Male ; Humans ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Varicocele/diagnosis* ; Biomarkers

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.

After the New Coronary Pneumonia pandemic, people^'s social behavior has changed, and the current health management and development approaches should also change accordingly. This article analyzes the changes of social behavior during different anti-epidemic periods, demonstrates the necessity and possibility to change the current health management formats and development paths, and proposes a new concept of family-centered health management. The main target of the current urgent need for family health management is to expand the household entry units, build learning and sports units, etc. This article provides ideas for health management in the post-pandemic era.

Objective Inducible isoform of NO synthase(iNOS),coded by NOS2,is one of the antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this study is to explore the association between NOS2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of anti-tuberculous drug induced liver injury(ATDILI).Methods Sixteen tagSNP of NOS2 gene were selected using systematic bioinformatic analysis(HWE-P> 0.001, MAF>0.1,r2>0.8).A population based case-control study was performed to genotype 16 tagSNP of NOS2 gene in 461 ATDILI patients and 466 non-ATDILI patients using SNPscanTMtechnology.The genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between case and control groups.Three genetic models including dominant,recessive and additive models were used to analyze the association between all the selected SNP polymorphisms and susceptibility of ATDILI.Results All the alleles frequencies of these SNP were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.NOS2 rs9906835 G/A genotype,rs944725 T/C genotype, rs3794763 G/A genotype,rs3794764 G/A and A/A genotype,rs6505469 T/A genotype were associated with increased risk for developing ATDILI(all P< 0.05).NOS2 rs9906835,rs944725,rs3794763, rs3794764 and rs6505469 were associated with susceptibility of ATDILI in dominant model(all P<0.05).NOS2 rs944725,rs3794763 and rs3794764 were associated with increased risk for developing ATDILI in recessive model(all P< 0.05).In addition,CGCATT,AC and AAA haplotypes of NOS2 gene were found to have association with susceptibility of ATDILI(all P<0.05).Conclusion Our study showed that NOS2 gene is a susceptible gene of ATDILI.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis (GCT) infection and associated risk factors in male clients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Guangdong and provide integrated intervention strategy for this group.Methods Convenient sampling was used to recruit participants from April to June in 2015 in Guangdong province.The information about their socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were collected by using a questionnaire,and blood samples were taken from them to test the antibodies against HIV,syphilis and HCV.First pass urine was taken to test GCT and gonorrhea.Results A total of 1 749 participants with the average age of 39.53 years were recruited.The majority of them were married (73.87％,1 292/1 749),residents of Guangdong (92.28％,1 614/1 749) and in Han ethnic group (99.49％,1 740/1 749).The positive rates for GCT,HIV,syphilis,HCV,Neisseria gonorrhea,and WBC in urinalysis were 6.06％ (106/1 749),0.46％ (8/1 749),3.43％ (60/1 749),0.45％ (7/1 550),2.74％ (48/1 749),7.89％ (138/1 749) respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for GCT infection include IDUs (OR=13.98,95％CI:3.35-58.38),anal sex with men (OR=3.11,95％ CI:1.45-6.71),Neisseria gonorrhea positive (OR =9.64,95％ CI:5.09-18.24),and WBC positive (OR =1.96,95％ CI:1.08-3.55).Conclusions This study demonstrated the high prevalence of GCT infection in male clients attending STD clinics in Guangdong.Therefore precision intervention should target this population at high-risk.

Objective To clone ,construction ,express and purify Tp47 of Treponema pallidum (Tp) ,and assess the immunoreac‐tivity by Western‐Blot .Methods Tp47 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction ,and then cloned to the vector pGEX‐6P‐1 .The correct sequence of the recombinant plasmids pGEX‐6P1‐Tp47 was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and induced .The expression product was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis and Western‐Blot .The expression protein was purified .Serum of different clinical stages of syphilis was used as the antibody to detect the immunoreactivity of the protein by Western‐Blot .Results A fusion protein with molecular weight about 71 × 103 was attained .Western‐Blot proved that the recombinant protein can react with Tp IgG positive sera .And the specificities and sensitivities of the diagnostic reagent detected by sera were 100% .Conclusion The recombinant protein Tp47 was expressed and purified with good antigen activity ,which could provide the basis of theory and practice for the development of early diagnostic kit applying to detect Tp infection .

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs induced liver injury (ATDILI) and to discuss its impact on the treatment outcome of patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.Methods Among the patients who received anti-TB treatment with directly-observed treatment strategy (DOTS),121 patients with ATDILI and 817 patients without ATDILI were included in this retrospective cohort study.Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of ATDILI in univariate and multivariate analysis.The x2 test was used to compare the treatment success rates and drug resistant rates.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test were used to compare the sputum smear/culture conversion rates and cavity closure rates.Results The incidence of ATDILI was 12.9％ (121/938) in this cohort.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that hepatitis B virus carrier with both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (OR=4.29,95％CI:2.15-8.58,P＜0.01),complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR=3.34,95％CI:1.46-7.63,P=0.004),serum albumin ≤25 g/L (OR=3.14,95％CI:1.50-6.58,P=0.002) and alcoholism (OR=1.79,95％CI:1.14-2.82,P=0.012) were independent risk factors of ATDILI.The treatment failure rate in patients with ATDILI was significantly higher than that in patients without ATDILI (19.1％[24/121] vs8.0％[65/817],OR=2.86,95％CI:1.71-4.78,P＜0.01).The drug resistant rates of two groups were not significant different (4.1％[5/121] vs 1.7％[14/817],P＞0.05).The sputum smear/culture conversion rate (85.4％[41/48] vs 94.0％ [298/317],x2 =38.912,P＜0.01) and cavity closure rate (84.6％[22/26] vs 93.0％[198/213],x2 =20.709,P＜0.01) in patients with ATDILI were both significantly lower than those in patients without ATDILI.Conclusions The incidence of ATDILI is relatively high in hospitalized patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.ATDILI has negative effects on treatment outcome of TB patient.Hepatitis B carrier with positive HBsAg and HBeAg,systemic lupus erythematosus,albumin ≤25 g/L and alcoholism may increase the risk of developing ATDILI.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of differentia-ted-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia ( dVIN) . Methods Clinicopathologic findings and immunophenotypes of 6 cases diagnosed as“dVIN” were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literatures were also reviewed. Results 6 patients were all female ranged 53~80 years old with mean age of 62 years old. Clinical aspects included leukoplakia vulvar, pruitis, irritation, pain, ulcer and so on. The histopathological features were hyperplasia of basal and parabasal layer with elongation and anastomosing reteridges. Cells were marked atypia with obvious nucleoli, atypical mitosis, and dyskeratosis. In the middle and surface layer, cells were well differentiated with pronounced intercellular bridges, and eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. Oedema and band of infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells of subepidermal could been seen. Immuohistochemistry showed the expression rates of p53 and p16 in totally 6 cases were 83. 3% (5/6), 0 (0/6), respectively. The Ki-67 index was more than 90% in basal and parabasal cells. Four patients were followed up ( mean follow-up 17 months, range 6~36 months) , one patient died at 9 months later after surgery, another patient recurred at 6 months later after surgery, both of the 2 cases were all with invasive lesions after resection, and the rest two cases had no recur in 18 months and 36 months after surgery, respectively. Conclusion dVIN is a high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of vulvar with low incidence rate, but had more risk of progression. p53, p16 and Ki-67 stain were useful in the diagnosis of dVIN.

In this study ,the objective is to establish a nested‐PCR assay for the detection of H .bilis with high sensitivity and specificity .The nested primers were designed based on sequences of 16S rRNA gene of seventeen subtypes of H .bilis .Af‐ter optimizing reaction condition ,the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were examined via the detection of feces simulated samples ,mice infection model samples and clinic patients’ samples .The detection sensitivity of H .bilis strain for feces simu‐lated samples was 10 CFU/100 μL .H .bilis was successfully detected in the liver ,caecum and feces of experimentally infected mice .Moreover ,H .bilis was successfully detected in the bile ,cholecyst mucous membrane and feces samples from two of ten patients with cholelithiasis .Due to the PCR assay’s high sensitivity and specificity ,the method may be used to detect the infec‐tion of H .bilis .

Objective To analyze the risk factors of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in sputum acid-fast bacilli positive and/or mycobacteria culture positive patients.Methods One hundred and sixty-three patients with pulmonary NTM infection were recruited from Jan 2006 to Jun 2011 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and 326 patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis who were selected by random systemic sampling method in the same period were recruited as control.The data were retrospectively analyzed.The related factors were compared between groups by chi-square test.The risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection were analyzed by binary Logistic regression model.Results There were statistically significant differences of age,history of smoking,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),bronchiectasis,thin walled cavities focus,purified protein derivative (PPD) test between patients with pulmonary NTM infection and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (all P＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that age [45-60year (OR=2.637,95％CI:1.631-4.264; P＜0.001); ＞60 year (OR=4.194,95％CI:2.581-6,813 ; P＜0.001)],history of smoking [10-20 year (OR=1.842,95％CI:1.0843.070; P=0.024),＞20 year (OR=2.040,95％CI:1.167-3.567; P=0.012)],COPD (OR=2.698,95％CI:1.588-4.583; P＜0.001),bronchiectasis (OR=3.566,95％CI:2.343-5.427;P＜0.001),thin walled cavities focus (OR=2.592,95％CI:1.581-4.250; P＜0.001) and a weak-positive reaction of PPD test (OR=2.389,95％CI:1.276-4.472; P=0.006) were all risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection.Multivariate analysis showed that age＞60 year (OR=3.961,95％CI:2.183-7.189 ; P＜0.001),bronchiectasis (OR =3.880,95 ％ CI:2.342-6.487 ; P＜0.001),thin walled cavities focus (OR=2.898,95％CI:1.567-5.360; P＜0.001),COPD (OR=2.503,95％ CI:1.289-4.857; P=0.007),age45-60 year (OR=2.452,95％CI:1.391 4.325; P=0.002)anda weak-positive reaction of PPD test (OR=2.295,95％CI..1.132-4.652; P=0.021) were independent risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection.Conclusion In sputum acid-fast bacilli positive and/or mycobacteria culture positive patients,age≥ 45 year,COPD,bronchiectasis,thin walled cavities focus and a weak-positive reaction of PPD test are risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection.The clinicians should pay close attention to the results of species identification.