Oesophageal rupture is a life-threatening complication of balloon tamponade for bleeding oesophageal varices. We herein describe the clinical course and imaging findings in a 33-year-old Indian man who had a Sengstaken-Blakemore (SB) tube inserted for uncontrolled haematemesis, which was unfortunately complicated by malposition of the gastric balloon with resultant oesophageal rupture. The inflated SB tube gastric balloon was visualised within the right hemithorax on chest radiography after the SB tube insertion. Further evaluation of the thorax on computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of oesophageal rupture associated with right-sided haemopneumothorax. It is crucial for both the referring clinician and reporting radiologist to recognise early the imaging features of an incorrectly positioned SB tube gastric balloon, so as to ensure prompt intervention and a reduction in patient morbidity and mortality.
Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophagus ; injuries ; Gastric Balloon ; adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods ; Rupture ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Management of cryptogenic massive hemoptysis is difficult, and conservative treatment may be inadequate to stop the hemorrhage. Surgery is not a reasonable option because there is no underlying identifiable pathology. This study aimed to investigate the radiologic findings and bronchial artery embolization outcomes in cryptogenic hemoptysis, and to compare the results with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. We evaluated 26 patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis and 152 patients with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. A comparison of the bronchial artery abnormalities between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups showed that only extravasation was more statistically significant in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group, while the other bronchial artery abnormalities, such as bronchial artery dilatation, hypervascularity, and bronchial-to-pulmonary shunting, showed no significant difference between groups. Involvement of the non-bronchial systemic artery was significantly greater in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group. While 69.2% of patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis also had hypervascularity in the contralateral bronchial arteries and/or ipsilateral bronchial artery branches other than the bleeding lobar branches, this finding was not detected in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Embolization was performed on all patients using polyvinyl alcohol particles of 355-500 microm. Hemoptysis ceased in all patients immediately after embolization. While recurrence of hemoptysis showed no statistically significant difference between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups, it was mild in cryptogenic hemoptysis in contrast to mostly severe in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Transarterial embolization is a safe and effective technique to manage cryptogenic hemoptysis.
Adult ; Bronchial Arteries/physiopathology/*radiography ; Bronchography ; Case-Control Studies ; *Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Hemoptysis/radiography/*therapy ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Vasculopathy is rarely reported in neurofibromatosis type 1, but when it occurs it primarily involves the aorta and its main branches. Among vasculopathies, aneurysmal dilatation is the most common form. Although several case reports concerning aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms of visceral arteries in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients have been reported, there are no reports describing gastroduodenal artery aneurysms associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. We experienced a case of life-threatening duodenal ulcer bleeding from a ruptured gastroduodenal artery aneurysm associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. We treated our patient by transarterial embolization after initial endoscopic hemostasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of its type. High levels of suspicion and prompt diagnosis are required to select appropriate treatment options for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 experiencing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Embolization of the involved arteries should be considered an essential treatment over endoscopic hemostasis alone to achieve complete hemostasis and to prevent rebleeding.
Adult ; Aneurysm/*diagnosis/etiology ; Arteries ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Gastroscopy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis ; Hepatic Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1/complications/*diagnosis ; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/*etiology ; Radiography

Colonoscopic examination is a safe procedure, however, unexpected complications can sometimes occur. Bleeding and perforation of the colon have been reported as the most common complications. Hemoperitoneum after colonoscopy is an unusual complication, but it may be catastrophic. We report on a 20-year-old man who experienced left low quadrant pain after undergoing colonoscopy. Hemoperitoneum was diagnosed using abdominal CT. A laparoscopic exploration was urgently performed, revealing a lacerated mesocolon of the descending colon. Bleeding of the injured site was controlled without complication. The patient recovered fully without signs of recurrent bleeding. This report implies that if the patient has persistent abdominal pain after undergoing colonoscopy, we should consider hemoperitoneum as one of the causes. To the best of our knowledge, no case of isolated laceration of the mesocolon of the descending colon after colonoscopy has been reported.
Colonoscopy/adverse effects ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Lacerations/*diagnosis/radiography ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Mesocolon/blood supply ; Pneumoperitoneum/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Amyloidosis/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis ; Colonoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*etiology ; Heart Ventricles/radiography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged

Since the introduction of pancreas transplantation more than 40 years ago, surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regiments have improved and both have contributed to increase the number and success rate of this procedure. However, graft survival corresponds to early diagnosis of organ-related complications. Thus, knowledge of the transplantation procedure and postoperative image anatomy are basic requirements for radiologists. In this article, we demonstrate the imaging spectrum of pancreas transplantation with enteric exocrine drainage.
Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Drainage/methods ; Female ; Graft Rejection/pathology ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Iliac Artery/radiography/surgery ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; *Medical Illustration ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior/radiography/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas/*blood supply/radiography ; Pancreas Transplantation/adverse effects/*methods ; Pancreatitis, Graft/etiology ; Portal Vein/radiography/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/radiography ; Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology ; Survival Rate

Ischemic enteritis is caused by either the interruption or significant reduction of arterial inflow to the small intestine. Risk factors are old age, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. It is very rare in young patients. We experienced a 21-year-old man with recurrent acute ischemic enteritis who was diagnosed with capsule endoscopy. He had previously taken medications for pulmonary hypertension and obstruction of both carotid arteries, and about 20 months earlier, he had been admitted due to hematochezia. Two sessions of angiography did not reveal the cause of hematochezia. At that time, capsule endoscopy showed mucosal edema and erythema in the terminal ileum, suggesting healed ischemic enteritis. The patient was admitted again due to hematochezia. Abdominal computed tomography showed focal celiac trunk stenosis and diffuse wall thickening of the small intestine, suggesting ischemic enteritis. Capsule endoscopy showed multiple active ulcers and severe hemorrhage with exudate, extending from the proximal jejunum to the terminal ileum. Using capsule endoscopy, the patient was diagnosed with acute extensive ischemic enteritis. Because endoscopic images of ischemic enteritis have rarely been reported, we report a case of a 21-year-old man who was diagnosed acute extensive ischemic enteritis with capsule endoscopy.
Angiography ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Enteritis/complications/*diagnosis/radiography ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) developed after treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a rare but usually fatal complication. We report a rare case of AEF bleeding after endovascular stent grafting for AAA which was managed angiographically. An 81-year-old man presented with hematochezia and acute abdominal pain for 1 day ago. Four years ago, an aortic stent was implanted in the infrarenal aorta for AAA. Endoscopies were performed to evaluate the hematochezia. Evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was observed, but a clear bleeding point was not detected on upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed subsequently showed that the bleeding point was located in the fourth portion of the duodenum as an AEF caused by an inflammatory process in the stent-graft. Intra-arterial angiography showed a massive contrast leakage into the bowel via a small fistula from around the aortic stent graft site. Embolization was successfully performed by injecting a mixture of glue and lipiodol into the AEF tract. The patient was discharged with no evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding after the embolization.
Aged, 80 and over ; Angiography ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/*therapy ; Aortic Diseases/*etiology/radiography/therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Fistula/*etiology/radiography/therapy ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Stents/*adverse effects ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Acute Kidney Injury ; blood ; etiology ; therapy ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Disease Progression ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Fatal Outcome ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Glucocorticoids ; administration & dosage ; HIV Infections ; complications ; diagnosis ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Radiography ; Renal Dialysis ; methods

We report 2 cases of complicated spontaneous dissection of the celiac artery, which were successfully treated by a stent graft. The first patient was a 47-year-old man who presented with acute abdominal pain. CT scan showed ruptured saccular aneurysm with surrounding retroperitoneal hematoma. The second patient was a 57-year-old man with progressive dissecting aneurysm. Endovascular stent graft was placed in the celiac trunk to control bleeding, and to prevent rupture in each patient. Follow-up CT scans showed complete obliteration of a dissecting aneurysm.
Abdominal Pain/etiology/radiography ; Aneurysm, Dissecting/*therapy ; Aneurysm, Ruptured/prevention & control ; Celiac Artery/*injuries ; Hematoma/etiology/radiography ; Hemorrhage/etiology/radiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Rupture, Spontaneous/therapy ; *Stents ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/adverse effects