Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma(EBVaGC) comprises nearly 10% of gastric carcinoma in the world. EBVaGC is supposed to have distinct clinicopathological features, including male predominance, the 'lace pattern' in the early stage, lower rate of lymph node involvement and infiltration of a large number of various inflammatory cells. EBER-ISH detection is the golden standard in the diagnosis of EBVaGC. Although there is no special therapy due to the limited understanding, EBVaGC has a better prognosis. In this paper, the relationship of EBV with gastric carcinoma, the epidemiological and clinical features of EBVaGC will be briefly introduced. In addition, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and the prognosis of the status quo will be discussed.
Herpesvirus 4, Human ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; virology

OBJECTIVES: Research on how the risk of gastric cancer increases with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is lacking. In a systematic review that investigated studies published until September 2014, the authors did not calculate the summary odds ratio (SOR) due to heterogeneity across studies. Therefore, we include here additional studies published until October 2015 and conduct a meta-analysis with meta-regression that controls for the heterogeneity among studies. METHODS: Using the studies selected in the previously published systematic review, we formulated lists of references, cited articles, and related articles provided by PubMed. From the lists, only case-control studies that detected EBV in tissue samples were selected. In order to control for the heterogeneity among studies, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed. RESULTS: In the 33 case-control results with adjacent non-cancer tissue, the total number of test samples in the case and control groups was 5280 and 4962, respectively. In the 14 case-control results with normal tissue, the total number of test samples in case and control groups was 1393 and 945, respectively. Upon meta-regression, the type of control tissue was found to be a statistically significant variable with regard to heterogeneity. When the control tissue was normal tissue of healthy individuals, the SOR was 3.41 (95% CI, 1.78 to 6.51; I-squared, 65.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study support the argument that EBV infection increases the risk of gastric cancer. In the future, age-matched and sex-matched case-control studies should be conducted.
Case-Control Studies ; DNA, Viral/analysis/metabolism ; Databases, Factual ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/*pathology/virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology/virology

Africa ; epidemiology ; Asia, Southeastern ; epidemiology ; Carcinoma ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Middle East ; epidemiology ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; virology

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) hepatitis with elevation of both serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) levels in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing of the medical records of 36 patients who were diagnosed with primary EBV hepatitis. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with elevated serum ALP and gamma-GT levels (group 1) and patients without (group 2). RESULTS: The classic features of infectious mononucleosis (fever, pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis, and cervical lymphadenitis) were seen in 20 (57.1%) of group 1 patients and 18 (50.0%) of group 2 patients. Hepatitis with elevated serum ALP and gamma-GT levels were present in 14 (38.9%) of the all patients. Of these patients, Jaundice occurred in only 2 (5.6%). The mean levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the number of patients with ALT greater than 400 IU/L were significantly different between the groups (177 IU/L vs. 94 IU/L, 418 IU/L vs. 115 IU/L, and 50.0% vs. 13.6%; p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.026, respectively). The mean duration of elevated serum ALT levels was 17.5 days in group 1 and 9.0 days in group 2 (p=0.013). All patients recovered fully without any chronic or serious complications. CONCLUSION: Primary EBV hepatitis with predominant biochemical abnormalities of the elevation of ALP and gamma-GT is frequent and mostly anicteric. This may represent a benign disease, but a delay in recovery of liver function as well.
Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics/*metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatitis/*enzymology/*pathology/virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism

BACKGROUNDEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is one of the most important factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) endemic areas. Transcription of EBV-encoded non-polyadenylated RNAs (EBERs) are presented in most of NPC tumors. Exploring EBERs as a prognostic marker for NPC might further be informative about the biology and the progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of EBV latency in the clinical management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), by detecting EBERs.

METHODSRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for detecting EBERs was carried out on 908 NPC tumor tissues. Overall survival (OS) curves were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional-hazards regression models.

RESULTSThe median follow-up time was 70 months (1-120 months). Eight hundred and sixteen (89.9%) from a total of 908 consecutive NPC cases were found to be EBV-EBER positive. EBER-ISH staining revealed nuclear localization in NPC cells. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis for OS, high EBER expression levels in NPC patients were statistically significant positive prognostic factors for survival (log-rank, P = 0.022), especially in adults aged 17-40 years (P = 0.023) and in those with advanced stage disease (log-rank, P = 0.002). Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis showed that the EBER expression level was an independent risk factor for OS (hazard ratio 0.724, P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONSEBERs were frequently detected in NPC tumor tissues, and high-level EBER expression correlated with good prognosis in NPC patients, especially in adult patients and in those with advanced stage disease. EBER may serve as a potential prognostic predictor in NPC.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; mortality ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/*complications/diagnosis ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Follicular/complications ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*complications/diagnosis/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *T-Lymphocytes/pathology/virology

EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) is a common herpes virus in patient with lymphatic system tumor, which firstly discovered in the cell line of Burkitt's lymphoma. 90% people worldwide had been infected by EB virus before grown-up, but not all people have the EBV-related disease or tumor. Most EBV infection can not elicit clinical symptoms. EBV infection in tumor of lymphatic system is common. It was early known that the EBV existence may cause the immortalization of normal B cells, which like the tumor cells. It means that EBV plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. EBV Bcrf1 code frame is homology to human IL-10, which is also called viral IL-10, showing immunosuppressive effect similar to the IL-10. IL-10 is also an important immunoregulatory factor, the secretory level of which influences the occurrence and development of lymphatic system diseases; the genotype of SNP site in IL-10 promoter region also associates with secretory level of IL-10. This review discusses the close relation between tumor of lymphatic system, EBV infection and gene polymorphism of IL-10.
Burkitt Lymphoma ; genetics ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; virology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

BACKGROUNDThe clinical characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) are largely unreported in the pediatric patients in mainland of China. The main aim of this study was to recognize the clinical features of EBV-HLH in children and to explore its prognosis and risk factors.

METHODSA retrospective study was performed on 78 pediatric patients with EBV-HLH who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital between 2003 and 2008. All patients' medical records were reviewed and analyzed. For each patient, demographic, clinical, laboratory and outcome information was collected. Statistical analysis was conducted via multivariate and univariate analysis.

RESULTSThe age of onset peaked between 1 - 2 years and boys were more likely developed EBV-HLH. EBV-HLH occurred mainly in the serological pattern with EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) positive (70.5%). The overall fatality of the disease was 56.7%. Twelve of the 39 fatalities (30.8%) died rapidly within 2 months after diagnosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that not receiving chemotherapy (P = 0.002), > or = 4 weeks of illness prior to diagnosis (P = 0.004), and albumin levels < 20 g/L (P = 0.045) significantly predicted an increased fatality risk.

CONCLUSIONSEBV-HLH is a severe disease with a high fatality rate that occurs mainly in the serological pattern with EBNA positive. Early initiation of chemotherapy and timely diagnosis significantly improves survival rate. Practical strategies should focus on reducing the likelihood of early death.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; drug therapy ; therapy ; virology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

It is well known that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes directly to tumourigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), primarily in the undifferentiated form of NPC (WHO type III; UNPC or UC), which is commonly found in South East Asia. Unfortunately, research in NPC has been severely hampered by the lack of authentic EBV-positive (EBV+) human NPC cell lines for study. Since 1975, there have been more than 20 reported NPC cell lines. However, many of these NPC-derived cell lines do not express EBV transcripts in long-term culture, and therefore that finding may dispute the fundamental theory of NPC carcinogenesis. In fact, currently only one EBV+ human NPC cell line (C-666) in long-term culture has been reported. Hence, most of the NPC cell lines may not be representative of the disease itself. In order to better understand and treat NPC, there is an urgent need to develop more EBV+ human NPC cell lines. In this review, we discuss the authenticity of existing NPC cell lines and the impact of our understanding of NPC biology on the treatment of the disease and the relationship of EBV to NPC in the context of cell lines.
Cell Line, Tumor ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; virology

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of parotid Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), and improve the rate of the diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: Eighteen cases with parotid LELC confirmed pathologically were collected in our department, and the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively summarized and analyzed from 1982 to 2002. RESULT: All of these LELC patients were found in unilateral side. All cases received Epstein-Barr virus serological test except 2 cases because of refusing, and the testing result displayed: EBV-VCA-IGA positive rate in 93% (15/16); EBV-EA-IGA in 75% (12/ 16); EBV-DNA enzyme in 63% (10/16). Of 16 cases with facial nerve reserved, parotid superficial lobectomy were undertaken in 6 cases, resecting a majority of parotid in 5 cases, whole lobectomy in 5 cases. Facial never resection and whole lobectomy in 2 cases due to facial nerve trunk involved. Functional neck lymph dissection in superior and middle part was undertaken in 14 cases and radical neck lymph dissection in 4 cases, total neck lymph node metastasis rate was 67% (12/18). All of patients received radiotherapy to 50-70 Gy. The follow up were over 1 year, and local recurrence occurred in 2-4 years after operation for 4 cases and had to undergo reoperation. The 1, 3, 5 years survival rates of the 18 cases were 94% (17/18), 72% (13/18) and 50% (9/18), respectively. The chief Causes of death were distant metastasis and local recurrence. CONCLUSION There maybe be close relationship between occurrence of LELC and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Its histopathologic feature is similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasopharynx biopsy must be demanded before confirming diagnosis for eliminating metastasis focus. The neck lymph node metastasis rate of LELC is high and local invasion is strong. It is important to undergo enlarged local resection, neck lymph dissection and postoperative radiotherapy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Parotid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; virology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult