control ，CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation after treated with different concentrations of TSG （1×10－8，1×10－7，1×10－6，1×10－5，1×10－4 mol/L）for 24，48，72 h；the cell proliferation rate was calculated. Western blotting assay and RT-PCR methods were adopted to detect the protein and mRNA expression of ER-α and ER-β in cells after treated with low，medium and high concentrations of TSG （1×10－8， 1×10－6，1×10－4 mol/L）for 48 h. RESULTS ：After treated with different concentrations of TSG for 24，48，72 h，the cell proliferation rate of each administration group at each time point （except for β-E2 group at 48 h）increased significantly ，compared with blank group ；those of TSG groups （1×10－5，1×10－6，1×10－7 mol/L）were significantly higher than β-E2 group（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After treated with low ，medium and high concentrations of TSG for 48 h，protein and mRNA expression of ER-α and ER-β in cells were increased significantly，compared with blank group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；protein expression of ER-β in TSG low concentration group ，mRNA expression of ER-α in TSG groups as well as mRNA expression of ER-β in TSG low and high concentration groups were significantly higher than β-E2 group（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：TSG can induce the in vitro proliferation of T- 47D cells and exert estrogen-like effects by promoting protein and mRNA expression of ER-α and ER-β， which is stronger than that of β-E2 at a certain concentration.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate estrogen-like effect of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside （TSG） and its effects on the expression of estrogen receptor （ER） in uterus of sexually immature mice. METHODS： Totally 60 sexually immature Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group， positive control group （estradiol valerate， 0.18 mg/kg）， TSG low-dose and high-dose groups （50， 150 mg/kg）， TSG low-dose and high-dose groups+estradiol valerate groups （same dose as medication alone group）. Normal group was given constant volume of water intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine 0.2    mL/10 g， once morning and night， for consecutive 5 d. The uterus index and body weight increase of mice in each group were determined and calculated the next day after the last administration. The contents of serum estrogen （E2， LH， FSH） were determined by ELISA. HE staining was used to observe the morphology characteristics of uterus， and uterine tube diameter and endometrial thickness were detected. The expression of ER（ER-α and ER-β） in uterus was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： The myometrium of the mice in normal group was parallel and compact， the epithelium of the uterus was columnar， and the expression of ER-α and ER-β was low. The uterine tube diameter， endometrium and epithelium of mice in each administration group increased， thickened or proliferated in varying degrees， and the expression of ER-α and ER-β changed. Compared with normal group， uterus indexes （positive control group， TSG high-dose group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups）， the increase of body weight （positive control group， TSG high-dose groups， TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group）， uterine tube diameter and endometrial thickness （positive control group， TSG low-dose group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups）， the expression of ER-α （positive control group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups） and the expression of ER-β （postive control group， TSG high-dose+estradiol valerate group）were increased significantly， while serum contents of LH （positive control group， TSG high-dose group） and FSH （TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The uterus index， uterine tube diameter， endometrial thickness and the expression in ER-α and ER-β of TSG+estradiol valerate groups， the increase of body weight and serum content of E2 in TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group were significantly higher than same TSG dose alone groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The uterus index， uterine tube diameter， endometrial thickness and the expression of ER-α and ER-β in TSG groups， uterine tube diameter and the expression of ER-β in TSG+estradiol valerate groups， body weight increase of mice in TSG low-dose group were significantly lower than positive control group， while serum content of LH in TSG+estradiol valerate groups were significantly higher than positive control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： TSG can increase uterus indexes and body weight of sexually immature mice to certain extent， regulate estrogen level， increase the diameter of uterine tube and endometrial thickness and up-regulate the expression of ER in the uterus， showing certain estrogen-like effect， which is weaker than that of estradiol valerate. Combined use of them may antagonize the effect of estradiol valerate.

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of processed Polygonum multiflorum containing serum on the proliferation and the expression of estrogen receptor （ER） of human breast cancer T-47D cells， and to investigate its phytoestrogen （PE）-like effect. METHODS： Sexually immature SD rats were randomly divided into estradiol valerate （Ev） group （positive control， 0.12 mg/kg）， processed P. multiflorum low-dose and high-dose groups （0.75， 3 g/kg， by crude drug）， low-dose and high-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev groups （same dose as single drug group）， with 10 rats in each group. Blank group was given constant volume of water intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically； once day and night， for consecutive 4 days. Two hours after last administration， blank serum and containing serum were prepared. T-47D cells were also randomly divided into blank group， Ev group， low-dose and high-dose processed P. multiflorum groups， low-dose and high-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev groups， and then were cultured in medium which contained 20％ blank serum or drug containing serum. CCK-8 assay was used to detect proliferation rate （PR）. Western blotting assay and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of ER-α and ER-β. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， PR of administration groups [each administration group （24 h）， other administration groups （48， 72 h） except for high-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group] were increased significantly； high-dose processed P. multiflorum group （72 h） was significantly higher than Ev group， and low-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group （72 h） was significantly higher than the same-dose processed P. multiflorum group； high-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group （72 h） was significantly lower than the same-dose processed P. multiflorum group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Relative protein expression of ER-α in Ev group， high-dose processed P. multiflorum group and low-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group， relative mRNA expression of ER-α and protein expression of ER-β in administration groups， relative mRNA expression of ER-β in Ev group， low-dose processed P. multiflorum group and processed P. multiflorum+Ev groups were all increased significantly. Relative protein and mRNA expression of ER-α in Ev group were significantly higher than processed P. multiflorum groups and combination groups. Relative protein and mRNA expression of ER-β in Ev group were significantly lower than low-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group， but relative mRNA expression of ER-β was significantly higher than processed P. multiflorum groups and high-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group. Relative protein and mRNA expression of ER-α and ER-β in low-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group as well as relative mRNA expression of ER-β in high-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group were significantly higher than the same-dose processed P. multiflorum group. Relative protein and mRNA expression of ER-α in high-dose processed P. multiflorum+Ev group were significantly lower than the same-dose processed P. multiflorum group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： The processed P. multiflorum containing serum can promote the proliferation of human breast cancer T-47D cells， and play the PE-like role through promoting protein and mRNA expression of ER-α and ER-β. However， the above effects are weaker than estrogen， and the combination of the two may antagonize the effect of estrogen.

Objective: To evaluate the success rate during ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and analyze the reasons of puncture failure. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed based on the data of 58 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided PCNL by 4 experienced urologists(10 years' experience of PCNL and more than 80 cases per year)in our center from August 2018 to November 2018. Of all the 58 patients, there were 36 males and 22 females (aged from 22 to 73 years) with the mean age of 51 years. The calculi ranged from 9 mm to 93 mm, with the average of 26.5 mm. The separation of renal collecting system ranged from 5 mm to 30 mm, with the average of 15.1 mm. All of the 58 patients underwent one-stage PCNL and the numbers of punctures, the numbers of percutaneous tubes and the reasons for failure were recorded. Results: All percutaneous tubes and surgeries were established and done successfully. Of all the 118 punctures, 74 punctures succeeded by detecting the urine and 68 surgery tracts were established (6 punctures failed because of the dilation). The total puncture success rate was 62.7%(74/118). Of the total 74 successful punctures, 56.8%(42/74)succeeded at the first puncture, 28.4%(21/74)succeeded at the second puncture and 14.9%(11/74)succeeded at least after three punctures. The success puncture rate of the 4 urologists were 59.2%(29/49), 64.1%(25/39), 66.7%(16/24), 66.7%(4/6)respectively, and there were no statistical differences between the puncture success rates of the urologists (P=0.679). Each channel needed 1.7 punctures on average. Fouty-four punctures failed without detecting the urine, including 20 failed punctures because of the puncture tract deviation, 17 punctures without seeing the urine after the core needle being removed, 7 punctures no display on the ultrasound imagine. There were 33 punctures to be tubeless while other 35 indwelling the nephrostomy tubes. Five nephrostomy tubes' position were different with the preoperationally predicted position which means the discrepancy rate was 14.3%(5/35). One patient had complications and classified as Grade II or above on the modified Clavien Grading System of aerothorax. Conclusions The puncture success rate during ultrasound-guided PCNL is not satisfied. The main reasons of puncture failure are the deviation of puncture tract, unclear imaging of puncture tract and other unclear reasons( puncture needle went too deep or superficially or tip of the needle embedded into the stone).

To investigate the effect of 27nt-miRNA on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into vascular smooth muscle cells. The highly expression plasmids of 27nt-miRNA and anti-27nt-miRNA, and negative control plasmids were constructed, packaged with lentivirus and transfected into human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Collagen IV was added to induce hUCMSCs differentiation into blood vessel smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The expression of SMA, SM22α at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-PCR, immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting. Compared with the negative control group, the viability of the 27nt-miRNA overexpression group was decreased by 20.48% (P<0.05), and the expression of SMA mRNA and SM22α mRNA and protein was significantly increased (P<0.05); the viability of Anti-27nt-miRNA group was increased 18.07% (P<0.05), and the expression of SMA mRNA and SM22α mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). In summary, 27nt-miRNA promotes mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits cells viability.
Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; MicroRNAs ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Objective To explore the monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in a model of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension in Guangxi Bama-Mini pigs by phasecontrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC cine MRI).Methods Femoral artery blood were extracted from 10 pigs,and injected into the frontal and temporal parietal lobe to make a model of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension.The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),intracranial pressure (ICP),and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were monitored.Routine T1WI,T2WI,coronal,sagittal and cerebrospinal fluid flow sequence (fast PC cine slice) which positioned on the cervical 3 (C3) vertebral body as the center and perpendicular to the spinal scans were performed on all experimental animals before and after blood injection with 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging.The ICP,MAP,CPP,the absolute values of CSF peak flow velocity and the absolute value of carotid peak flow velocity before and after blood injection were compared.Results The ICP,MAP,CPP,and the absolute value of CSF peak flow velocity before injection of autologous arterial blood were statistically significant as compared with those after blood injection [(6.80±2.044) mmHg vs (52.20±1.619) mmHg,(76.80±7.068) mmHg vs (142.80±12.399) mmHg,(70.00±6.074) mmHg vs (90.50±12.250) mmHg,and the absolute value of CSF peak flow velocity was (243.20±77.671) mm/s vs (201.40±55.482) mm/s,respectively,P＜0.01].The absolute value of the peak velocity of the carotid artery before blood injection was not statistically significant compared with that after blood injection [(876.80±239.908) mm/s vs (799.40±241.829) mm/s,P＞0.05].Conclusion After the formation of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension,the CSF flow in the C3 level spinal canal showed a low dynamic change,and the CSF flow velocity waveform was disordered and malformed.The non-invasive measurement of CSF dynamics by PC cine MRI can provide an important basis for the change of CSF dynamics in the model of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension,and provide a theoretical basis for further research on damage control neurosurgery in the future.