Supercooling preservation technology, as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of organ preservation, significantly reduces the metabolic rate of cells and inhibits ice crystal formation by placing organs in a low-temperature environment near or below the freezing point. This technology extends the preservation time of organs and maintains their biological activity. Compared with the traditional low-temperature preservation at 4 °C, supercooling preservation effectively avoids cell damage and the accumulation of metabolic products, demonstrating significant advantages in the preservation of cells, tissues and organs. In recent years, important progress has been made in the optimization of cryoprotectants, the application of antifreeze proteins, the improvement of vitrification technology, and the development of nanotechnology-based rewarming techniques. These advancements provide new pathways to address the challenges of toxicity, ice crystal formation and uneven rewarming rates during supercooling preservation. This review summarizes the basic principles of supercooling preservation, the application of key technologies, and their practical effects in organ transplantation. It also analyzes the challenges of toxicity and rewarming efficiency, aiming to provide theoretical support and research directions for the future optimization of organ low-temperature preservation technology and its clinical application.

Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016 pM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD deter-mined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quan-tum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)path-ways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.

To understand Helicobacter pylori's drug resistance,genetic diversity,and relationship with clinical diseases in the Guiyang and Qiannan minority areas of Guizhou Province,we collected samples through endoscopy,and isolated and cul-tured H.pylori.The drug resistance and genotype characteristics were determined.The differences in different regions and dis-ease types were compared,and the structural characteristics of H.pylori and mixed infections with different strains of H.py-lori in Qiannan Prefecture were analyzed.A difference in the composition ratio of EPYIA typing in the cagA variable region was observed between the two areas(P=0.012),and the composition ratio of the vacA genotype differed(P=0.000).A total of 94.6％(53/56)new sequences of H.pylori strains from two regions were obtained by MLST.The rate of infection by H.pylori mixed with different strains was 44.4％in Qiannan Pre-fecture,and no significant difference was observed in the com-position of H.pylori mixed infections among patients with dif-ferent clinical diseases(P=0.349).Differences in EPI YA typ-ing and the vacA genotype composition ratio in the cagA varia-ble region of H.pylori were observed between the Qiannan Prefecture and Guiyang City.

Acute liver injury (ALI) is one of the common severe diseases in clinic, which is characterized by redox imbalance and inflammatory storm. Untimely treatment can easily lead to liver failure and even death. Rosmarinic acid (RA) has been proved to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but it is not clear how to protect ALI through antioxidation and inhibition of inflammation. Therefore, this study explored the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of RA on ALI through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the mouse ALI model, the effects of RA on liver function and inflammatory indexes were studied, the pathological changes of liver were observed by HE, the effect of RA on reactive oxygen species in liver was detected by fluorescence method, and the level of F4/80 in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method. The levels of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (CASPASE-1) in liver tissue were measured by Western blot. All animal welfare and experimental procedures follow the rules of the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. In vitro, human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was used to establish the model of oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method. The level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the activity of lactatede hydrogenase (LDH) was detected by LDH kit, and the level of ROS was detected by fluorescence probe DCFH-DA labeling. The mRNA expression of Txnip, Nlrp3, Caspase 1, Il1β was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2), TXNIP, NLRP3 and CASPASE-1 were measured by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the model group, the degree of liver swelling, tissue injury, liver function index in RA group were significantly lower than those in model group. And RA significantly attenuated the increases of ROS in liver tissue. The expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3 and CASPASE-1 in liver tissue were significantly lower than those in model group. Additionally, RA inhibited the expressions of F4/80 and IL-1β. In vitro experiment, compared with model group, RA effectively inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and LDH. The level of ROS also decreased significantly. RA inhibited the mRNA expressions of Txnip, Caspase 1, Il1β. Furthermore, RA significantly increased the expression level of NRF2 protein in nucleus, and decreased the expression level of TXNIP and NLRP3 protein. Specifically, with the addition of ML385, the effect of RA on NRF2, TXNIP, NLRP3, CASPASE-1 protein expression was reversed. Collectively, these findings suggested that RA may inhibit the production of ROS by promoting NRF2 nuclear transfer, and then reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies by TXNIP, reduce cell death and inflammatory response to prevent the liver injury.

Objective:To investigate the incidence characteristics and influencing factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rural Uyghur ethnic group residents in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and to provide scientific evidence for early identification and prevention of NAFLD for residents.Methods:A total of 10 158 participants were included from the Xinjiang Uygur ethnic group population cohort. A prospective cohort study and Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis were used to explore the influencing factors and clustering of NAFLD, and the dose-response relationship between related biochemical indicators and the risk of NAFLD was studied using a restricted cubic spline.Results:The cumulative incidence rate of NAFLD was 6.9%, and the incidence density of NAFLD was 12.06/1 000 person-years. The incidence density of NAFLD in females was higher than in males (14.72/1 000 person-years vs. 9.17/1 000 person-years, P<0.001). The incidence density of NAFLD gradually increased with age in the total population, both men and women (all P<0.001). In the general population, an education level of junior high school or above was a protective factor for NAFLD, while older age, divorce, widowhood, overweight, obesity, hypertension, increased glomerular filtration rate, decreased HDL-C, increased LDL-C, and increased ALT were risk factors for NAFLD. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HDL-C, LDL-C, and ALT were non-linearly correlated with the incidence of NAFLD, and there was a significant dose-response relationship between them. Only 19.1% of residents had no NAFLD risk factors; over 80.9% had ≥1 NAFLD risk factors. The risk of NAFLD increased with the number of risk factors. Conclusions:The incidence of NAFLD in rural Uygur ethnic group residents in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was relatively low, but most residents had one or more risk factors for NAFLD. Prevention and control of NAFLD in this population cannot be ignored. In addition, people of older age, divorced or widowed, low education level, overweight or obese, hypertension, and abnormal eGFR, HDL-C, LDL-C, and ALT were the high-risk groups of NAFLD that need to be paid attention to in this population.

Objective To analyze the hip joint biomechanies of the acetabular anatomical reconstruction and nonanatomi-cal reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty(THA)for Crowe type Ⅲ developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)by finite ele-ment method,which provided theoretical foundation and experimental basis for the anatomical acetabular reconstruction dur-ing THA in clinical practice.Methods One patient with left end-stage hip arthritis secondary to Crowe type Ⅲ DDH was se-lected in this study,who underwent total hip arthroplasty in the orthopedic department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College in April 2020.This patient was female,57 years old.The preoperative and postoperative three dimentional CT scan of the patient's pelvis were performed.Fourteen acetabular cup models with different anteversion,inclination and rotation center height were established in Mimics and 3-Matic software.The boundary and load conditions were set in Abaqus software.The Von Mises and stress distribution of the hip joint were calculated and observed.Results In the Crowe type Ⅲ DDH THA,if the hip rotation center was restored anatomically and the acetabular cup's inclination was set as 40°,the cup's anteversion var-ied from 5° to 25°,the lowest Von Mises value of acetabular cup and polyethylene liner occured in 20°anteversioin;if the hip rotation center was restored anatomically and the acetabular cup's anteversion was set as 15°,the cup's inclination varied from 35° to 55°,the lowest Von Mises value of acetabular cup and polyethylene liner occured in 35° inclination;if the acetabular cup's anteversion and inclination were set as 15°and 40°respectively,the up migration of hip rotaion center varied from 0 mm to 20 mm,the lowest Von Mises value of acetabular cup and polyethylene liner occured in 10 mm up migration.In all fourteen models,the Von Mises value of the acetabulum,acetabulum cup and polyethylene liner were lowest when the acetabular cup's anteversion and inlcination were 15°,35° respectively,as well as the rotation center was restored anatomically.Conclusion In total hip arthroplasty for Crowe type Ⅲ DDH,the anatomical restoration of hip rotation center with 15° anteversion and 35° in-clination of the acetabular cup are suggested,bone graft above the acetabular cup and additional screws are recommended si-multaneously to further reduce the Von Mises of hip joint.

Objective:To evaluate the risk factors for the formation of parastomal Hernias(PSH)using meta-analysis,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PSH.Methods:Case control or Cohort study of PSH risk factors were collected by searching PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang data and other databases.Extract relevant data and perform meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3.Results:The results included a total of 16 studies,with a total sample size of 2411 cases,including 670 in the PSH group and 1741 in the non PSH group.The results showed that advanced age,female gender,BMI≥25,hypertension,COPD/chronic cough,diabetes,and postoperative Hypoproteinemia could increase the risk of PSH(P＜0.05);Smoking,previous ab-dominal surgery history,preoperative radiotherapy/chemotherapy etc.,were not significantly asso-ciated with the occurrence of PSH(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The current evidence shows that ad-vanced age,female gender,BMI≥25,hypertension,COPD/chronic cough,diabetes,postoperative Hypoproteinemia are risk factors for PSH,and extraperitoneal stoma can reduce the occurrence of PSH.

Purpose::Traumatic brain injury (TBI), currently a major global public health problem, imposes a significant economic burden on society and families. We aimed to quantify and predict the incidence and severity of TBI by analyzing its incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs). The epidemiological changes in TBI from 1990 to 2019 were described and updated to provide a reference for developing prevention, treatment, and incidence-reducing measures for TBI.Methods::A secondary analysis was performed on the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of TBI by sex, age group, and region ( n =21,204 countries and territories) between 1990 and 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. Proportions in the age-standardized incidence rate due to underlying causes of TBI and proportions of minor and moderate or severe TBI were also reported. Results::In 2019, there were 27.16 million (95% uncertainty intervals ( UI): 23.36 -31.42) new cases of TBI worldwide, with age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of 346 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 298 -401) and 599 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 573 -627), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, there were no significant trends in global age-standardized incidence (estimated annual percentage changes: -0.11%, 95% UI: -0.18% --0.04%) or prevalence (estimated annual percentage changes: 0.01%, 95% UI: -0.04% -0.06%). TBI caused 7.08 million (95% UI: 5.00 -9.59) YLDs in 2019, with age-standardized rates of 86.5 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 61.1 -117.2). In 2019, the countries with higher incidence rates were mainly distributed in Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Australia. The 2019 global age-standardized incidence rate was higher in males than in females. The 2019 global incidence of moderate and severe TBI was 182.7 per 100,000 population, accounting for 52.8% of all TBI, with falls and road traffic injuries being the main causes in most regions. Conclusions::The incidence of moderate and severe TBI was slightly higher in 2019, and TBI still accounts for a significant portion of the global injury burden. The likelihood of moderate to severe TBI and the trend of major injury under each injury cause from 1990 to 2019 and the characteristics of injury mechanisms in each age group are presented, providing a basis for further research on injury causes in each age group and the future establishment of corresponding policies and protective measures.

Sepsis-induced coagulopathy(SIC),a critical and potentially lethal condition arising from sepsis,results in endothelial damage and significant coagulation dysregulation,making it a major factor contributing to mortality among sepsis patients.Early diagnosis and treatment of SIC are expected to improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.In 2019,the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis(ISTH)issued the first guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SIC,but there are no corresponding protocols in China.Therefore,Chinese Society of Thrombosis,Hemostasis and Critical Care,Chinese Medicine Education Association,and Chinese People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine jointly formulated the"Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis-induced Coagulopathy(2024 edition)."This consensus includes 5 parts:pathogenesis,classification,laboratory approaches,diagnosis and treatment,with a total of 14 evidence-based recommendations to guide clinical practice.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.