Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective: To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric septic shock in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) among hospitals of different levels. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 368 children with septic shock treated in the PICU of Beijing Children's Hospital, Henan Children's Hospital, and Baoding Children's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021. Their clinical data were collected, including the general information, location of onset (community or hospital-acquired), severity, pathogen positivity, consistence of guideline (the rate of standard attainment at 6 h after resuscitation and the rate of anti-infective drug administration within 1 h after diagnosis), treatment, and in-hospital mortality. The 3 hospitals were national, provincial, and municipal, respectively. Furthermore, the patients were divided into the tumor group and the non-tumor group, and into the in-hospital referral group and the outpatient or emergency admission group. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results: The 368 patients aged 32 (11, 98) months, of whom 223 were males and 145 females. There were 215, 107, and 46 patients with septic shock, with males of 141, 51, and 31 cases, from the national, provincial, and municipal hospitals, respectively. The difference in pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM Ⅲ) scores among the national,provincial and municipal group was statistically significant (26(19, 32) vs.19(12, 26) vs. 12(6, 19), Z=60.25,P<0.001). The difference in community acquired septic shock among the national,provincial and municipal group was statistically significant (31.6%(68/215) vs. 84.1%(90/107) vs. 91.3%(42/46), χ²=108.26,P<0.001). There were no significant differences in compliance with guidelines among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The main bacteria detected in the national group were Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.4% (12/78)) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.4% (12/78)); in the provincial group were Staphylococcus aureus (19.0% (12/63)) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.7% (8/63)), and in the municipal group were Streptococcus pneumoniae (40.0% (10/25)) and Enteric bacilli (16.0% (4/25)). The difference in the proportion of virus and the proportion of 3 or more initial antimicrobials used among the national,provincial and municipal group was statistically significant (27.7% (43/155) vs. 14.9% (13/87) vs. 9.1% (3/33), 22.8%(49/215) vs. 11.2%(12/107) vs. 6.5%(3/46), χ²=8.82, 10.99, both P<0.05). There was no difference in the in-hospital mortality among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Regarding the subgroups of tumor and non-tumor, the national group had higher PRISM Ⅲ (31(24, 38) vs. 22 (21, 28) vs.16 (9, 22), 24 (18, 30) vs. 17(8, 24) vs. 10 (5, 16), Z=30.34, 10.45, both P<0.001), and it was the same for the subgroups of in-hospital referral and out-patient or emergency admission (29 (21, 39) vs. 23 (17, 30) vs. 15 (10, 29), 23 (17, 29) vs. 18 (10, 24) vs. 11 (5, 16), Z=20.33, 14.25, both P<0.001) as compared to the provincial and municipal group. There was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality among the 2 pairs of subgroups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: There are differences in the severity, location of onset, pathogen composition, and initial antibiotics of pediatric septic shock in children's hospitals of different levels, but no differences in compliance with guidelines and in-hospital survival rate.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic/therapy* ; Hospitalization ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Hospitals, Pediatric

Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, the sun-dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum, is cool, plain, sweet, and bitter, which can be used as both food and medicine, with the effects of improving vision, blacking hair, and tonifying liver and kidney. It takes effect slowly. However, little is known about the genetic information of the medicinal plant and it is still a challenge to distinguish Ligustrum species. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of L. lucidum was obtained by genome skimming and then compared with that of five other Ligustrum species, which had been reported. This study aims to evaluate the interspecific variation of chloroplast genome within the genus and develop molecular markers for species identification of the genus. The result showed that the chloroplast genome of L. lucidum was 162 162 bp with a circular quadripartite structure of two single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats. The Ligustrum chloroplast genomes were conserved with small interspecific difference. Comparative analysis of six Ligustrum chloroplast genomes revealed three variable regions(rbcL-accD, ycf1a, and ycf1b), and ycf1a and ycf1b can be used as the species-specific DNA barcode for Ligustrum. Phylogeny analysis provided the best resolution of Ligustrum and supported that L. lucidum was sister to L. gracile. This study clarified the genetic diversity of L. lucidum from provenance, which can serve as a reference for further analysis of pharmacological differences and breeding of excellent varieties with stable drug effects.
Fruit ; Genome, Chloroplast ; Ligustrum/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Breeding

Patients exhibit good tolerance to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, and the choice of encoded molecules is flexible and diverse. These vaccines can be engineered to express full-length antigens containing multiple epitopes without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, are relatively easy to control and can be rapidly mass produced. In 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine produced by Pfizer and BioNTech, which has generated enthusiasm for mRNA vaccine research and development. Based on the above characteristics and the development of mRNA vaccines, mRNA cancer vaccines have become a research hotspot and have undergone rapid development, especially in the last five years. This review analyzes the advances in mRNA cancer vaccines from various perspectives, including the selection and expression of antigens/targets, the application of vectors and adjuvants, different administration routes, and preclinical evaluation, to reflect the trends and challenges associated with these vaccines.

Objective To understand the infection status and molecular characteristics of Campylobacter, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of Campylobacter infection. Methods A total of 382 stool samples from diarrhea patients in a sentinel hospital in Changping District, Beijing, were collected in 2019. Campylobacter, Salmonella, Diarrhea Escherichia coli, and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus were detected, and the isolated Campylobacter jejuni strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results The positive detection rate of Campylobacter (58 strains, 15.18%) was higher than that of Diarrhea Escherichia coli (37 strains, 9.69%), Salmonella (24 strains, 6.28%) and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus (21 strains, 5.50%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=26.735, P=0.000). Campylobacter strains were found in spring (14.71%), summer (18.33%), autumn (15.00%) and winter (10.00%), but there was no significant difference (χ²=2.197, P=0.533). PFGE analysis showed that 30 strains of Campylobacter jejuni had 26 PFGE patterns, and the similarity coefficient was 31.00% -100.00%. Conclusion In the study, the detection rate of Campylobacter is in the first place, and it is detected in four seasons, indicating that the infection of Campylobacter is serious in Changping District of Beijing. It is necessary to pay more attention to the infection of Campylobacter and formulate corresponding policies to prevent the outbreak caused by Campylobacter infection..

The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in China has become a major public health problem, and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease is in urgent need. For the reality of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the Chinese health care system, we can consider the service ability of traditional Chinese medicine. Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet is a kind of Chinese patent medicine commonly used in the treatment of recovery stage of ischemic stroke and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Based on the data of hospitalized patients covered by national urban basic medical insurance of China Medical Insurance Research Association in 2013, this study evaluated the treatment cost and detailed composition of the cost for the patients with cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease treated by Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets. At the same time, the differences in disease burden and direct medical expenses among Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets group, Western medicine group and another commonly used Chinese patent medicine group were analyzed. Among the three groups of patients with cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease, the hospitalization rates caused by various causes(44.4% and 29.6%) and diseases(20.8% and 5.2%) in Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets group were the lowest(all P<0.01), and the number of hospitalization times in half a year was highest in the common Chinese patent medicine group(all P<0.01). In patients with cerebral infarction, the median annual total outpatient expenses were 7 476.8, 7 601.8, 15 650.1 yuan respectively in Western medicine group, Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets group and the common Chinese patent medicine group(P<0.01), and the median hospitalization expenses were 11 620.2, 14 988.9, 13 325.6 yuan respectively(P=0.058). In patients with coronary heart disease, the total outpatient expenses of the three groups were 6 831.4, 10 228.6, 13 132.4 yuan respectively(P<0.01), and the total hospitalization expenses were 13 354.7, 14 911.5, 15 725.3 yuan respectively(P=0.134). The results showed that in patients with cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease, the hospitalization rate was lowest in Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets group, beneficial to the turnover of hospital beds and full use of hospital medical resources. The total annual outpatient cost of Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablets group was lower than that of common Chinese patent medicine group, beneficial to reduce the burden of disease.
Cerebral Infarction/drug therapy* ; China ; Coronary Disease/drug therapy* ; Cost of Illness ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Tablets

An epidemiological investigation was carried out on a local cluster of outbreak caused by imported cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rural areas of Chengdu in December 2020, to find out the source of infection and the chain of transmission. According to
COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2

Compared with crystalline drugs, their amorphous forms present long-range disordered molecular arrangements, and often exhibit higher apparent solubility and dissolution. However, several small molecule amorphous drugs may exhibit gelation phenomenon during the dissolution process, and show abnormal dissolution behavior with significantly lower dissolution than crystalline drugs. The current study aims to discover the relationship between the gelation of amorphous drugs and their abnormal dissolution, and further explore the internal gelation mechanism. Amorphous simvastatin (SIM), carvedilol (CAR), and irbesartan (IRB) were prepared by melt cooling method and characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Gel formation causes the dissolution of these three amorphous drugs to be significantly lower than their crystalline state. The formed gels were characterized as three-dimensional dense network structures by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, amorphous SIM, CAR and IRB showed the critical gel temperature at 8-15 ℃, 25-30 ℃ and 45-50 ℃, and amorphous CAR and IRB showed the critical gel pH at 1 and 0.25. The mechanism of gel formation was proposed to be closely related to the transformation of amorphous drugs into the supercooled liquid state (as the important driving force) and the protonation induced self-assembling under acidic conditions. In addition, the wettability and properties of amorphous drugs also affect the formation of gelation.

Objective::Evaluate the effects of Danhong injection for perioperative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on cardiac function and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Method::Computer retrieving CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, PubMed, CBM, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, gathering Danhong injection in percutaneous coronary intervention perioperative application in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction clinic trials. The Cochrane risk evaluation is adopted to improve the quality of literature evaluation, with Revman 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. Result::Participants included in 12 clinic trials contains a total of 1 131 patients, including 569 patients in Danhong treatment and 562 patients in control group. The results showed that compared with conventional treatment, Danhong injection treated patients had LVEF increased obviously [mean difference (MD)=6.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) (4.91, 8.34), P<0.000 01], the number of TIMI class 3 patients significantly increased[relative risk (RR)=0.22, 95%CI(0.12, 0.41), P<0.000 01], and BNP levels significantly decreased [MD=151.86, 95%CI (-247.00, -56.72), P=0.002]. Conclusion::Danhong injection can improve the function of acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention.