Objective To investigate the effects of polybutylene terephthalate(PBT)grafted with various monomers,such as acrylic acid(AA),acrylamide(AM),sodium styrene sulfonate(SSS),AA+AM and AA+SSS on platelet adhesion and function.Methods The AA,AM,SSS,AA+AM,and AA+SSS were grafted onto the surface of PBT by γ-ray irradia-tion,and the grafted PBT was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR)and wetting time.Platelet ac-tivation and aggregation of different monomers grafted with PBT were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Platelet concentration,maximum aggregation ability,positive expression rate of CD62p and hypotonic shock rate(HSR)of PBT grafted with different monomers were tested to study their effect on platelet adhesion and function.Results The char-acteristic absorption peaks of AA,AM and SSS appeared in FTIR,and the hydrophilicity of the grafted material was im-proved obviously,indicating that the monomer was grafted successfully.The results of SEM showed that the degree of platelet activation and aggregation caused by the original PBT was significantly higher than that of modified ones.Compared with the original platelets,the platelet concentration of PBT was(533.00±4.58 vs 672.00±3.61)×109/L,the maximum platelet ag-gregation rate was(48.80±0.96 vs 58.60±1.37)%,the positive expression rate of CD62p was(45.35±0.58 vs 39.90±0.52)%,and the platelet HSR was(48.74±0.46 vs 51.86±0.93)%(P<0.05).Compared with the original PBT,the platelet loss and platelet function damage caused by PBT grafted with different monomers decreased significantly(P<0.05).PBT-(AA+AM)had the least comprehensive effect on platelets[platelet concentration(637.00±2.65)×109/L,maximum plate-let aggregation rate(62.45±0.61)%,positive expression rate of CD62p(37.39±0.42)%,platelet HSR(53.51±0.58)%].Conclusion The comprehensive effect of PBT grafted with AA+AM on platelet adhesion and function is significantly lower than that of PBT grafted with other monomers,so it is anticipated to apply filtering and removing leukocytes in platelet prep-arations.

Background Prolonged awkward postures during occupational activities can lead to excessive musculoskeletal load on the wrist of workers and symptoms such as wrist pain or discomfort. Objective To survey the prevalence of wrist pain among workers in 10 key industries and analyze its correlation with wrist working postures. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, workers from 10 key industries, such as footwear manufacturing industry, shipbuilding manufacturing industry, and automobile manufacturing industry, were selected from seven regions in North China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and Northeast China. The demographic information, wrist working postures, pain in wrist of the workers were collected through a cross-sectional survey. Pearson χ² test was used to compare prevalence by selected factors, trend χ² test for between group comparison, and unconditional logistic regression models for the association of wrist working postures with wrist pain. Results There were 64052 workers enrolled in this survey, and 56286 provided valid questionnaires (the effective rate was 87.8%). According to the survey, the prevalence of wrist pain was 23.3% (13112/56286), and the industries with higher prevalences were footwear manufacturing (27.1%, 1927/7106), automobile manufacturing (24.9%, 5378/21560), and shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing (24.4%, 850/3488) industries. Finger pinching (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.95-2.24), frequent wrist bending (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.92-2.15), fixed wrist bending (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.69-1.85), wrist on hard edge (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.28-1.40), and arms over shoulders (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17) increased the risk of reporting wrist pain. Conclusion Awkward postures are related to wrist pain among workers in selected 10 key industries. The related factors are wrist on hard edge, frequent wrist bending, finger pinching, fixed wrist bending, and arms over shoulders.

Objective: To analyze the current status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in Chinese occupational population, and to study the relationship between work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain and WMSDs. Methods: A total of 66 961 employees from 323 enterprises in 15 key industries in China were selected as the study subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The incidence of WMSDs in the past year was investigated using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain were investigated using Borg 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and visual analogue scale. The data were standardized using the age composition data of 18 to 60 years from the seventh national population census. Results: The standardized annual incidence of WMSDs was higher in the front-line workers than that in the administrative and other supportive staff (38.82% vs 36.30%). The detection rates of work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in the study subjects were 44.54% and 63.08%, respectively. The result of S-curve fitting showed that the risk of WMSDs increased with the level of work fatigue (P<0.01). Among the front-line workers, the average of monthly fatigue frequency in the neck, shoulder, lower back, upper back, wrist/hand, foot and ankle, knee, leg, and elbow were higher in the group with WMSDs compared to those without WMSDs (all P<0.01). The pain degree of musculoskeletal pain was higher in all nine sites in the fatigued group than in the no-fatigue group (all P<0.01). The standardized detection rate of musculoskeletal pain was higher in the fatigued group than in the non-fatigued group (80.38% vs 25.71%). The work fatigue was moderate and positively correlated with musculoskeletal pain in all seven sites except the lower back and elbow, with Kendall Tau-b correlation coefficients ranging from 0.423 to 0.546 (all P<0.01). Conclusion: There is a good correlation between work fatigue and local musculoskeletal pain, work fatigue and WMSDs in Chinese occupational population. Implementing ergonomic interventions to control the development of work fatigue can be an effective measure for preventing WMSDs.

Objective To investigate the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in radiation workers exposed to chronic low dose ionizing radiation in Jiangsu province to adopt corresponding protective measures. Methods From January to December 2019, 504 in-service radiation workers were taken as the radiation group, 105 healthy adults who were to be engaged in radiation work by pre-job occupational health examination were served as the control group. We compared the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes measured by conventional culture. Results The micronucleus rate in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001) and the micronucleus rate in the female radiation workers was higher than that in the male (P < 0.01); The difference of micronucleus rate in different age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05), among which aged 41～50 years being higher than that of those aged 21～30 years. Besides, The difference of micronucleus rate between different working age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05), with higher rates in the 21～30 year range than in the 0～10 year range. (P < 0.05). Differential micronucleus rates among different types of work were statistically significant (P < 0.01), with the highest rate of micronucleus among staff in radiotherapy positions compared to other positions. What’s more, the highest rate of micronucleus among radiology staff in units of different levels was found in municipal hospitals, with statistically significant differences in micronucleus rates between provincial hospitals, enterprises (P < 0.05) and municipal hospitals (P < 0.01). Conclusion The micronucleus rate of radiation workers was significantly higher than that of non-contact personnel, and the micronucleus rate of female radiation workers is higher than that of men. Moreover, the highest rate was found among radiation workers. Therefore, radiation protection and daily management of this population should be strengthened.

Objective:To understand the occupational health status of a lead-acid battery enterprise in Jiangsu Province, to observe the results of blood lead and bone mineral density (BMD) of the workers exposed to occupational lead, and to explore the effect of occupational lead exposure on BMD, so as to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational lead poisoning and osteoporosis.Methods:An occupational health survey was conducted in a lead-acid battery enterprise in Jiangsu Province in January 2019. Basic information and occupational health examination results of 402 persons exposed to occupational lead were collected, and BMD was measured. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between blood lead and BMD, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of BMD.Results:The blood lead level M ( P25, P75) of 402 occupational lead exposure workers was 220.5 (118.0, 307.0) μg/L, 46 workers (11.4%) had blood lead value ≥400 μg/L, and 5 workers (1.2%) ≥600 μg/L. 124 workers (30.8%) had abnormal BMD. The concentrations of lead dust and lead smoke in the workplace were <0.004-0.027 and <0.021-0.045 mg/m 3, respectively. The positions exceeding the standard point were mainly concentrated in the casting and welding group (44.4%, 4/9) of lead smoke positions. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall distribution of blood lead levels among lead exposure workers with different BMD levels, and there was a positive correlation between blood lead and BMD ( P<0.01) . The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of abnormal BMD among workers exposed to different genders, positions and blood lead levels ( P<0.01) . The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abnormal BMD in male workers was 5.069 times of that in female worker (95% CI: 2.906-8.840, P<0.01) . Conclusion:Occupational lead exposure personnel have a high blood lead level and a high abnormal BMD rate. Exposure to lead working environment is an influencing factor for the abnormal BMD of workers, so enterprise managers should pay attention to health protection, occupational health monitoring and supervision of working environment of front-line workers.

Objective:To understand the occupational health status of a lead-acid battery enterprise in Jiangsu Province, to observe the results of blood lead and bone mineral density (BMD) of the workers exposed to occupational lead, and to explore the effect of occupational lead exposure on BMD, so as to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational lead poisoning and osteoporosis.Methods:An occupational health survey was conducted in a lead-acid battery enterprise in Jiangsu Province in January 2019. Basic information and occupational health examination results of 402 persons exposed to occupational lead were collected, and BMD was measured. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between blood lead and BMD, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of BMD.Results:The blood lead level M ( P25, P75) of 402 occupational lead exposure workers was 220.5 (118.0, 307.0) μg/L, 46 workers (11.4%) had blood lead value ≥400 μg/L, and 5 workers (1.2%) ≥600 μg/L. 124 workers (30.8%) had abnormal BMD. The concentrations of lead dust and lead smoke in the workplace were <0.004-0.027 and <0.021-0.045 mg/m 3, respectively. The positions exceeding the standard point were mainly concentrated in the casting and welding group (44.4%, 4/9) of lead smoke positions. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall distribution of blood lead levels among lead exposure workers with different BMD levels, and there was a positive correlation between blood lead and BMD ( P<0.01) . The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of abnormal BMD among workers exposed to different genders, positions and blood lead levels ( P<0.01) . The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abnormal BMD in male workers was 5.069 times of that in female worker (95% CI: 2.906-8.840, P<0.01) . Conclusion:Occupational lead exposure personnel have a high blood lead level and a high abnormal BMD rate. Exposure to lead working environment is an influencing factor for the abnormal BMD of workers, so enterprise managers should pay attention to health protection, occupational health monitoring and supervision of working environment of front-line workers.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of long-term low-level lead load on the immune function of occupationally exposed workers. METHODS: The convenient sampling method was used to select 57 lead-exposed workers as the observation group.These workers had the blood lead level of ≥300 μg/L and <400 μg/L.They worked in a battery plant from 2009 to 2018. Another 61 none-lead exposed logistical personnel with blood lead level of <100 μg/L were selected as the control group. The blood lead levels and immune function indicators were detected in these 2 groups, including serum immunoglobulin(Ig)G, IgA, IgM, complement(C) 3, C4, C-reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) level, blood intermediate cell(MID) count and MID ratio(MID%).The abnormal rates of the above immune indexes were calculated. RESULTS: The median blood lead level in the observation group was 338 μg/L. The levels of IgA(M: 2.3 vs 1.9 g/L), C3 [(10.8 ± 1.7) vs(10.1±1.5) mg/L] and C4(M: 2.6 vs 2.3 mg/L) of observation group decrease(P<0.05), the abnormal rate of IgG increased(1.6% vs 14.0%, P<0.05), compared with the control group. The other immune indexes of these two groups were compared, and the differences showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). Blood lead level was negatively correlated with C3 level and positively correlated with TNF-α level(Spearman correlation coefficients were-0.20, 0.19, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Low level lead might have an impact on the immune system of lead-exposed workers.

Objective:To investigate the features, changing trend, and rules of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province, China, as well as the health status of patients with pneumoconiosis.Methods:From July to October 2019, the patients with pneumoconiosis, reported up to the end of 2018 in Jiangsu Province, were enrolled as respondents, and follow-up and retrospective investigation were performed. A total of 24405 patients with pneumoconiosis were investigated, and related data were collected from the monitoring system of cause of death for residents, pneumoconiosis network reporting system, occupational disease diagnosis institution, management institutions for the reporting of occupational diseases, and related residents' committee or village committee. The patients with pneumoconiosis, who had been reported, were followed up by telephone or on-site visit to obtain the information on their conditions. A descriptive analysis was performed for age of onset, working years, sex, category of industry, type of pneumoconiosis, annual disease onset, geographic distribution, and medical security.Results:Among the 24405 patients, a male/female ratio was 16.81∶1. Of all 24405 patients, 15948 (65.35%) had stage 1 pneumoconiosis, 5289 (21.67%) had stage 2 pneumoconiosis, and 1637 (6.71%) had stage 3 pneumoconiosis. The mean working years for dust exposure was 16.25±9.95 years for all patients, and the mean working years for dust exposure was 15.80±9.95 years for patients with stage 1 pneumoconiosis, 17.82±9.80 years for patients with stage 2 pneumoconiosis, and 16.31±9.90 years for patients with stage 3 pneumoconiosis. The highest number of cases of pneumoconiosis was reported in Wuxi (5744 cases, accounting for 23.54%) , followed by Zhenjiang (4160 cases, accounting for 17.05%) , Xuzhou (3851 cases, accounting for 15.78%) , Yancheng (3340 cases, accounting for 13.69%) , and Suzhou (2948 cases, accounting for 12.08%) . Major types of pneumoconiosis included silicosis (15392 cases, accounting for 63.07%) and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (5253 cases, accounting for 21.52%) . In this survey, 21115 completed follow-up, among whom 15924 survived and 5191 died, 15924 patients with pneumoconiosis survived, among whom 7461 (46.85%) had an age of ≥70 years and 2515 (15.79%) were exposed to dust for 5-9 years. The industries involved were mainly coal mining and washing industry (5687 cases, accounting for 35.71%) and public management, social security, and social organization (3349 cases, accounting for 21.03%) ; in terms of security, 7999 patients (50.23%) were covered by occupational injury insurance, 946 (5.94%) were compensated by employers, 4537 (28.49%) were covered by basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, 1590 (9.98%) were covered by critical illness insurance, and 5458 (34.28%) were covered by other types of social security, such as medical assistance and poverty relief.Conclusion:Silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis are the key points for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province, and supervision should be strengthened for industries and regions with serious dust hazards.

Objective:To investigate the features, changing trend, and rules of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province, China, as well as the health status of patients with pneumoconiosis.Methods:From July to October 2019, the patients with pneumoconiosis, reported up to the end of 2018 in Jiangsu Province, were enrolled as respondents, and follow-up and retrospective investigation were performed. A total of 24405 patients with pneumoconiosis were investigated, and related data were collected from the monitoring system of cause of death for residents, pneumoconiosis network reporting system, occupational disease diagnosis institution, management institutions for the reporting of occupational diseases, and related residents' committee or village committee. The patients with pneumoconiosis, who had been reported, were followed up by telephone or on-site visit to obtain the information on their conditions. A descriptive analysis was performed for age of onset, working years, sex, category of industry, type of pneumoconiosis, annual disease onset, geographic distribution, and medical security.Results:Among the 24405 patients, a male/female ratio was 16.81∶1. Of all 24405 patients, 15948 (65.35%) had stage 1 pneumoconiosis, 5289 (21.67%) had stage 2 pneumoconiosis, and 1637 (6.71%) had stage 3 pneumoconiosis. The mean working years for dust exposure was 16.25±9.95 years for all patients, and the mean working years for dust exposure was 15.80±9.95 years for patients with stage 1 pneumoconiosis, 17.82±9.80 years for patients with stage 2 pneumoconiosis, and 16.31±9.90 years for patients with stage 3 pneumoconiosis. The highest number of cases of pneumoconiosis was reported in Wuxi (5744 cases, accounting for 23.54%) , followed by Zhenjiang (4160 cases, accounting for 17.05%) , Xuzhou (3851 cases, accounting for 15.78%) , Yancheng (3340 cases, accounting for 13.69%) , and Suzhou (2948 cases, accounting for 12.08%) . Major types of pneumoconiosis included silicosis (15392 cases, accounting for 63.07%) and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (5253 cases, accounting for 21.52%) . In this survey, 21115 completed follow-up, among whom 15924 survived and 5191 died, 15924 patients with pneumoconiosis survived, among whom 7461 (46.85%) had an age of ≥70 years and 2515 (15.79%) were exposed to dust for 5-9 years. The industries involved were mainly coal mining and washing industry (5687 cases, accounting for 35.71%) and public management, social security, and social organization (3349 cases, accounting for 21.03%) ; in terms of security, 7999 patients (50.23%) were covered by occupational injury insurance, 946 (5.94%) were compensated by employers, 4537 (28.49%) were covered by basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, 1590 (9.98%) were covered by critical illness insurance, and 5458 (34.28%) were covered by other types of social security, such as medical assistance and poverty relief.Conclusion:Silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis are the key points for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province, and supervision should be strengthened for industries and regions with serious dust hazards.

Objective: To investigate the qualifications current situations of the medical and health institutions and certified doctors for providing occupational disease diagnosis in Jiangsu Province to provide reference for occupational disease prevention and control. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out on 28 institutionsfor occupational disease diagnosis and 1 278 certified doctors for occupational disease diagnosis in Jiangsu Province between 2012 and 2017, announcement from Jiangsu provincial commission of health and family planning commission, SPSS16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: By the end of 2017, there had been 28 medical and health institutions which were qualified for providing occupational disease diagnosis in Jiangsu Province, including 16 centers for disease control and prevention, accounting for 57.14%, 6 general hospitals, accounting for 21.42%, and 6 institutes or centers for occupational disease prevention and control, accounting for 21.42%; a total of 313 occupational disease diagnosis were employed in these 28 diagnostic institutions, with 9.4 certified doctors on average in each institution; In addition, 17.86% of the institutions get all the qualifications for diagnosing 10 occupational diseases, and 10.71% of the institutions get the qualification for diagnosing one tothree occupational diseases. A total of 1278 physicians obtain the qualification of certified doctors for occupational disease diagnosis, the largest number was 221 in Wuxi city, at least 16 in Zhenjiang city, including 599 centers for disease control and prevention, accounting for 46.87%, 118 institutes or centers for occupational disease prevention and control, accounting for 9.23%, 304 general hospitals, accounting for 23.79%, 257 enterprise-owned hospitals, accounting for 20.11%; The highest number of occupational poisoning diagnoses was obtained, accounting for 796 (62.28%) . Conclusion A provincial occupational disease diagnosis network has been established in Jiangsu, but it is far from covering all districts and counties, and the imbalance in regional distribution and specialty programs still exists among the qualified medical and health institutions and certified doctors. It is essential to further strengthen the training of qualified doctors and the development of qualified medical and health institutions.